British Journal for the History of Science最新文献_第2页

Leapfrogging India: Vikram Sarabhai and the developmental promise of geocentric space flight. 跨越式的印度：Vikram Sarabhai和以地球为中心的太空飞行的发展承诺。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000287

Haitian Ma

{"title":"Leapfrogging India: Vikram Sarabhai and the developmental promise of geocentric space flight.","authors":"Haitian Ma","doi":"10.1017/S0007087425000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087425000287","url":null,"abstract":"Historical accounts of the Indian space programme inevitably invoke the figure of Vikram Sarabhai (1919-71), credited as the father of its early development in the 1960s. A physicist by training, Sarabhai was best known for his 'leapfrogging' vision, into which social applications of space technology would catapult developing countries out of poverty. By interrogating official and unofficial records, speeches, cinematic productions and obituaries, this article examines how Indian leadership utilized Sarabhai's persona to substantiate the role of space flight in the nation's domestic modernization and geopolitical leverage. Especially after his death in 1971, the making of Sarabhai into the pioneer of Indian space flight allowed India to fashion a geocentric appeal specific to its space programme, which construed the benefits of low-earth-orbit satellite communication to tackle unequal development. In the 1990s, Sarabhai's image was further appropriated by international powers and actors to propagate the commercialization of satellite systems. Despite its elitist outlook and subscription to received notions of nationhood and modernity, a closer look into the public resonance of Sarabhai's persona reveals how the geocentric promise of space flight in the Indian context contributed to the formation of post-1960s astroculture globally.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

History of science in Aotearoa New Zealand. 新西兰奥特亚罗瓦科学史。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001547

Ruth Barton

引用次数: 0

A tradition from the ancestors. 这是祖先的传统。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000214

James A Secord

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Experimental bioclimatology and prospects of agricultural modernization at the CNRS phytotron, France, 1953-1988. 法国CNRS phytotron实验生物气候学与农业现代化展望，1953-1988。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001535

Lucie Gerber

{"title":"Experimental bioclimatology and prospects of agricultural modernization at the CNRS phytotron, France, 1953-1988.","authors":"Lucie Gerber","doi":"10.1017/S0007087424001535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087424001535","url":null,"abstract":"Built in Gif-sur-Yvette in the 1950s, the phytotron of the Centre national de la recherche scientifique provided plant physiologists with a set of enclosed growth rooms in which several climatic constituents of the environment could be simultaneously and separately controlled. This article examines the polyvalence of the French phytotron to explore the economic and political entanglements of experimental reasoning in mid-twentieth-century plant physiology. As Gif scientists embraced phytotrons as a means for developing an 'experimental bioclimatology', not only did they introduce into the laboratory an understanding of climate as a complex of agents likely to affect plant life, but also they sought to map scientific findings on productive pursuits during a period of intense agricultural modernization. The horticultural and agronomic applications envisaged were aimed at the timing of climate-sensitive biological events, but also at the expansion of productive areas within and outside metropolitan France, particularly in the context of late colonial and international dry-land development agendas. This case study of phytotronists' agricultural imagination highlights a techno-scientific conception of climate steeped in biology, tied to the limits and potential of plant life in time and space, and regarded as either a deficiency to be corrected or a resource to be harnessed.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Commerce and modern reproduction. 商业和现代再生产。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000019

Salim Al-Gailani

引用次数: 0

The rise and fall of applied science in Britain. 英国应用科学的兴衰。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000172

Paul Lucier

引用次数: 0

Picturing evolution. 想象的进化。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000196

Jim Endersby

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Johann Christoph Sturm's eclectic scientific method and his indebtedness to Francis Bacon. 约翰·克里斯托夫·斯特姆不拘一格的科学方法以及他对弗朗西斯·培根的感激。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000160

Christian Henkel

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Humus gnosis: soil fertility, research and funding in the life of Sir Albert Howard. 腐殖质诊断：艾伯特·霍华德爵士一生中的土壤肥力、研究和资助。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001468

Tad Brown

{"title":"Humus gnosis: soil fertility, research and funding in the life of Sir Albert Howard.","authors":"Tad Brown","doi":"10.1017/S0007087424001468","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087424001468","url":null,"abstract":"Sir Albert Howard helped popularize the idea of translating 'Eastern' practice into 'Western' science in the field of agriculture. His approach to composting has been foundational to organic farming and counterposed with the field of agricultural chemistry. This depiction of feuding ideologies - organic versus chemical - is based largely on Howard's opposition to the fragmentation of scientific knowledge and its products, especially artificial fertilizer. One underexplored aspect of Howard's contest with the agricultural research establishment is the role played by intellectual property. This article contributes to Howard's historiography by examining three topics related to his life's work that concern money and patents: (1) the financial support for the Institute of Plant Industry at Indore, (2) an artificial manure patented by employees at Rothamsted Experimental Station and (3) a rival method in British municipal composting. I argue that Howard's ideological difference with agricultural chemists was not reducible to generating soil fertility with compost. Rather, the feud consisted of a larger debate about innovation, ownership and the societal benefits of scientific research.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is astrology universal? Early modern globalization and the disruption of traditional knowledge. 占星术是世界性的吗？早期现代全球化与传统知识的中断。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000159

Luís Campos Ribeiro

{"title":"Is astrology universal? Early modern globalization and the disruption of traditional knowledge.","authors":"Luís Campos Ribeiro","doi":"10.1017/S0007087425000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087425000159","url":null,"abstract":"The maritime expansion of the early modern period and the discovery of new continents necessitated a profound revision in traditional cosmology, bringing into question the millennia-old practices that were framed around that cosmology. Among these practices was astrology, which in the early modern period reached an unprecedented level of popularity through the development of the printing press. The application of the astrological corpus in tropical and southern latitudes questioned many of the foundational Ptolemaic concepts. At the core of this problem was the reversal of the seasons in the southern hemisphere. Since Ptolemy had firmly grounded the natural explanation of astrological attributes of the zodiac and the planets on the seasonal qualities, their reversal would imply a complete change in the zodiacal and planetary properties. Authors such as Girolamo Cardano, Tommaso Campanella and Athanasius Kircher addressed this matter, but it never became a central point of debate in the astrological literature of the period. However, practitioners in the New World, whose empirical view was very different to that of European authors, reached different conclusions. This problem offers an example of the difficulty in reconciling traditional authority with new knowledge. At the same time, it exposes the sharp contrast between the theoretical perspective of Europe-based authors and the actual experience of astrologers practising in the New World.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0