Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications最新文献_第10页

Correction: Collective intelligence in fingerprint analysis. 更正：指纹分析中的集体智慧。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00514-w

Jason M Tangen, Kirsty M Kent, Rachel A Searston

引用次数: 0

Investigating the influence of visuospatial stimuli on driver's speed perception: a laboratory study. 研究视觉空间刺激对驾驶员速度感知的影响：一项实验室研究。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00513-x

Anna-Lena Köhler, Maren Klatt, Iring Koch, Stefan Ladwig

{"title":"Investigating the influence of visuospatial stimuli on driver's speed perception: a laboratory study.","authors":"Anna-Lena Köhler, Maren Klatt, Iring Koch, Stefan Ladwig","doi":"10.1186/s41235-023-00513-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-023-00513-x","url":null,"abstract":"Driving at an inappropriate speed is a major accident cause in the EU. Understanding the underlying sensory mechanisms can help to reduce speed and increase traffic safety. The present study investigated the effect of visuospatial stimuli on speed perception using an adaptive countermeasure to speeding based on a manipulation of optic flow. We added red lights on both sides of a simulated road. We expected speed to be perceived as faster when lights moved toward drivers due to increased optic flow, whereas we expected static light stimuli to not alter the optic flow and thus not influence speed perception. Two experiments applied the method of constant stimuli. To this end, participants encountered several trials of two video sequences on a straight road. A reference sequence showed the same traveling speed while test sequences varied around different traveling speeds. Participants indicated which sequence they perceived as faster, leading to the calculation of the point of subjective equality (PSE). A lower PSE indicates that the speed in this experimental condition is perceived as faster than in another experimental condition. Experiment 1A did not show a difference between PSEs of static and oncoming lights. Because participants had counted reflector posts for speed estimation, we removed these reflector posts in Experiment 1B and found a lower PSE for oncoming lights. Thus, such light stimuli may have an effect only in situations without other competing visual stimuli supporting speed perception. Future research should investigate whether speed perception is indeed a primarily visuospatial control task or whether other sensory information such as auditory factors can have an influence as well.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"8 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10499724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10608372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Establishing gaze markers of perceptual load during multi-target visual search. 在多目标视觉搜索过程中建立感知负荷的凝视标记。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00498-7

Anthony M Harris, Joshua O Eayrs, Nilli Lavie

{"title":"Establishing gaze markers of perceptual load during multi-target visual search.","authors":"Anthony M Harris, Joshua O Eayrs, Nilli Lavie","doi":"10.1186/s41235-023-00498-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-023-00498-7","url":null,"abstract":"Highly-automated technologies are increasingly incorporated into existing systems, for instance in advanced car models. Although highly automated modes permit non-driving activities (e.g. internet browsing), drivers are expected to reassume control upon a 'take over' signal from the automation. To assess a person's readiness for takeover, non-invasive eye tracking can indicate their attentive state based on properties of their gaze. Perceptual load is a well-established determinant of attention and perception, however, the effects of perceptual load on a person's ability to respond to a takeover signal and the related gaze indicators are not yet known. Here we examined how load-induced attentional state affects detection of a takeover-signal proxy, as well as the gaze properties that change with attentional state, in an ongoing task with no overt behaviour beyond eye movements (responding by lingering the gaze). Participants performed a multi-target visual search of either low perceptual load (shape targets) or high perceptual load (targets were two separate conjunctions of colour and shape), while also detecting occasional auditory tones (the proxy takeover signal). Across two experiments, we found that high perceptual load was associated with poorer search performance, slower detection of cross-modal stimuli, and longer fixation durations, while saccade amplitude did not consistently change with load. Using machine learning, we were able to predict the load condition from fixation duration alone. These results suggest monitoring fixation duration may be useful in the design of systems to track users' attentional states and predict impaired user responses to stimuli outside of the focus of attention.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"8 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10468466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10136182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians' medical expertise: III. Strengths and weaknesses of self-assessment. 维持医生医学专业知识的认知视角：III.自我评估的优势和劣势。

