British Journal for the History of Science最新文献_第3页

The art of gathering: histories of international scientific conferences. 聚会的艺术：国际科学会议的历史。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000638

Charlotte Bigg, Jessica Reinisch, Geert Somsen, Sven Widmalm

引用次数: 0

Negotiating the norms of an international science: standardization work at the International Geological Congress, 1878-1891. 国际科学准则的谈判：1878-1891 年国际地质大会的标准化工作。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000304

Thomas Mougey

{"title":"Negotiating the norms of an international science: standardization work at the International Geological Congress, 1878-1891.","authors":"Thomas Mougey","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000304","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087423000304","url":null,"abstract":"In the second half of the nineteenth century, geologists created the International Geological Congress (IGC) to achieve the methodological and terminological uniformity that they thought their science lacked. Their desire to standardize their practice and their use of the conference to do so was neither new nor unique. Although late nineteenth-century international conferences have been recognized as important arenas of standardization, relatively little is known of the ways in which conferences organized standardization negotiations. This article aims to fill this gap by exploring how the IGC practically and socially organized standardization work. It appears that the session hall was not the sole and not even the main stage of geological standard-setting. The standardization process was also enacted through comparative study and informal exchanges that regular visits to purpose-built comparative geological exhibitions made possible. Relying on a sophisticated apparatus of commissions and subcommittees, the IGC also socially organized standards negotiation beyond the space and time of the triennial sessions. By tracing the material, spatial and social practices engineered through the IGC to serve geological standardization, this article unboxes the conference process and in so doing enriches our understanding of the period's wave of standardization.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10155320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

'The goddess that we serve': projecting international community at the first serial chemistry conferences, 1893-1914. “我们服务的女神”：在1893-1914年的第一次系列化学会议上向国际社会展示。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000341

Geert Somsen

{"title":"'The goddess that we serve': projecting international community at the first serial chemistry conferences, 1893-1914.","authors":"Geert Somsen","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000341","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087423000341","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of conferences in the late nineteenth century significantly changed the ways in which the international scientific community functioned and experienced itself. In the early modern Republic of Letters, savants mainly related through print and correspondence, and apart from at local and later national levels, scholars rarely met. International conferences, by contrast, brought scientists together regularly, in the flesh and in great numbers. Their previously imagined community now became tangible. This paper examines how conferencing reshaped the collective of international scientists by zooming in on the massive meetings of the International Congress of Applied Chemistry, 1893-1914. Drawing on Emile Durkheim's studies of religious gatherings it analyses the ritualization of routine conference practices, such as plenary ceremonies, toasts, ladies' programmes and committee meetings. It looks at how roles were distributed as participants performed as hosts and guests, and in masculine and feminine and national and international identities. Importantly, it shows both how the sacralization of chemistry as a higher aim served to instil senses of dedication in order to organize labour and mitigate conflict, and how the self-perception of the international chemical community was based on contemporary understandings of parliament, democracy and representation.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Communicating science, mediating presence: reflections on the present, past and future of conferencing. 传播科学，调解存在：对会议的现在、过去和未来的思考。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000365

Charlotte Bigg

引用次数: 0

Negotiating conservation and competition: national parks and 'victory-over-communism' diplomacy in South Korea. 谈判保护和竞争:韩国的国家公园和“战胜共产主义”外交。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000316

Jaehwan Hyun

{"title":"Negotiating conservation and competition: national parks and 'victory-over-communism' diplomacy in South Korea.","authors":"Jaehwan Hyun","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087423000316","url":null,"abstract":"Focusing on South Korean biologists and their efforts to establish national parks in the 1960s and 1970s, I illuminate the ways in which they negotiated their relationship with the ecological diplomacy of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the anti-communist and developmentalist diplomacy of the South Korean government. To justify their activities, these South Korean biologists emphasized the importance of nature conservation activities in the competition for international recognition and economic development with their northern counterparts. The national-park initiative was thus subsumed into the politics of this legitimacy competition between the two Koreas, or what I call 'victory-over-communism' diplomacy. The IUCN's influence over South Korea was limited to the extent that both the government and scientists recognized the diplomatic merit they could gain in the context of their Cold War competition and developmentalism. It is also shown how, during the short detente period of the two Koreas, South Korean biologists used victory-over-communism diplomacy to renew their government's attention to their activities. This Korean episode contributes to the wider perspective of decentralizing the Cold War history of environmental diplomacy in the free-world bloc by illustrating the importance of its entanglement with the Cold War politics surrounding Asian developmentalism.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10210401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What mysteries lay in spore: taxonomy, data, and the internationalization of mycology in Saccardo's Sylloge Fungorum. 孢子的奥秘在于：分类、数据和萨卡多的Sylloge Fungorum真菌学的国际化。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000158

