British Journal for the History of Science最新文献_第8页

Dylan Mulvin, Proxies: The Cultural Work of Standing In London: MIT Press, 2021. Pp. 228. ISBN 978-0-2620-4514-8. £40.00 (paperback). - CORRIGENDUM. 迪伦·马尔文，代理:站在伦敦的文化工作:麻省理工学院出版社，2021年。228页。ISBN 978-0-2620-4514-8。£40.00(平装)。应改正的错误。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000249

Harry Law

引用次数: 1

Picturing Chinese science: wartime photographs in Joseph Needham's science diplomacy. 描绘中国科学:李约瑟科学外交中的战时照片。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000110

Gordon Barrett

{"title":"Picturing Chinese science: wartime photographs in Joseph Needham's science diplomacy.","authors":"Gordon Barrett","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087423000110","url":null,"abstract":"Joseph Needham occupies a central position in the historical narrative underpinning the most influential practitioner-derived definition of 'science diplomacy'. The brief biographical sketch produced by the Royal Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science sets Needham's activities in the Second World War as an exemplar of a science diplomacy. This article critically reconsiders Needham's wartime activities, shedding light on the roles played by photographs in those diplomatic activities and his onward dissemination of them as part of his self-fashioning. Images were important to the British biochemist, and he was an avid amateur photographer himself, amassing a unique collection of hundreds of images relating to science, technology and medicine in wartime China during his time working as director of the Sino-British Science Co-operation Office. These included ones produced by China's Nationalist Party-led government, and by the Chinese Communist Party. Focusing on these photographs, this article examines the way Joseph Needham used his experiences to underpin claims to authority which, together with the breadth of his networks, enabled him to establish himself as an international interlocutor. All three aspects formed essential parts of his science diplomacy.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":"56 2","pages":"185-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10168279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Satellite images as tools of visual diplomacy: NASA's ozone hole visualizations and the Montreal Protocol negotiations. 卫星图像作为视觉外交的工具:美国宇航局的臭氧空洞可视化和蒙特利尔议定书谈判。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S000708742300002X

Sebastian V Grevsmühl Régis Briday

{"title":"Satellite images as tools of visual diplomacy: NASA's ozone hole visualizations and the Montreal Protocol negotiations.","authors":"Sebastian V Grevsmühl, Régis Briday","doi":"10.1017/S000708742300002X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S000708742300002X","url":null,"abstract":"On 16 September 1987, the main chlorofluorocarbon-producing and -consuming countries signed the Montreal Protocol, despite the absence of a scientific consensus on the mechanisms of ozone depletion over Antarctica. We argue in this article that the rapid diffusion from late 1985 onwards of satellite images showing the Antarctic ozone hole played a significant role in this diplomatic outcome. Whereas negotiators claimed that they chose to deliberately ignore the Antarctic ozone hole during the negotiations since no theory was able yet to explain it, the images still loomed large for many of the actors involved. In Western countries, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) satellite visualizations were diffused through the general press and television stations. Other popular and mass media outlets followed quickly. In describing the circulation and appropriation processes of these images within and beyond the scientific and negotiation arenas, we show that the ozone hole images did play an important part in ozone diplomacy in the two years leading up to the signing of the Montreal Protocol, both in the expert and diplomatic arenas and as public diplomacy tools. We conclude by encouraging scholars to engage with new visual archives and to contribute to the development of the vibrant new field of research on visual diplomacy.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":"56 2","pages":"247-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9778260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Showcasing the international atom: the IAEA Bulletin as a visual science diplomacy instrument, 1958-1962. 展示国际原子:作为视觉科学外交工具的原子能机构公报，1958-1962年。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000055

Matthew Adamson

引用次数: 0

The visual diplomacy of cancer treatments: the mediatic legacy of the Curies in the early transnational fight against cancer. 癌症治疗的视觉外交:居里夫妇在早期跨国抗癌斗争中的调解遗产。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000109

Beatriz Medori

{"title":"The visual diplomacy of cancer treatments: the mediatic legacy of the Curies in the early transnational fight against cancer.","authors":"Beatriz Medori","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087423000109","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the role played by members of the Curie family in the visual diplomacy of cancer treatments. This relationship started in 1921, when Marie Curie travelled to the US, accompanied by her two daughters, Ève and Irène, to receive a gram of radium at the White House from President Warren Harding. In the years that followed, Ève Curie, as the biographer and natural heir of radium discoverers Marie and Pierre Curie, continued to contribute to the visual diplomacy of cancer campaigning. Two events will be analysed through an interdisciplinary lens, merging history of science and visual-diplomacy studies, to show how the legacy of the Curies played out in the international consolidation of pre-war transnational alliances in the fight against cancer. One involves the picture of the chargé d'affaires of the France Republic, Jules Henry, receiving the biography authored by Ève, Madame Curie, at the French embassy in Washington. The other concerns the photograph of Ève visiting the Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO) in 1940, which was immediately reproduced in the Institute's bulletin in order to raise awareness of cancer prevention strategies, and also captured in film as a propaganda tool for the Estado Novo regime (1933-74).","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":"56 2","pages":"167-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9847783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Representing noise: stacked plots and the contrasting diplomatic ambitions of radio astronomy and post-punk. 代表噪音:堆叠的情节和对比鲜明的射电天文学和后朋克外交野心。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000122