IF 3.4 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00511-z

Scott H Fraundorf, Zachary A Caddick, Timothy J Nokes-Malach, Benjamin M Rottman

{"title":"Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians' medical expertise: III. Strengths and weaknesses of self-assessment.","authors":"Scott H Fraundorf, Zachary A Caddick, Timothy J Nokes-Malach, Benjamin M Rottman","doi":"10.1186/s41235-023-00511-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-023-00511-z","url":null,"abstract":"Is self-assessment enough to keep physicians' cognitive skills-such as diagnosis, treatment, basic biological knowledge, and communicative skills-current? We review the cognitive strengths and weaknesses of self-assessment in the context of maintaining medical expertise. Cognitive science supports the importance of accurately self-assessing one's own skills and abilities, and we review several ways such accuracy can be quantified. However, our review also indicates a broad challenge in self-assessment is that individuals do not have direct access to the strength or quality of their knowledge and instead must infer this from heuristic strategies. These heuristics are reasonably accurate in many circumstances, but they also suffer from systematic biases. For example, information that feels easy to process in the moment can lead individuals to overconfidence in their ability to remember it in the future. Another notable phenomenon is the Dunning-Kruger effect: the poorest performers in a domain are also the least accurate in self-assessment. Further, explicit instruction is not always sufficient to remove these biases. We discuss what these findings imply about when physicians' self-assessment can be useful and when it may be valuable to supplement with outside sources.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"8 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10469193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10134143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Less is more: information needs, information wants, and what makes causal models useful. 少即是多:信息需求，信息欲望，以及什么使因果模型有用。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00509-7

Samantha Kleinberg, Jessecae K Marsh

引用次数: 0

Aesthetic preferences for prototypical movements in human actions. 人类行为中典型动作的审美偏好。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00510-0

Yi-Chia Chen, Frank Pollick, Hongjing Lu

{"title":"Aesthetic preferences for prototypical movements in human actions.","authors":"Yi-Chia Chen, Frank Pollick, Hongjing Lu","doi":"10.1186/s41235-023-00510-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-023-00510-0","url":null,"abstract":"A commonplace sight is seeing other people walk. Our visual system specializes in processing such actions. Notably, we are not only quick to recognize actions, but also quick to judge how elegantly (or not) people walk. What movements appear appealing, and why do we have such aesthetic experiences? Do aesthetic preferences for body movements arise simply from perceiving others' positive emotions? To answer these questions, we showed observers different point-light walkers who expressed neutral, happy, angry, or sad emotions through their movements and measured the observers' impressions of aesthetic appeal, emotion positivity, and naturalness of these movements. Three experiments were conducted. People showed consensus in aesthetic impressions even after controlling for emotion positivity, finding prototypical walks more aesthetically pleasing than atypical walks. This aesthetic prototype effect could be accounted for by a computational model in which walking actions are treated as a single category (as opposed to multiple emotion categories). The aesthetic impressions were affected both directly by the objective prototypicality of the movements, and indirectly through the mediation of perceived naturalness. These findings extend the boundary of category learning, and hint at possible functions for action aesthetics.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"8 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10435434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10046033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How do drivers mitigate the effects of naturalistic visual complexity? : On attentional strategies and their implications under a change blindness protocol. 司机如何减轻自然视觉复杂性的影响?变化盲视协议下的注意策略及其影响。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00501-1

Vasiliki Kondyli, Mehul Bhatt, Daniel Levin, Jakob Suchan

{"title":"How do drivers mitigate the effects of naturalistic visual complexity? : On attentional strategies and their implications under a change blindness protocol.","authors":"Vasiliki Kondyli, Mehul Bhatt, Daniel Levin, Jakob Suchan","doi":"10.1186/s41235-023-00501-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-023-00501-1","url":null,"abstract":"How do the limits of high-level visual processing affect human performance in naturalistic, dynamic settings of (multimodal) interaction where observers can draw on experience to strategically adapt attention to familiar forms of complexity? In this backdrop, we investigate change detection in a driving context to study attentional allocation aimed at overcoming environmental complexity and temporal load. Results indicate that visuospatial complexity substantially increases change blindness but also that participants effectively respond to this load by increasing their focus on safety-relevant events, by adjusting their driving, and by avoiding non-productive forms of attentional elaboration, thereby also controlling \"looked-but-failed-to-see\" errors. Furthermore, analyses of gaze patterns reveal that drivers occasionally, but effectively, limit attentional monitoring and lingering for irrelevant changes. Overall, the experimental outcomes reveal how drivers exhibit effective attentional compensation in highly complex situations. Our findings uncover implications for driving education and development of driving skill-testing methods, as well as for human-factors guided development of AI-based driving assistance systems.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"8 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10412523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10048256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians' medical expertise: IV. Best practices and open questions in using testing to enhance learning and retention. 保持医生医学专业知识的认知视角:四。使用测试增强学习和保留的最佳实践和开放性问题。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00508-8

