British Journal for the History of Science最新文献

Showcasing Germany in space: the lives and afterlives of Cold War rocket stars Sigmund Jähn and Ulf Merbold. 在太空中展示德国：冷战火箭明星西格蒙德Jähn和乌尔夫·默博尔德的生前和死后。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000329

Tilmann Siebeneichner

引用次数: 0

The trope of the microscope in nineteenth-century India. 19世纪印度的显微镜比喻。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000366

David Arnold

{"title":"The trope of the microscope in nineteenth-century India.","authors":"David Arnold","doi":"10.1017/S0007087425000366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087425000366","url":null,"abstract":"Of all the many instruments that symbolized scientific endeavour in British India by the end of the nineteenth century, microscopes were among the most iconic, and yet, for both empirical and ideological reasons, their rise to scientific authority was slow and often contested. Moving from recreational use and marginal scientific status in the 1830s, by the 1870s microscopes were becoming integral to colonial education and governance and deployed across a wide scientific spectrum, their expanding use and heightened public presence facilitated by a rich and diverse visual culture. The eventual triumph of the microscope in India cannot be detached from its ongoing entanglement with local issues and agencies, its ascent to medical authority in particular constrained by scepticism about its utility. In this battle of instruments and imaginaries, microscopes - political emblems as well as material objects and scientific tools - pose critical questions about the visibility of science in a colonial context, about evolving techniques of seeing and representation, about the racialization of science and about the individual or collective authority of those who sought empowerment through the lens.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Crossing boundaries, forging unity: nuclear medicine and science diplomacy in Cold War Europe. 跨越国界，锻造团结：冷战时期欧洲的核医学与科学外交。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000317

Johannes Mattes, Cécile Philippe

{"title":"Crossing boundaries, forging unity: nuclear medicine and science diplomacy in Cold War Europe.","authors":"Johannes Mattes, Cécile Philippe","doi":"10.1017/S0007087425000317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087425000317","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the emergence of nuclear medicine as a clinical research field in post-war Europe, focusing on the shaping of its disciplinary boundaries in the context of geopolitical divisions. It examines how this speciality was negotiated and established, highlighting the role of international exchanges involving researchers, radioisotopes and technologies. By bringing together physicists, radiologists and internists, nuclear medicine gained momentum in the 1950s, leading to the formation of first dedicated scientific societies, conferences and journals. Physicians working in Austria played an influential role in this identity-building process on the European level. They benefited from the networks of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna, the country's political neutrality and their early emphasis on thyroid diseases. We argue that nuclear medicine emerged out of scientific-diplomatic practices that unified this diverse field of research while also setting it apart from more established clinical specialities. We will trace how physicians and medical facilities in Austria came into play as partners on both sides of the Iron Curtain and navigated these intertwined diplomatic and disciplinary dynamics, facilitating intra-European cooperation on epistemic, political and social levels.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The prophet business: Arthur C. Clarke, Sri Lanka and the making of a global space persona. 先知事业：亚瑟·c·克拉克、斯里兰卡和全球太空人物的塑造。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000299

David Skogerboe, David Baneke

引用次数: 0

A family moss craze: learning, reading and skill development in a botanical and domestic network in early nineteenth-century England and Wales. 家庭苔藓热潮：19世纪早期英格兰和威尔士植物学和家庭网络中的学习、阅读和技能发展。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000378

