Philosophy of the Social Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The Return of the Repressed: Subject, Truth and Critique in Times of Post-Truth","authors":"J. Söderberg, Olle Bjurö","doi":"10.1177/00483931221126912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00483931221126912","url":null,"abstract":"The surge of post-truth calls for a reassessment of psychoanalytic and ideology critique-approaches in the social sciences. Both traditions are dismissed by the principal antagonists in the post-truth debate, the “positivist” defenders of science and the “post-modern” critics of science. The antagonists share a predisposition towards anti-humanism, refusal to distinguish between the latent and the manifest, and adherence to descriptive methods. In order to substantiate these claims, the article investigates commonalities between B.F. Skinner and Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida. The article concludes that the allegedly “pseudo-scientific” or “metaphysical” concepts of Subject and Truth, pivotal to both psychoanalysis and ideology critique-approaches, need to be rehabilitated in response to the challenge of post-truth.","PeriodicalId":46776,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"194 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45199624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replies and Responses","authors":"J. Agassi","doi":"10.1177/00483931221121673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00483931221121673","url":null,"abstract":"“The differences between Popper and Agassi come down to emphasis, to priorities rather than to views that are true or false. Take the issue of hard work. Both Popper and Agassi worked very hard.... Agassi... insists that he does not accept the ethics of hard work, does not accept, that is, that we have a duty to work as hard as we can. He sees “hard work” as a phrase meaning “slog”, meaning work you do not enjoy but which you force yourself to do. This seems to be a willful misunderstanding. Popper was not recommending ditch-digging or toilet cleaning when he counselled hard work. The work Popper was referring to was scholarship and scholarship can of course be immensely enjoyable to the scholar. Popper was a perfectionist and a pessimist. ... His pessimism shows in his view that no matter how careful one is there will always be misprints.”","PeriodicalId":46776,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"388 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43324414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Popper and Agassi at Odds","authors":"I. Jarvie","doi":"10.1177/00483931221096401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00483931221096401","url":null,"abstract":"Three main conflicts between Popper and Agassi are discussed. Over the ethics of hard work which in reality turns out to be over perfectionism and optimism. Over the role of metaphysics in science. Over methodological individualism where is it argued that Popper's views are contradictory and that Agassi' Institutionalism prevails.","PeriodicalId":46776,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"329 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45660386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rationality As A Meta-Analytical Capacity of the Human Mind: From the Social Sciences to Gödel","authors":"N. Bulle","doi":"10.1177/00483931221115345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00483931221115345","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to dominant approaches to human reason involving essentially a logical and instrumental conception of rationality easily modeled by artificial intelligence mechanisms, I argue that the specific capacities of the human mind are meta-analytic in nature, understood as irreducible to the analytic or the logical, or else the computational. Firstly, the assumption of a meta-analytical level of rationality is derived from key insights developed in various branches of the social sciences. This meta-analytical level is then inferred from Gödel’s incompleteness theorem. On these bases, and with the help of psychological approaches to consciousness, I argue that human rationality may be characterized as the capacity to make meaningful use of signs.","PeriodicalId":46776,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"167 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45857750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agassi’s Contribution to the History of Science","authors":"M. Segre","doi":"10.1177/00483931221096468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00483931221096468","url":null,"abstract":"Agassi has undertaken the challenge of performing a microanalysis of the works of several scientists, pointing out areas of complexity, raising questions, and criticizing current histories of science. Among the topics he has tackled are Bacon’s philosophy of science, Boyle’s ideology, the rationale of Galileo’s work, Newton’s declared methodology—influential, but misleading—, Faraday’s emancipatory enterprise; and the roots of the quantum revolution. He attempts to reconstruct what scientists did in the immediate context, rather than what they said they did, and highlights difficulties and points of scepticism. Agassi considers many neglected factors that influenced science, taking in the metaphysical, social, anthropological, and even psychological spheres.","PeriodicalId":46776,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"372 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43693120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agassi on Technology","authors":"W. Berkson","doi":"10.1177/00483931221096408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00483931221096408","url":null,"abstract":"Joseph Agassi's distinction and characterization of science, applied science, and technology—with invention connecting applied science and technology—has been a signal contribution. His theory of