Scott H Fraundorf, Zachary A Caddick, Timothy J Nokes-Malach, Benjamin M Rottman

{"title":"Cognitive perspectives on maintaining physicians' medical expertise: IV. Best practices and open questions in using testing to enhance learning and retention.","authors":"Scott H Fraundorf, Zachary A Caddick, Timothy J Nokes-Malach, Benjamin M Rottman","doi":"10.1186/s41235-023-00508-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-023-00508-8","url":null,"abstract":"Although tests and assessments-such as those used to maintain a physician's Board certification-are often viewed merely as tools for decision-making about one's performance level, strong evidence now indicates that the experience of being tested is a powerful learning experience in its own right: The act of retrieving targeted information from memory strengthens the ability to use it again in the future, known as the testing effect. We review meta-analytic evidence for the learning benefits of testing, including in the domain of medicine, and discuss theoretical accounts of its mechanism(s). We also review key moderators-including the timing, frequency, order, and format of testing and the content of feedback-and what they indicate about how to most effectively use testing for learning. We also identify open questions for the optimal use of testing, such as the timing of feedback and the sequencing of complex knowledge domains. Lastly, we consider how to facilitate adoption of this powerful study strategy by physicians and other learners.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"8 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10409703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10102948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The functional relevance of visuospatial processing speed across the lifespan. 视觉空间处理速度在整个生命周期中的功能相关性。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00504-y

Courtney Aul, Julia M Brau, Alexander Sugarman, Joseph M DeGutis, Laura T Germine, Michael Esterman, Regina E McGlinchey, Francesca C Fortenbaugh

{"title":"The functional relevance of visuospatial processing speed across the lifespan.","authors":"Courtney Aul, Julia M Brau, Alexander Sugarman, Joseph M DeGutis, Laura T Germine, Michael Esterman, Regina E McGlinchey, Francesca C Fortenbaugh","doi":"10.1186/s41235-023-00504-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-023-00504-y","url":null,"abstract":"Visuospatial processing speed underlies several cognitive functions critical for successful completion of everyday tasks, including driving and walking. While it is widely accepted that visuospatial processing speed peaks in early adulthood, performance across the lifespan remains incompletely characterized. Additionally, there remains a lack of paradigms available to assess visuospatial processing speed in unsupervised web-based testing environments. To address these gaps, we developed a novel visuospatial processing speed (VIPS) task adapted from two tests sensitive to visuospatial processing speed declines in older adults, the Useful Field of View paradigm and the PERformance CEntered Portable Test. The VIPS task requires participants to make a central orientation discrimination and complete a simultaneous peripheral visual search task. Data were collected from 86 in-lab volunteers (18-30 years) to compare performance to traditional neuropsychological measures. Consistent with previous literature, performance on the novel VIPS task significantly correlated with measures of selective attention, executive functioning, visual speed, and working memory. An additional 4395 volunteers (12-62 years) were recruited on TestMyBrain.org to establish lifespan trajectories of visuospatial processing speed and associations with functional disability. VIPS task performance peaked in the early 20's, and steadily decreased such that thresholds doubled in 60-year-olds relative to 20-year-olds (817 ms vs. 412 ms). VIPS task performance significantly correlated with self-reported cognitive functioning deficits broadly across the lifespan but was specifically related to mobility issues in middle-age. These findings have important implications for early detection of cognitive decline and provide insights into potential early intervention targets for younger and middle-aged adults.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"8 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10403489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10046251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Graded prioritisation of targets in search: reward diminishes the low prevalence effect. 搜索目标的分级优先级:奖励减少了低流行率效应。

IF 4.1 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-023-00507-9

Veronica Hadjipanayi, Casimir J H Ludwig, Christopher Kent

{"title":"Graded prioritisation of targets in search: reward diminishes the low prevalence effect.","authors":"Veronica Hadjipanayi, Casimir J H Ludwig, Christopher Kent","doi":"10.1186/s41235-023-00507-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-023-00507-9","url":null,"abstract":"In many real-life contexts, observers are required to search for targets that are rarely present (e.g. tumours in X-rays; dangerous items in airport security screenings). Despite the rarity of these items, they are of enormous importance for the health and safety of the public, yet they are easily missed during visual search. This is referred to as the prevalence effect. In the current series of experiments, we investigate whether unequal reward can modulate the prevalence effect, in a multiple target search task. Having first established the impact of prevalence (Experiment 1) and reward (Experiment 2) on how efficiently participants can find one of several targets in the current paradigm, we then combined the two forms of priority to investigate their interaction. An unequal reward distribution (where lower prevalence items are more rewarded; Experiment 3) was found to diminish the effect of prevalence, compared to an equal reward distribution (Experiment 4) as indicated by faster response times and fewer misses. These findings suggest that when combined with an unequal reward distribution, the low prevalence effect can be diminished.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"8 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10403486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10046252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0