Brad Bolman

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Jodhpur and the aeroplane: aviation and diplomacy in an Indian state 1924-1952. 焦特布尔与飞机:1924-1952年印度某邦的航空与外交。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000298

Aashique Ahmed Iqbal

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A plague of weasels and ticks: animal introduction, ecological disaster, and the balance of nature in Jamaica, 1870-1900. 黄鼠狼和蜱虫的瘟疫：1870-1900年牙买加的动物引入、生态灾难和自然平衡。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000286

Matthew Holmes

{"title":"A plague of weasels and ticks: animal introduction, ecological disaster, and the balance of nature in Jamaica, 1870-1900.","authors":"Matthew Holmes","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000286","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087423000286","url":null,"abstract":"Towards the end of the nineteenth century, British colonists in Jamaica became increasingly exasperated by the damage caused to their sugar plantations by rats. In 1872, a British planter attempted to solve this problem by introducing the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata). The animals, however, turned on Jamaica's insectivorous birds and reptiles, leading to an explosion in the tick population. This paper situates the mongoose catastrophe as a closing chapter in the history of the nineteenth-century acclimatization movement. While foreign observers saw the introduction of the mongoose as a cautionary tale, caricaturing British Jamaica as overrun by a plague of weasels and ticks, British colonists, administrators and naturalists - identifying a gradual decline of both populations - argued that the 'balance of nature' would eventually reassert itself. As this paper argues, through this dubious claim they were attempting to retrospectively rationalize or justify the introductions and their disastrous aftermath. This strategy enabled them to gloss over the lasting ecological damage caused by the mongoose, and allowed its adherents to continue their uncritical support of both the Jamaican plantation economy and animal introductions in the British Empire.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10042444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transformations: the material representation of historical experiments in science teaching. 转化：科学教学中历史实验的物质表现。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000274

Peter Heering

{"title":"Transformations: the material representation of historical experiments in science teaching.","authors":"Peter Heering","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000274","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087423000274","url":null,"abstract":"Some experiments from the history of physics became so famous that they not only made it into the textbook canon but were transformed into lecture demonstration performances and student laboratory activities in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. While, at first glance, some of these demonstrations as well as the related instruments do resemble their historical ancestors, a closer examination reveals significant differences both in the instruments themselves and in the practices and meanings associated with them. In this paper, I analyse the relation between the research instruments and the respective teaching demonstrations. In doing so, I particularly distinguish between demonstrations that address the process of the actual experimental procedures, and those that focus on the outcome or results (the product) of the experiment. This distinction will be illustrated in some exemplary case studies from the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth in which both the historical experiment and the related educational devices are analysed. The tension between the historical experiment on the one hand, and the different variants of the teaching version on the other, result in the educational as well as epistemological problems that are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9946841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From museumization to decolonization: fostering critical dialogues in the history of science with a Haida eagle mask. 从博物馆化到非殖民化：戴着海达鹰面具促进科学史上的批判性对话。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000043

Efram Sera-Shriar

{"title":"From museumization to decolonization: fostering critical dialogues in the history of science with a Haida eagle mask.","authors":"Efram Sera-Shriar","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000043","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087423000043","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the process from museumization to decolonization through an examination of a Haida eagle mask currently on display in the Exploring Medicine gallery at the Science Museum in London. While elements of this discussion are well developed in some disciplines, such as Indigenous studies, anthropology and museum and heritage studies, this paper approaches the topic through the history of science, where decolonization and global perspectives are still gaining momentum. The aim therefore is to offer some opening perspectives and methods on how historians of science can use the ideas and approaches relating to decolonization in other fields, and apply them constructively to the history of science, particularly in museum settings. Decolonization is a complicated process and the focus of this paper is squarely on the preliminary steps of its implementation. To understand this process fully, the paper will recontextualize the Indigenous history of the Haida eagle mask at the Science Museum through a careful reconstruction of its provenance record. Through this process it will expose the politics of erasure and hidden voices in museum collections.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10837962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0