Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications最新文献_第2页

Visual attention in bilingual instructional videos: effects of audiovisual congruency and subtitle language. 双语教学视频中的视觉注意：视听一致性与字幕语言的影响。

IF 3.6 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2026-06-16 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-026-00741-x

Inka Romero-Ortells, Manuel Perea, Eva Gutierrez-Sigut, Jon Andoni Duñabeitia

{"title":"Visual attention in bilingual instructional videos: effects of audiovisual congruency and subtitle language.","authors":"Inka Romero-Ortells, Manuel Perea, Eva Gutierrez-Sigut, Jon Andoni Duñabeitia","doi":"10.1186/s41235-026-00741-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-026-00741-x","url":null,"abstract":"How do subtitles shape where learners look, and what they learn, in bilingual instructional video? Subtitles are increasingly central to instructional video in multilingual education, where learners must integrate spoken input with written text. In the present paper, we recorded eye movements while university students watched two-speaker instructional videos to test the effects of audio language (original L2 vs L1 dubbed) and subtitle language (L1 vs L2). Experiment 1a (N = 40 Spanish L1, English L2) contrasted original English audio with Spanish-dubbed versions, and we found that dubbing shifted gaze from the speakers' mouths to their eyes; comprehension was also higher for dubbed L1 than original L2. Experiment 1b tested the same Spanish-speaking participants with English-audio videos containing either English (L2) or Spanish (L1) subtitles, and included native English speakers viewing the English-audio/English-subtitle condition as a comparison group. In both groups, participants consistently devoted most of their gaze to subtitles rather than to the speakers' eyes or mouths, independent of subtitle language; comprehension was equally high for L1 and L2 subtitles. Taken together, these findings indicate the key role of subtitles in guiding visual attention, with direct implications for the design of bilingual multimedia instruction.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13518776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148266533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting accuracy in eyewitness showups: confidence and response time in the laboratory, confidence in the field. 预测目击者展示的准确性：实验室的信心和反应时间，现场的信心。

IF 3.6 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2026-06-06 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-026-00734-w

Laura Mickes, Karen L Amendola, Xueqing Chen, Maria Valdovinos Olson, Curt A Carlson, Scott Gronlund

{"title":"Predicting accuracy in eyewitness showups: confidence and response time in the laboratory, confidence in the field.","authors":"Laura Mickes, Karen L Amendola, Xueqing Chen, Maria Valdovinos Olson, Curt A Carlson, Scott Gronlund","doi":"10.1186/s41235-026-00734-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-026-00734-w","url":null,"abstract":"Police administer live showup procedures when a suspect is located shortly after a crime, yet most prior research has relied on static, image-based showups, where confidence is often a weaker predictor of accuracy than in lineup procedures. Because actual police showup procedures involve live, in-person identifications, we conducted two studies to test the reliability of eyewitness confidence in live showups. In Study 1, a laboratory experiment (N = 229), identifications made with both high confidence and fast response time were more likely to be correct, and high-confidence rejections indicated suspect innocence. In Study 2 (N = 153), a field study using showup cases from two US jurisdictions, eyewitness confidence again indicated accuracy, assessed with the Strength of Evidence Scale as a proxy for ground truth. These findings demonstrate that eyewitness confidence is an indicator of accuracy in live showups, with implications for law enforcement policy and safeguards against wrongful convictions. When administered with procedures to reduce bias, live showups can yield reliable and probative identification, supporting their continued use in police investigations.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13461980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148195152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why do we forget?-A mixed-method investigation of reasons for everyday prospective memory failures. 为什么我们会忘记？-对日常前瞻性记忆失效原因的混合方法调查。

IF 3.6 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2026-06-05 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-026-00737-7

