Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications最新文献_第10页

Column setting and text justification influence return-sweep eye movement behavior during Chinese multi-line reading. 中文多行阅读中，分栏设置和文字说明对回扫眼动行为的影响。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-024-00559-5

Mengsi Wang, Donna E Gill, Jeannie Judge, Chuanli Zang, Xuejun Bai, Simon P Liversedge

{"title":"Column setting and text justification influence return-sweep eye movement behavior during Chinese multi-line reading.","authors":"Mengsi Wang, Donna E Gill, Jeannie Judge, Chuanli Zang, Xuejun Bai, Simon P Liversedge","doi":"10.1186/s41235-024-00559-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-024-00559-5","url":null,"abstract":"People regularly read multi-line texts in different formats and publishers, internationally, must decide how to present text to make reading most effective and efficient. Relatively few studies have examined multi-line reading, and fewer still Chinese multi-line reading. Here, we examined whether texts presented in single or double columns, and either left-justified or fully-justified affect Chinese reading. Text format had minimal influence on overall reading time; however, it significantly impacted return-sweeps (large saccades moving the eyes from the end of one line of text to the beginning of the next). Return-sweeps were launched and landed further away from margins and involved more corrective saccades in single- than double-column format. For left- compared to fully-justified format, return-sweeps were launched and landed closer to margins. More corrective saccades also occurred. Our results showed more efficient return-sweep behavior for fully- than left-justified text. Moreover, there were clear trade-off effects such that formats requiring increased numbers of shorter return-sweeps produced more accurate targeting and reduced numbers of corrective fixations, whereas formats requiring reduced numbers of longer return-sweeps caused less accurate targeting and an increased rate of corrective fixations. Overall, our results demonstrate that text formats substantially affect return-sweep eye movement behavior during Chinese reading without affecting efficiency and effectiveness, that is, the overall time it takes to read and understand the text.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"9 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11147972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How do students reason about statistical sampling with computer simulations? An integrative review from a grounded cognition perspective. 学生如何利用计算机模拟进行统计抽样推理？从基础认知的角度进行综合评述。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-024-00561-x

Sebahat Gok, Robert L Goldstone

{"title":"How do students reason about statistical sampling with computer simulations? An integrative review from a grounded cognition perspective.","authors":"Sebahat Gok, Robert L Goldstone","doi":"10.1186/s41235-024-00561-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-024-00561-x","url":null,"abstract":"Interactive computer simulations are commonly used as pedagogical tools to support students' statistical reasoning. This paper examines whether and how these simulations enable their intended effects. We begin by contrasting two theoretical frameworks-dual processes and grounded cognition-in the context of people's conceptions about statistical sampling, setting the stage for the potential benefits of simulations in learning such conceptions. Then, we continue with reviewing the educational literature on statistical sampling simulations. Our review tentatively suggests benefits of the simulations for building statistical habits of mind. However, challenges seem to persist when more specific concepts and skills are investigated. With and without simulations, students have difficulty forming an aggregate view of data, interpreting sampling distributions, showing a process-based understanding of the law of large numbers, making statistical inferences, and context-independent reasoning. We propose that grounded cognition offers a framework for understanding these findings, highlighting the bidirectional relationship between perception and conception, perceptual design features, and guided perceptual routines for supporting students' meaning making from simulations. Finally, we propose testable instructional strategies for using simulations in statistics education.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"9 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11139845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141180893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seeing the truck, but missing the cyclist: effects of blur on duration thresholds for road hazard detection. 看到卡车，却没看到骑自行车的人：模糊对道路危险检测持续时间阈值的影响。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-024-00557-7

Silvia Guidi, Anna Kosovicheva, Benjamin Wolfe

{"title":"Seeing the truck, but missing the cyclist: effects of blur on duration thresholds for road hazard detection.","authors":"Silvia Guidi, Anna Kosovicheva, Benjamin Wolfe","doi":"10.1186/s41235-024-00557-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-024-00557-7","url":null,"abstract":"Drivers must respond promptly to a wide range of possible road hazards, from trucks veering into their lane to pedestrians stepping onto the road. While drivers' vision is tested at the point of licensure, visual function can degrade, and drivers may not notice how these changes impact their ability to notice and respond to events in the world in a timely fashion. To safely examine the potential consequences of visual degradation on hazard detection, we performed two experiments examining the impact of simulated optical blur on participants' viewing duration thresholds in a hazard detection task, as a proxy for eyes-on-road duration behind the wheel. Examining this question with older and younger participants, across two experiments, we found an overall increase in viewing duration thresholds under blurred conditions, such that younger and older adults were similarly impacted by blur. Critically, in both groups, we found that the increment in thresholds produced by blur was larger for non-vehicular road hazards (pedestrians, cyclists and animals) compared to vehicular road hazards (cars, trucks and buses). This work suggests that blur poses a particular problem for drivers detecting non-vehicular road users, a population considerably more vulnerable in a collision than vehicular road users. These results also highlight the importance of taking into account the type of hazard when considering the impacts of blur on road hazard detection.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"9 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11106223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141065863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Boosting wisdom of the crowd for medical image annotation using training performance and task features. 利用训练成绩和任务特征提升医学图像注释的群体智慧。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-024-00558-6