Simone Turchetti

{"title":"Representing noise: stacked plots and the contrasting diplomatic ambitions of radio astronomy and post-punk.","authors":"Simone Turchetti","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087423000122","url":null,"abstract":"Sketched in 1979 by graphic designer Peter Saville, the record sleeve of Joy Division's Unknown Pleasures seemingly popularized one of the most celebrated radio-astronomical images: the 'stacked plot' of radio signals from a pulsar. However, the sleeve's designer did not have this promotion in mind. Instead, he deliberately muddled the message it originally conveyed in a typical post-punk act of artistic sabotage. In reconstructing the historical events associated with this subversive effort, this essay explores how, after its adoption as an imaging device utilized in radio astronomy, the stacked plot gave representation to the diplomacy agendas of two distinct groups. The post-punk reworking of the stacked plot exemplified the ambition of this artistic movement to attack the images associated with social conventions and norms by amplifying their 'semantic noise', and, in so doing, seeking to negotiate a social space for those sharing these subversive goals. Conversely, radio astronomers used the stacked plot to display the presence of interfering radio transmitters in the frequencies exclusively allocated to astronomical research, thus advocating the removal of this electronic noise in the context of international telecommunication negotiations. The article thus shows how the representation of different types of noise through similar images shaped contrasting ambitions in the separate domains of science diplomacy and everyday diplomacy.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":"56 2","pages":"225-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10169349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cesare Cremonini's non-theological cosmology: a contribution to Padua's secular culture in times of wars of religion. 切萨雷·克雷莫尼尼的非神学宇宙论:宗教战争时期对帕多瓦世俗文化的贡献。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000134

Pietro Daniel Omodeo

{"title":"Cesare Cremonini's non-theological cosmology: a contribution to Padua's secular culture in times of wars of religion.","authors":"Pietro Daniel Omodeo","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087423000134","url":null,"abstract":"This essay deals with the cultural-political motivations behind the cosmological conceptions of the Padua Aristotelian Cesare Cremonini (1550-1631). A defender of the interests of the university against Jesuit teachings, and one of the philosophers who was most frequently scrutinized by the Inquisition, he was an important actor in Venetian cultural politics during the years of European religious conflict that culminated in the Thirty Years War. In those years, he was officially titled 'protector' of the multi-confessional German Nation of Artists, one of the largest groups of foreign students at the University of Padua, and had to act as mediator in cases of conflict. His efforts to keep teaching free from religious concerns is reflected by his commitment to pursue philosophical and cosmological inquiries without engaging in revealed theology. In particular, his strict adherence to Aristotelian cosmology proved to be at odds with central Christian dogmas as it relinquished, among other concepts, the ideas of Creation and divine Providence. I argue that this position of Cremonini's fostered a tolerant and universalistic attitude in line with a secular programme that could enable cross-confessional coexistence in a cosmopolitan institution like Padua.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9475506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How did a Lutheran astronomer get converted into a Catholic authority? The Jesuits and their reception of Tycho Brahe in Portugal. 一个路德教派的天文学家是如何转变成天主教权威的?耶稣会士和他们在葡萄牙接待第谷·布拉赫。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-05-02 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000092

Luís Miguel Carolino

{"title":"How did a Lutheran astronomer get converted into a Catholic authority? The Jesuits and their reception of Tycho Brahe in Portugal.","authors":"Luís Miguel Carolino","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087423000092","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the complex process of integrating Tycho Brahe's theories into the Jesuit intellectual framework through focusing on the international community of professors who taught mathematics at the College of Saint Anthony (Colégio de Santo Antão), Lisbon, during the first half of the seventeenth century. Historians have conceived the reception of the Tychonic system as a straightforward process motivated by the developments of early modern astronomy. Nevertheless, this paper argues that the cultural politics of the Counter-Reformation Church curbed the reception of Tycho Brahe within the Jesuit milieu. Despite supporting the Tychonic geo-heliocentric system, which they explicitly conceived of as a 'compromise' between the ancient Ptolemy and the modern Copernicus, and making recourse to some of the cosmological ideas produced in Tycho's Protestant milieu, the Jesuits strove to confine the authority of the Lutheran astronomer to the domain of mathematics. Philosophy was expected to remain the realm of Catholic orthodoxy. Thus, while Tycho Brahe entered the pantheon of 'Jesuit' authorities, he nonetheless was not granted the absolute status of intellectual authority. This case demonstrates how the impact of confessionalization reached well beyond the formal processes of science censorship.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9387674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The winter of raw computers: the history of the lunar and planetary reductions of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. 原始计算机的冬天：格林威治皇家天文台月球和行星测量的历史。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000018

Daniel Belteki

引用次数: 0

Commercial television and primate ethology: facial expressions between Granada and London Zoo. 商业电视与灵长类动物人种学：格拉纳达与伦敦动物园之间的面部表情。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087422000437

Miles Kempton

{"title":"Commercial television and primate ethology: facial expressions between Granada and London Zoo.","authors":"Miles Kempton","doi":"10.1017/S0007087422000437","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087422000437","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the significant relationship that existed between commercial British television and the study of animal behaviour. Ethological research provided important content for the new television channel, at the same time as that coverage played a substantial role in creating a new research specialism, the study of primate facial expressions, for this emergent scientific discipline. The key site in this was a television and film unit at London Zoo administered by the Zoological Society and Granada TV. The Granada unit produced 'Animal expressions', a twenty-five-minute television film based on research on monkeys and apes by the Dutch postgraduate student and soon-to-be-leading-authority Jan van Hooff. Recovering the production and multiple uses of 'Animal expressions', this paper offers the first sustained historical analysis of science on commercial television. I show how Granada patronage helped Van Hooff to support his argument that human expressions such as smiling and laughter shared common evolutionary origins with similar facial movements in nonhuman primates. Emphasizing the mutual shaping of science and ITV, I argue that 'Animal expressions' repurposed televisual conventions of framing talking heads, and blended serious science with the comedy of 'funny faces', thereby epitomizing Granada's public-service strategy at a time when commercial television was defending itself from criticism in the Pilkington report.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"83-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10380762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0