Maximilian Haas, Alexandra Hering, Chiara Scarampi, Corinna S Martarelli

{"title":"Why do we forget?-A mixed-method investigation of reasons for everyday prospective memory failures.","authors":"Maximilian Haas, Alexandra Hering, Chiara Scarampi, Corinna S Martarelli","doi":"10.1186/s41235-026-00737-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-026-00737-7","url":null,"abstract":"Prospective memory research often assumes that unfulfilled intentions reflect memory failures, but the reasons behind self-reported daily intention non-completion remain underexplored. In this study, we investigated the relative contribution of forgetting versus other factors to unfulfilled daily intentions and examined how intention-related characteristics predict the type of non-fulfillment. A total of 102 distance-learning students completed smartphone-based intention diaries across two five-day periods, reporting on 1823 non-routine next-day intentions and providing ratings of importance, perceived difficulty, memory confidence, and reminder use. Mixed-effects multinomial logistic regression revealed that memory confidence and perceived difficulty reliably distinguished non-forgetting reasons, whereas perceived importance had no effect. Reminder use was selectively associated with external causes rather than forgetting. Cross-validation with a publicly available dataset (Scott & Gilbert, 2024; N = 409 intentions) largely replicated these patterns. Overall, within the present sampling frame, forgetting accounted for only a minority of self-reported non-fulfillments (~ 10-14%), suggesting that situational and motivational factors, rather than memory failure, are primary drivers of non-completion in daily life. These findings challenge the assumption that unfulfilled intentions in naturalistic settings are predominantly due to forgetting and highlight the importance of considering multiple psychological and contextual aspects in prospective memory research.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148176911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does viewing a top-down map facilitate spatial learning from navigation in a virtual environment? 查看自上而下的地图是否有助于在虚拟环境中通过导航学习空间？

IF 3.6 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2026-06-04 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-026-00732-y

Jie Ding, Ho Ming Chan, Jeffrey Allen Saunders

{"title":"Does viewing a top-down map facilitate spatial learning from navigation in a virtual environment?","authors":"Jie Ding, Ho Ming Chan, Jeffrey Allen Saunders","doi":"10.1186/s41235-026-00732-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-026-00732-y","url":null,"abstract":"We tested whether viewing a top-down map before or while exploring an environment can facilitate spatial learning through first-person navigation. In three experiments, participants navigated in virtual environments to find a sequence of targets (exploration) and then performed three tasks to assess their spatial knowledge: scene and orientation-dependent pointing (SOP), judgments of relative direction (JRD), and map reconstruction. In separate sessions, we tested conditions with and without map viewing. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants viewed a structural map of the environment before performing exploration trials. Experiment 1 tested city environments with rectangular intersections, and Experiment 2 tested village environments with a main path and irregular side paths. We found no evidence that the structural map previews improved overall accuracy of spatial representations learned from navigation. Experiment 3 tested a village environment with more distinctive landmarks and presented a detailed map without targets labeled repeatedly throughout the exploration and still found no benefit from viewing a top-down map for first-person navigation in large-scale virtual spaces. We speculate that difficulty in translating between egocentric and allocentric representations might make it difficult to integrate information from a map and navigation experience.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148158504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatially modulated visuomotor efficiency in FPS players: eye-tracking evidence from a Go/No-Go target acquisition task. FPS玩家的空间调节视觉运动效率：来自Go/No-Go目标获取任务的眼动追踪证据

IF 3.6 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2026-05-28 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-026-00738-6

Liu Yang, Yuru Huang, Peitao Li, Hongjie Tang, Xinhong Jin

{"title":"Spatially modulated visuomotor efficiency in FPS players: eye-tracking evidence from a Go/No-Go target acquisition task.","authors":"Liu Yang, Yuru Huang, Peitao Li, Hongjie Tang, Xinhong Jin","doi":"10.1186/s41235-026-00738-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-026-00738-6","url":null,"abstract":"First-person shooter (FPS) games demand rapid visual processing, spatial awareness, and response inhibition, yet the cognitive correlates of FPS gameplay remain under debate. This study examined whether FPS gaming experience is associated with inhibitory control indices and visuomotor efficiency using a gamified Go/No-Go target acquisition task with FPS-relevant spatial demands. Behavioral and eye movement indices were compared between 29 experienced FPS players (16 males; mean age = 21.38 ± 2.11 years) and 32 non-FPS participants (17 males; mean age = 21.00 ± 2.11 years). Results showed that FPS players demonstrated reliably faster execution times, while accuracy on Go trials did not differ between groups. For No-Go trials, overall commission error rates did not show a significant group effect, but were systematically modulated by spatial context (quadrant and its interaction with target distance). Eye-tracking results further revealed more efficient oculomotor dynamics in FPS players, including shorter saccade latencies and durations, with group differences most pronounced in specific spatial locations (notably Quadrant 2). Together, these findings suggest that FPS gaming experience is associated with faster visuomotor responding and distinct gaze dynamics under spatially distributed demands, while inhibitory accuracy appears more strongly shaped by spatial constraints than by experience level.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13402276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148044264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time pressure and reward value's influence on visual search performance and behavior: an eye-tracking VR study. 时间压力和奖励价值对视觉搜索表现和行为的影响：一项眼动追踪VR研究。