Eeshan Hasan, Erik Duhaime, Jennifer S Trueblood

{"title":"Boosting wisdom of the crowd for medical image annotation using training performance and task features.","authors":"Eeshan Hasan, Erik Duhaime, Jennifer S Trueblood","doi":"10.1186/s41235-024-00558-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-024-00558-6","url":null,"abstract":"A crucial bottleneck in medical artificial intelligence (AI) is high-quality labeled medical datasets. In this paper, we test a large variety of wisdom of the crowd algorithms to label medical images that were initially classified by individuals recruited through an app-based platform. Individuals classified skin lesions from the International Skin Lesion Challenge 2018 into 7 different categories. There was a large dispersion in the geographical location, experience, training, and performance of the recruited individuals. We tested several wisdom of the crowd algorithms of varying complexity from a simple unweighted average to more complex Bayesian models that account for individual patterns of errors. Using a switchboard analysis, we observe that the best-performing algorithms rely on selecting top performers, weighting decisions by training accuracy, and take into account the task environment. These algorithms far exceed expert performance. We conclude by discussing the implications of these approaches for the development of medical AI.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"9 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11102897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141065857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on re-searching: interrupted foraging is not disrupted foraging. 关于重新搜索的研究：中断的觅食不是中断的觅食。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-024-00556-8

Injae Hong, Jeremy M Wolfe

{"title":"Research on re-searching: interrupted foraging is not disrupted foraging.","authors":"Injae Hong, Jeremy M Wolfe","doi":"10.1186/s41235-024-00556-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-024-00556-8","url":null,"abstract":"In classic visual search, observers typically search for the presence of a target in a scene or display. In foraging tasks, there may be multiple targets in the same display (or \"patch\"). Observers typically search for and collect these target items in one patch until they decide to leave that patch and move to the next one. This is a highly rule-governed behavior. The current study investigated whether these rules are disrupted when the foraging is interrupted in various manners. In Experiment 1, the foraging was briefly interrupted and then resumed in the same patch. In Experiments 2 and 3, the foraging in each patch either ended voluntarily or compulsorily after a fixed amount of time. In these cases, foraging resumed in a patch only after all patches were visited. Overall, the rules of foraging remained largely intact, though Experiment 2 shows that foraging rules can be overridden by the demand characteristics of the task. The results show that participants tended to perform approximately consistently despite interruptions. The results suggest that foraging behavior in a relatively simple foraging environment is resilient and not easily disrupted by interruption.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"9 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11096138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attention capture by own name decreases with speech compression. 语音压缩后，用自己的名字吸引注意力的情况会减少。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-024-00555-9

Simon Y W Li, Alan L F Lee, Jenny W S Chiu, Robert G Loeb, Penelope M Sanderson

{"title":"Attention capture by own name decreases with speech compression.","authors":"Simon Y W Li, Alan L F Lee, Jenny W S Chiu, Robert G Loeb, Penelope M Sanderson","doi":"10.1186/s41235-024-00555-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-024-00555-9","url":null,"abstract":"Auditory stimuli that are relevant to a listener have the potential to capture focal attention even when unattended, the listener's own name being a particularly effective stimulus. We report two experiments to test the attention-capturing potential of the listener's own name in normal speech and time-compressed speech. In Experiment 1, 39 participants were tested with a visual word categorization task with uncompressed spoken names as background auditory distractors. Participants' word categorization performance was slower when hearing their own name rather than other names, and in a final test, they were faster at detecting their own name than other names. Experiment 2 used the same task paradigm, but the auditory distractors were time-compressed names. Three compression levels were tested with 25 participants in each condition. Participants' word categorization performance was again slower when hearing their own name than when hearing other names; the slowing was strongest with slight compression and weakest with intense compression. Personally relevant time-compressed speech has the potential to capture attention, but the degree of capture depends on the level of compression. Attention capture by time-compressed speech has practical significance and provides partial evidence for the duplex-mechanism account of auditory distraction.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"9 1","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11089017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140909510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Memory and belief updating following complete and partial reminders of fake news. 完全和部分提醒假新闻后的记忆和信念更新。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-024-00546-w