science, though, is flawed by his rejection of any role for corroboration, when corroboration in fact has guided researchers in various ways. His later, more extensive discussions of these issues, unfortunately have not advanced on his important early work.","PeriodicalId":46776,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"365 - 371"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42416648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pedagogical Perils and Promises of Critical Rationalism","authors":"R. Sassower","doi":"10.1177/00483931221096402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00483931221096402","url":null,"abstract":"The philosophical principles guiding the pedagogy of Critical Rationalism emphasize the autonomy of individual students, the democratic organization of learning institutions, and a workshop setting where mutual respect is observed by so-called masters and apprentices. This article critically outlines what undergirds this approach to pedagogy and casts some doubt on the potential of operationalizing these ideas on a grand scale and the potential psychological toll that might be exacted from both teachers and students.","PeriodicalId":46776,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"341 - 353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48138640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on Wettersten","authors":"Joseph Agassi","doi":"10.1177/00483931221100424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00483931221100424","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46776,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48304801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Michael Lynch’s Comment on “Is Representation a ‘Folk’ Term?”","authors":"M. Hammersley","doi":"10.1177/00483931221109000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00483931221109000","url":null,"abstract":"I welcome Mike Lynch’s response to my article and thank him for it. It is, perhaps, necessary to reiterate that the article was not primarily about ethnomethodology, or even about ethnomethodological work in Science and Technology Studies (STS), but about a particular line of argument – what can crudely be called radical constructionism – which has long been part of STS and continues to be influential in some quarters there, as Lynch acknowledges. My discussion of ethnomethodology in the article pointed to a parallel between this line of argument and some ethnomethodological sources; this probably stemming from the influence of the latter on the former. I have written about ethnomethodology itself at length elsewhere, in publications referenced in the article (for example Hammersley 2019). Lynch claims that I ‘lump [...] ethnomethodology together with latter-day constructionism in the anti-representationalist camp.’ I tried to make clear that I was referring to the work of some ethnomethodologists, rather than to ethnomethodology as a whole. He questions my interpretation of a quotation from Coopmans et al. (2014, 2) but what he presents as an alternative is his","PeriodicalId":46776,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"268 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49411449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative risk stratification of spine trauma patients with ankylosing spinal disorders: a comparison of 3 quantitative indices.","authors":"Nikita Lakomkin, Anthony L Mikula, Zachariah W Pinter, Elizabeth Wellings, Mohammed Ali Alvi, Kristen M Scheitler, Zach Pennington, Nathan J Lee, Brett A Freedman, Arjun S Sebastian, Jeremy L Fogelson, Mohamad Bydon, Michelle J Clarke, Benjamin D Elder","doi":"10.3171/2022.4.SPINE211449","DOIUrl":"10.3171/2022.4.SPINE211449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Patients with ankylosing spinal disorders (ASDs), including ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), have been shown to experience significantly increased rates of postoperative complications. Despite this, very few risk stratification tools have been validated for this population. As such, the purpose of this study was to identify predictors of adverse events and mortality in ASD patients undergoing surgery for 3-column fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All adult patients with a documented history of AS or DISH who underwent surgery for a traumatic 3-column fracture between 2000 and 2020 were identified. Perioperative variables, including comorbidities, time to diagnosis, and number of fused segments, were collected. Three instruments, including the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), modified frailty index (mFI), and Injury Severity Score (ISS), were computed for each patient. The primary outcomes of interest included 1-year mortality, as well as postoperative complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 108 patients were included, with a mean ± SD age of 73 ± 11 years. Of these, 41 (38%) experienced at least 1 postoperative complication and 22 (20.4%) died within 12 months after surgery. When the authors controlled for potential known confounders, the CCI score was significantly associated with postoperative adverse events (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.00-1.42, p = 0.045) and trended toward significance for mortality (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.97-1.45, p = 0.098). In contrast, mFI score and ISS were not significantly predictive of either outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Complications in spine trauma patients with ASD may be driven by comorbidity burden rather than operative or injury-related factors. The CCI may be a valuable tool for the evaluation of this unique population.</p>","PeriodicalId":46776,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of the Social Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"722-728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87194843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}