IF 3.6 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2026-05-22 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-026-00731-z

Mohamad El Iskandarani, Sara Lu Riggs

{"title":"Time pressure and reward value's influence on visual search performance and behavior: an eye-tracking VR study.","authors":"Mohamad El Iskandarani, Sara Lu Riggs","doi":"10.1186/s41235-026-00731-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-026-00731-z","url":null,"abstract":"Visual search is shaped by both stress-inducing and motivational factors. Time pressure, a common stressor, can impair performance by prompting hurried search strategies, whereas reward value, a motivator, may enhance performance and efficiency. Although their individual effects are well-established, their joint influence on search performance and behavior is not yet clear-specifically, whether reward value can counteract the performance costs incurred by time pressure, enabling fast yet accurate searches. Moreover, little is known on whether time pressure and reward value exert distinct effects on the two processing components of visual search: target acquisition and target verification. The present eye-tracking study examines: (1) how time pressure and reward value influence search performance and behavior, and (2) whether reward value can counteract the adverse effects of time pressure on performance. Forty participants searched for target objects in a virtual living room under various time pressure and reward value conditions. As expected, time pressure reduced accuracy. However, it incurred longer target acquisition but shorter verification times. In contrast, reward value enhanced target acquisition efficiency and accuracy. It particularly improved accuracy and reduced search time under time pressure, suggesting a mitigating role against the performance decrements incurred by time pressure. Overall, the findings show that time pressure and reward value exert distinct effects on target acquisition and verification, yet their interaction influences performance.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13612796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of spoiler types on audience immersion: an inter-subject correlation study of heart rate. 剧透类型对观众沉浸感的影响：心率的主体间相关研究。

IF 3.6 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2026-05-21 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-026-00733-x

Xiaohan Zhou, Hao Chai, Wenjuan Zhang, Wuheng Zuo, Qing Liu

{"title":"The effects of spoiler types on audience immersion: an inter-subject correlation study of heart rate.","authors":"Xiaohan Zhou, Hao Chai, Wenjuan Zhang, Wuheng Zuo, Qing Liu","doi":"10.1186/s41235-026-00733-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-026-00733-x","url":null,"abstract":"This study used a between-subjects experimental design to examine how five spoiler conditions, including a complete scene without spoiler, a chaotic scene without spoiler, a video spoiler, a verbal spoiler, and a written spoiler, influenced viewers' narrative engagement, heart rate synchrony measured by inter-subject correlation, and task performance while watching suspenseful film clips. Seventy-six university students were randomly assigned to one of the spoiler groups and viewed clips from the film Revenge. Narrative engagement was assessed using the Narrative Engagement Scale (NES), and ECG signals were recorded to derive heart rate time series for ISC-HR analyses. Key cue search task was indexed by a sticker-counting task during viewing. Results indicated that the video spoiler group showed the most consistent advantages, including higher narrative engagement, more frequent key cue search task, and the highest ISC-HR during the spoiler exposure phase. In contrast, the chaotic scene without spoiler group showed the weakest subjective engagement profile, with differences most evident in comprehension-related engagement and partially attentional focus. ISC-HR varied by spoiler modality primarily during the spoiler exposure phase, with the video spoiler group eliciting the highest synchrony, whereas ISC-HR during movie watching did not show clear group differences. Overall, these findings suggest that spoiler modality and narrative coherence shape viewers' cognitive processing and cue monitoring during film viewing, and that ISC-HR can be used as a complementary physiological indicator to support the interpretation of immersion-related self-reports by indexing shared response dynamics among viewers.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13369140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147983773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Observability constrains expertise-dependent kinematic readout in action prediction. 在动作预测中，可观察性约束了依赖于经验的运动学读数。

IF 3.6 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2026-05-17 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-026-00735-9