Paige L Kemp, Alyssa H Sinclair, R Alison Adcock, Christopher N Wahlheim

{"title":"Memory and belief updating following complete and partial reminders of fake news.","authors":"Paige L Kemp, Alyssa H Sinclair, R Alison Adcock, Christopher N Wahlheim","doi":"10.1186/s41235-024-00546-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-024-00546-w","url":null,"abstract":"Fake news can have enduring effects on memory and beliefs. An ongoing theoretical debate has investigated whether corrections (fact-checks) should include reminders of fake news. The familiarity backfire account proposes that reminders hinder correction (increasing interference), whereas integration-based accounts argue that reminders facilitate correction (promoting memory integration). In three experiments, we examined how different types of corrections influenced memory for and belief in news headlines. In the exposure phase, participants viewed real and fake news headlines. In the correction phase, participants viewed reminders of fake news that either reiterated the false details (complete) or prompted recall of missing false details (partial); reminders were followed by fact-checked headlines correcting the false details. Both reminder types led to proactive interference in memory for corrected details, but complete reminders produced less interference than partial reminders (Experiment 1). However, when participants had fewer initial exposures to fake news and experienced a delay between exposure and correction, this effect was reversed; partial reminders led to proactive facilitation, enhancing correction (Experiment 2). This effect occurred regardless of the delay before correction (Experiment 3), suggesting that the effects of partial reminders depend on the number of prior fake news exposures. In all experiments, memory and perceived accuracy were better when fake news and corrections were recollected, implicating a critical role for integrative encoding. Overall, we show that when memories of fake news are weak or less accessible, partial reminders are more effective for correction; when memories of fake news are stronger or more accessible, complete reminders are preferable.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"9 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11076432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140852936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The psychological reality of the learned "p < .05" boundary. 学会 "p < .05 "界限的心理现实。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-024-00553-x

V N Vimal Rao, Jeffrey K Bye, Sashank Varma

引用次数: 0

Distinct mechanisms of attentional suppression: exploration of trait factors underlying cued- and learned-suppression. 注意抑制的不同机制：探索提示抑制和学习抑制的特质因素。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-024-00554-w

Matthieu Chidharom, Nancy B Carlisle

{"title":"Distinct mechanisms of attentional suppression: exploration of trait factors underlying cued- and learned-suppression.","authors":"Matthieu Chidharom, Nancy B Carlisle","doi":"10.1186/s41235-024-00554-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-024-00554-w","url":null,"abstract":"Attention allows us to focus on relevant information while ignoring distractions. Effective suppression of distracting information is crucial for efficient visual search. Recent studies have developed two paradigms to investigate attentional suppression: cued-suppression which is based on top-down control, and learned-suppression which is based on selection history. While both types of suppression reportedly engage proactive control, it remains unclear whether they rely on shared mechanisms. This study aimed to determine the relationship between cued- and learned-suppression. In a within-subjects design, 54 participants performed a cued-suppression task where pre-cues indicated upcoming target or distractor colors, and a learned-suppression task where a salient color distractor was present or absent. No significant correlation emerged between performance in the two tasks, suggesting distinct suppression mechanisms. Cued-suppression correlated with visual working memory capacity, indicating reliance on explicit control. In contrast, learned-suppression correlated with everyday distractibility, suggesting implicit control based on regularities. These results provide evidence for heterogeneous proactive control mechanisms underlying cued- and learned-suppression. While both engage inhibition, cued-suppression relies on deliberate top-down control modulated by working memory, whereas learned-suppression involves implicit suppression shaped by selection history and distractibility traits.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"9 1","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11063026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A bonus task boosts people's willingness to offload cognition to an algorithm. 一项奖励任务会增强人们将认知工作交给算法的意愿。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-024-00550-0

Basil Wahn, Laura Schmitz

{"title":"A bonus task boosts people's willingness to offload cognition to an algorithm.","authors":"Basil Wahn, Laura Schmitz","doi":"10.1186/s41235-024-00550-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-024-00550-0","url":null,"abstract":"With the increased sophistication of technology, humans have the possibility to offload a variety of tasks to algorithms. Here, we investigated whether the extent to which people are willing to offload an attentionally demanding task to an algorithm is modulated by the availability of a bonus task and by the knowledge about the algorithm's capacity. Participants performed a multiple object tracking (MOT) task which required them to visually track targets on a screen. Participants could offload an unlimited number of targets to a \"computer partner\". If participants decided to offload the entire task to the computer, they could instead perform a bonus task which resulted in additional financial gain-however, this gain was conditional on a high performance accuracy in the MOT task. Thus, participants should only offload the entire task if they trusted the computer to perform accurately. We found that participants were significantly more willing to completely offload the task if they were informed beforehand that the computer's accuracy was flawless (Experiment 1 vs. 2). Participants' offloading behavior was not significantly affected by whether the bonus task was incentivized or not (Experiment 2 vs. 3). These results combined with those from our previous study (Wahn et al. in PLoS ONE 18:e0286102, 2023), which did not include a bonus task but was identical otherwise, show that the human willingness to offload an attentionally demanding task to an algorithm is considerably boosted by the availability of a bonus task-even if not incentivized-and by the knowledge about the algorithm's capacity.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"9 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11039595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0