British Journal for the History of Science最新文献_第8页

Paulo Galluzzi, The Italian Renaissance of Machines Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2020. Pp. 296. ISBN 978-0-674-98439-4. £37.95 (hardcover). - ERRATUM. 保罗·加卢齐，《意大利机器文艺复兴》，马萨诸塞州剑桥：哈佛大学出版社，2020年。296页。ISBN 978-0-674-98439-4。£37.95(精装)。——错误。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001390

Renée Raphael

引用次数: 0

Atmospheres of influence: the role of journal editors in shaping early climate change narratives. 影响氛围：期刊编辑在塑造早期气候变化叙述中的作用。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-13 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001304

Robert Naylor, Eleanor Shaw

{"title":"Atmospheres of influence: the role of journal editors in shaping early climate change narratives.","authors":"Robert Naylor, Eleanor Shaw","doi":"10.1017/S0007087424001304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087424001304","url":null,"abstract":"The role of editorial staff in shaping early climate change narratives has been underexplored and deserves more attention. During the 1970s, the epistemological underpinnings of the production of knowledge on climate change were contested between scientists who favoured computer-based atmospheric simulations and those who were more interested in investigating the long-term history of climatic changes. Although the former group later became predominant in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change during the 1980s, the latter had a sizable influence over climate discourse during the 1970s. Of these, one of the key popularizers of climate discourse during the 1970s was the British climatologist Hubert Lamb (1913-97). The correspondence between Lamb and journal editors who gatekept and curated different audiences helped craft resonant messages about climate change and its potential effects, and we explore Lamb's interactions with editors of Nature, the UNESCO Courier, The Ecologist and Development Forum in the 1973-4 period. Through understanding how climate change discussion was influenced by editors, we gain an insight into how such narratives had to be adjusted to fit into pre-existing discourses before their importance was more widely established, and how these adjustments helped shape conceptualizations of climate change as a global, human-caused phenomenon and a source of universal threat.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patronage, cultural politics and the marginalization of astrology in seventeenth-century France: the case of J.-B. Morin and of his polemics with Pierre Gassendi and his circle. 赞助、文化政治和占星术在17世纪法国的边缘化：j - b。莫兰和他与皮埃尔·加桑第及其圈子的争论。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001316

Rodolfo Garau

{"title":"Patronage, cultural politics and the marginalization of astrology in seventeenth-century France: the case of J.-B. Morin and of his polemics with Pierre Gassendi and his circle.","authors":"Rodolfo Garau","doi":"10.1017/S0007087424001316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087424001316","url":null,"abstract":"During the transition from the early to the modern era, the marginalization of astrology from the learned world marked a significant shift. The causes of this phenomenon are complex and still partially obscure. For instance, some sociological interpretations have linked it to a broader shift in mentality among the gentry and bourgeoisie, while other scholars attributed the decline to the emergence of the 'new science'. Focusing on the case of Jean-Baptiste Morin (1583-1656), this paper examines the changing dynamics of patronage for what has been termed 'the last official astrologer'. It demonstrates that Morin's appointment as professor of mathematics at the Collège royal and his prominence within the French court were expressions of a cultural politics in which his patrons were deeply invested. Conversely, Morin's efforts to restore astrology lent validation to the belief systems of his patrons. The paper further analyses Morin's fall from grace during his polemics with Gassendi and his circle, highlighting the political context of the Fronde and a growing public weariness regarding the relationship between politics and astrology. Ultimately, this case study reveals that in the French context, the marginalization of astrology was not solely determined within the 'learned jurisdiction'. Instead, the shifting cultural and political investments of the ruling classes played a significant role.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":"57 4","pages":"603-622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148622063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medicine and the heavens in Padua's Faculty of Arts, 1570-1630. 帕多瓦艺术学院的医学与天堂，1570-1630年。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087422000152

Craig Martin

{"title":"Medicine and the heavens in Padua's Faculty of Arts, 1570-1630.","authors":"Craig Martin","doi":"10.1017/S0007087422000152","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087422000152","url":null,"abstract":"In the faculty of arts at the University of Padua in the years around 1600 professors debated the reliability of astrology, the existence of occult celestial influences, and the idea that celestial heat is present in living bodies. From the 1570s to the 1620s many professors in the faculty of arts pushed back against astrology and Jean Fernel's theories surrounding astral body. Girolamo Mercuriale, Alessandro Massaria and Eustachio Rudio thought that some forms of astral causation and Fernel's ideas were incompatible with their observations of disease, Aristotle's philosophy and Hippocratic theories. Later, Santorio Santorio and Cesare Cremonini, who were allied to the political circle of Paolo Sarpi, polemicized against astrology. Their writings show that at Padua medical theory was linked to Aristotelian cosmology, which emphasized the incommensurability between celestial and terrestrial elements. Their rejection of astrology, however, did not lead to the complete marginalization of astrology at Padua. By the middle of the 1620s, as the political climate changed in Venice, the University of Padua hired professors who promoted astrology and Fernel's theories about the celestial nature of innate heat. The diversity of opinions about astrology reflected Venice's divided politics and multiple approaches to interpreting Aristotle and other authorities.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"545-559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42379856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Technopolitics, development and the residues of the South African state. 论文评论：技术政治、发展和南非国家的残余。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001031