Qiwei Zhao, Chenglin Zhou

{"title":"Observability constrains expertise-dependent kinematic readout in action prediction.","authors":"Qiwei Zhao, Chenglin Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s41235-026-00735-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-026-00735-9","url":null,"abstract":"Human movement is variable even when the latent intention is identical, which complicates action prediction from kinematics. Although perceptual expertise often improves anticipation, it remains unclear how this benefit is modulated by intrinsic trial-to-trial fluctuations in kinematic structure. We introduce kinematic observability, operationalized as the distance of a movement instance from the optimal decision boundary in kinematic feature space. In a table-tennis action prediction task with an expert-novice paradigm, we sampled trials based on objective evidence strength rather than masking body parts. Experts outperformed novices on high-observability trials and showed readout weights more closely aligned with the optimal encoding direction. However, under low observability, the expert advantage was attenuated, accompanied by a criterion shift reflecting increased reliance on prior expectations. These results indicate that expertise improves anticipatory readout when observability is high but yields smaller benefits when trial-wise kinematic evidence is weak; under low observability, experts also shift decision criterion in a manner consistent with increased reliance on prior expectations.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13350761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Warning people about the risk of AI error mitigates human acquisition of AI bias. 警告人们人工智能出错的风险，可以减轻人类对人工智能的偏见。

IF 3.6 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2026-04-30 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-026-00726-w

Lucía Vicente, Helena Matute

{"title":"Warning people about the risk of AI error mitigates human acquisition of AI bias.","authors":"Lucía Vicente, Helena Matute","doi":"10.1186/s41235-026-00726-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-026-00726-w","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical evidence has demonstrated the power of AI to influence human decisions and the risk of humans acquiring AI biases. Therefore, there is a clear need to develop strategies to mitigate such threat. In three experiments, set in a medical context, we tested whether warning individuals about AI biases and errors could mitigate the negative impact of AI biases on their decisions and reduce the transmission of AI biases to humans. In Experiment 1, participants received explicit information about the percentage of erroneous AI recommendations but with two different framings: in terms of AI accuracy or AI risk of error. Our results showed that emphasising the risk of AI errors, more than its accuracy, reduced people's tendency to follow incorrect AI suggestions and to acquire biases from AI. In Experiment 2, a more general warning message alerting of possible AI errors and biases was also effective in reducing bias acquisition. Experiment 3 showed that, although the warning message provided some protection against bias, participants who received AI support still made more errors than participants who completed the classification task without any assistance. Experiments 2 and 3 also investigated whether the type of error made by the AI, a false positive or a false negative, influenced participants' tendency to adhere to its suggestions, and the effect of the warning message. However, no significant effects were found. Overall, our results highlight the importance of informing users about the risk of AI error rather than focusing solely on accuracy.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intuition and deliberation in elite expertise. 精英专业知识中的直觉和深思。

IF 3.6 2区心理学

Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications Pub Date : 2026-04-21 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-026-00727-9

Michael A Vidulich, Pamela S Tsang

{"title":"Intuition and deliberation in elite expertise.","authors":"Michael A Vidulich, Pamela S Tsang","doi":"10.1186/s41235-026-00727-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41235-026-00727-9","url":null,"abstract":"It has long been recognized that expert decision making entails both fast, intuitive and slower, deliberative processes. The enduring debate has to do with their relative roles. Some theories attribute the growth of expertise to the replacement of deliberative processes by intuitive perceptual recognition processes. Time pressure should have minimal effects on expert performance if intuitive processes are the primary basis for expertise. Two studies on archival data from the world's strongest chess experts participating in high-stakes time-critical international matches with different time controls were conducted. Chess moves from 20 grandmasters and seven world chess champions were examined in Studies 1 and 2, respectively. Using a within-subject design, analysis of quantifiable performance measures in both speed (move time) and decision quality (blunder propensity) provided a strong demonstration of adverse time pressure effects. Experts did not deliberate only when time pressure was low. Importantly, elite chess players were highly strategic and adaptive in their deployment of time usage that allowed them to intuit when feasible and to deliberate when necessary. The present findings demonstrate the key role of deliberative processes even at the highest levels of expertise and are inconsistent with the assertion that intuitive processes are the primary basis for expertise. Discounting the deliberate component in expert decision making in theory and in practice could have far-reaching real-world consequences.","PeriodicalId":46827,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Research-Principles and Implications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13100097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0