Brad Scott

{"title":"A family moss craze: learning, reading and skill development in a botanical and domestic network in early nineteenth-century England and Wales.","authors":"Brad Scott","doi":"10.1017/S0007087425000378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087425000378","url":null,"abstract":"Between 1814 and 1826 four members of the family of Jane Talbot and her cousin William Henry Fox Talbot had an active and varied interest in the study of mosses, which included the collecting, drawing and naming of specimens. This article explores the textures of their developing practice of learning natural history, and considers their activities within the framework of the circulation of knowledge, their reading and skill development, and the networks that supported them. Their social status and connections provided access to the expertise of numerous British botanists, including Lewis Weston Dillwyn, William Jackson Hooker, and James Dalton, placing the family as a locus of knowledge (re)production and transmission. This work illustrates the pedagogical practices of an elite group as they engaged with botany in a domestic setting, and makes suggestions as to their motivations and stimulations, as well as the conditions that maintained or diminished their interest. At a time when mosses were little-studied even by professed botanists, it demonstrates how a family group including many young women filled their leisure pursuits with these small plants, and reveals how an extended family with no previous expertise in formal botany could be actors in early nineteenth-century knowledge exchange.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leapfrogging India: Vikram Sarabhai and the developmental promise of geocentric space flight. 跨越式的印度：Vikram Sarabhai和以地球为中心的太空飞行的发展承诺。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000287

Haitian Ma

{"title":"Leapfrogging India: Vikram Sarabhai and the developmental promise of geocentric space flight.","authors":"Haitian Ma","doi":"10.1017/S0007087425000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087425000287","url":null,"abstract":"Historical accounts of the Indian space programme inevitably invoke the figure of Vikram Sarabhai (1919-71), credited as the father of its early development in the 1960s. A physicist by training, Sarabhai was best known for his 'leapfrogging' vision, into which social applications of space technology would catapult developing countries out of poverty. By interrogating official and unofficial records, speeches, cinematic productions and obituaries, this article examines how Indian leadership utilized Sarabhai's persona to substantiate the role of space flight in the nation's domestic modernization and geopolitical leverage. Especially after his death in 1971, the making of Sarabhai into the pioneer of Indian space flight allowed India to fashion a geocentric appeal specific to its space programme, which construed the benefits of low-earth-orbit satellite communication to tackle unequal development. In the 1990s, Sarabhai's image was further appropriated by international powers and actors to propagate the commercialization of satellite systems. Despite its elitist outlook and subscription to received notions of nationhood and modernity, a closer look into the public resonance of Sarabhai's persona reveals how the geocentric promise of space flight in the Indian context contributed to the formation of post-1960s astroculture globally.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

History of science in Aotearoa New Zealand. 新西兰奥特亚罗瓦科学史。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001547

Ruth Barton

引用次数: 0

A tradition from the ancestors. 这是祖先的传统。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000214

James A Secord

引用次数: 0

Experimental bioclimatology and prospects of agricultural modernization at the CNRS phytotron, France, 1953-1988. 法国CNRS phytotron实验生物气候学与农业现代化展望，1953-1988。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001535

Lucie Gerber

{"title":"Experimental bioclimatology and prospects of agricultural modernization at the CNRS phytotron, France, 1953-1988.","authors":"Lucie Gerber","doi":"10.1017/S0007087424001535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087424001535","url":null,"abstract":"Built in Gif-sur-Yvette in the 1950s, the phytotron of the Centre national de la recherche scientifique provided plant physiologists with a set of enclosed growth rooms in which several climatic constituents of the environment could be simultaneously and separately controlled. This article examines the polyvalence of the French phytotron to explore the economic and political entanglements of experimental reasoning in mid-twentieth-century plant physiology. As Gif scientists embraced phytotrons as a means for developing an 'experimental bioclimatology', not only did they introduce into the laboratory an understanding of climate as a complex of agents likely to affect plant life, but also they sought to map scientific findings on productive pursuits during a period of intense agricultural modernization. The horticultural and agronomic applications envisaged were aimed at the timing of climate-sensitive biological events, but also at the expansion of productive areas within and outside metropolitan France, particularly in the context of late colonial and international dry-land development agendas. This case study of phytotronists' agricultural imagination highlights a techno-scientific conception of climate steeped in biology, tied to the limits and potential of plant life in time and space, and regarded as either a deficiency to be corrected or a resource to be harnessed.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Commerce and modern reproduction. 商业和现代再生产。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000019

Salim Al-Gailani

引用次数: 0