Anne Heffernan

{"title":"Technopolitics, development and the residues of the South African state.","authors":"Anne Heffernan","doi":"10.1017/S0007087424001031","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087424001031","url":null,"abstract":"It has been thirty years since the end of political apartheid in South Africa in 1994. Those decades have been marked by single-party dominance under the African National Congress (ANC), and the expansion of democratic rights and public goods like education, as well as neoliberal economic policies, growing inequality and, in recent years, corruption and maladministration scandals. On the heels of a historic election in May 2024, one which marked the end of the ANC's electoral dominance and was shaped, in part, by government mismanagement of the energy sector and extensive infrastructural decline, it is a timely moment to consider the history of South Africa's state and its relation to industries of extraction and energy production. Two new books do just that. Residual Governance: How South Africa Foretells Planetary Futures, by Gabrielle Hecht, takes a long view of the impact of extractive industries, arguing that contemporary South Africa may offer a cautionary tale of the devastating impacts of the Anthropocene, one that 'foretells planetary futures' in the way that the state has failed to reckon with the enduring communal and environmental impacts of the mining industry. Apartheid's Leviathan: Electricity and the Power of Technological Ambivalence, by Faeeza Ballim, historicizes the development of South Africa's electricity sector under the apartheid state and traces the roots of the current energy crisis back to the pursuit of authoritarian high modernism in the mid-twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"645-649"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Universal enough: the politics of nomenclature in seventeenth-century selenography. 足够普遍：17世纪月表学中的命名政治。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001377

Nydia Pineda de Ávila

{"title":"Universal enough: the politics of nomenclature in seventeenth-century selenography.","authors":"Nydia Pineda de Ávila","doi":"10.1017/S0007087424001377","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087424001377","url":null,"abstract":"Selenography was both a practice and a tool which developed through optical instrumentation in the seventeenth century. As a practice, it was the process of creating composite graphical depictions of the Moon through skill and sustained telescopic study. As a paper-based tool, the focus of this article, a selenography was a stabilized visualization and codified template for making, organizing and communicating lunar-based astronomical observations. The template's key observation and notation device was its system of named Moon spots, or lunar nomenclatures. Such systems varied significantly in different sites of knowledge making. Through the close study of two naming schemes produced and exchanged in Counter-Reformation contexts by Michael van Langren (1645) and Giovanni Battista Riccioli in collaboration with Maria Francesco Grimaldi (1651), this essay argues that selenographies were conceived with an eye to ideals of universal standardization for collective and even global observation. In practice, however, different forms of universality, revealing distinct local agendas tied to political and religious priorities, were materialized in each competing scheme.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"623-643"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regiomontanus's Paduan lecture of 1464, the Byzantine intellectual heritage and the Graeco-Arabic roots of astronomical studies in early modern Italy. Regiomontanus 1464年在帕多瓦的演讲，拜占庭的知识遗产以及近代早期意大利天文学研究的希腊-阿拉伯根源。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001432

Alberto Bardi

{"title":"Regiomontanus's Paduan lecture of 1464, the Byzantine intellectual heritage and the Graeco-Arabic roots of astronomical studies in early modern Italy.","authors":"Alberto Bardi","doi":"10.1017/S0007087424001432","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087424001432","url":null,"abstract":"The inaugural lecture, or oration, delivered by Regiomontanus at the University of Padua in 1464 is deemed a document of remarkable significance in the history of science. Although it has attracted much scholarly attention, few efforts have been directed towards identifying the traces of Byzantine influence it might carry; that is to say, the extent to which Regiomontanus might have been influenced by the views of his patron, Bessarion. This paper responds to the need for such a study, arriving at the following conclusions. First, Regiomontanus's praise of astrology is in line with Bessarion's reaction to the official decisions taken against astrology in Constantinople at the Council of 1351 - decisions which were ultimately rooted in the hesychast controversy and in the confessional struggles between the Churches of Constantinople and Rome. Second, the legitimation of the Graeco-Arabic roots of astronomy in an institutional context, as undertaken by Regiomontanus, is in accordance with the intellectual influences Bessarion had absorbed in his youth in Constantinople. Third, contrary to some claims, it is likely that Regiomontanus does not adhere to a humanist anti-Arab agenda; rather, his views on the history of mathematics are a consequence of the Graeco-Arabic heritage of his patron, and of his lack of access to Arabic translations.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"529-544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why we fight about science. 论文评论：我们为何为科学而战？

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001237

William Thomas

引用次数: 0

Arguing about the stars on the southern side of the confessional divide. 简介：关于忏悔分界线南侧的星星的争论。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001444

Rodolfo Garau, Pietro Daniel Omodeo

引用次数: 0

How the Glaishers pictured snowflakes. Glaishers 如何描绘雪花。