British Journal for the History of Science最新文献_第7页

Van Leeuwenhoek - the film: remaking memory in Dutch science cinema 1925-c.1960. 范·列文虎克-电影：在荷兰科学电影中重塑记忆1925-c.1960。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S000708742300016X

Mieneke Te Hennepe

{"title":"Van Leeuwenhoek - the film: remaking memory in Dutch science cinema 1925-c.1960.","authors":"Mieneke Te Hennepe","doi":"10.1017/S000708742300016X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S000708742300016X","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how the production, content and reception of the film Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1924) influenced the historical framing of science. The film features microcinematography by the pioneering Dutch filmmaker Jan Cornelis Mol (1891-1954), and was part of a dynamic process of commemorating seventeenth-century microscopy and bacteriology through an early instance of visual re-creation - a new way of using scientific material heritage, and of enabling audiences to supposedly observe the world of microscopic organisms in just the same way as the Dutch scientist Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) had observed them for himself. Knowledge transfer concerning material culture, around both historical and contemporary instruments, was the determining factor in the microcinematography practices applied in this film. The production and experience of the film also mirrored the seventeenth-century process of experimentation, playing with optics, and visualizing an entirely new and unknown world. Unlike other biographical science films of the 1920s, Antony van Leeuwenhoek featured abstract depictions of time and movement that allowed the audience to connect the history of science with microcinematography, contributing to the memory of Van Leeuwenhoek's work as the origins of bacteriology in the process.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"329-349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9491611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction: Power to the image! Science, technology and visual diplomacy. 介绍:动力到形象!科学、技术和视觉外交。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000146

Simone Turchetti, Matthew Adamson

引用次数: 0

Cartoon diplomacy: visual strategies, imperial rivalries and the 1890 British Ultimatum to Portugal. 漫画外交:视觉战略、帝国对抗和1890年英国对葡萄牙的最后通牒。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000067

Maria Paula Diogo, Paula Urze, Ana Simões

{"title":"Cartoon diplomacy: visual strategies, imperial rivalries and the 1890 British Ultimatum to Portugal.","authors":"Maria Paula Diogo, Paula Urze, Ana Simões","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087423000067","url":null,"abstract":"This paper offers a novel interpretation of the 1890 British Ultimatum, by bringing to the front of the stage its techno-diplomatic dimension, often invisible in the canonical diplomatic and military narratives. Furthermore, we use an unconventional historical source to grasp the British-Portuguese imperial conflict over the African hinterland via the building of railways: the cartoons of the politically committed and polyvalent Portuguese artist and journalist Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro (1846-1905), published in his journal Ponto nos iis, from the end of 1889 and throughout 1890. We argue that the Ponto nos iis cartoons played a so far overlooked role in the unfolding of British-Portuguese affairs, as they shaped at a distance a diplomatic exchange with the British satirical journal Punch. Attacking and counterattacking his fellow cartoonists in Britain, Pinheiro surged into the role of informal diplomat. This cartoon visual and public diplomacy unfolded in the pages of both journals and was tied to the two countries' colonial conquests in Africa, where the Portuguese and British empires were competing to dominate the African hinterland through large technological systems. Hence the cartoons made visible to wider audiences the otherwise hidden role that technologies played in the two countries' affairs. In turn, the cartoons aimed at persuading the Portuguese public and ruling classes alike that only regime change, from monarchic to republican, would restore the wounded Portuguese national pride.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":"56 2","pages":"147-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9788139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dylan Mulvin, Proxies: The Cultural Work of Standing In London: MIT Press, 2021. Pp. 228. ISBN 978-0-2620-4514-8. £40.00 (paperback). - CORRIGENDUM. 迪伦·马尔文，代理:站在伦敦的文化工作:麻省理工学院出版社，2021年。228页。ISBN 978-0-2620-4514-8。£40.00(平装)。应改正的错误。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000249

Harry Law

引用次数: 1

Picturing Chinese science: wartime photographs in Joseph Needham's science diplomacy. 描绘中国科学:李约瑟科学外交中的战时照片。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000110

Gordon Barrett

{"title":"Picturing Chinese science: wartime photographs in Joseph Needham's science diplomacy.","authors":"Gordon Barrett","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087423000110","url":null,"abstract":"Joseph Needham occupies a central position in the historical narrative underpinning the most influential practitioner-derived definition of 'science diplomacy'. The brief biographical sketch produced by the Royal Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science sets Needham's activities in the Second World War as an exemplar of a science diplomacy. This article critically reconsiders Needham's wartime activities, shedding light on the roles played by photographs in those diplomatic activities and his onward dissemination of them as part of his self-fashioning. Images were important to the British biochemist, and he was an avid amateur photographer himself, amassing a unique collection of hundreds of images relating to science, technology and medicine in wartime China during his time working as director of the Sino-British Science Co-operation Office. These included ones produced by China's Nationalist Party-led government, and by the Chinese Communist Party. Focusing on these photographs, this article examines the way Joseph Needham used his experiences to underpin claims to authority which, together with the breadth of his networks, enabled him to establish himself as an international interlocutor. All three aspects formed essential parts of his science diplomacy.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":"56 2","pages":"185-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10168279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Satellite images as tools of visual diplomacy: NASA's ozone hole visualizations and the Montreal Protocol negotiations. 卫星图像作为视觉外交的工具:美国宇航局的臭氧空洞可视化和蒙特利尔议定书谈判。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S000708742300002X

Sebastian V Grevsmühl, Régis Briday

{"title":"Satellite images as tools of visual diplomacy: NASA's ozone hole visualizations and the Montreal Protocol negotiations.","authors":"Sebastian V Grevsmühl, Régis Briday","doi":"10.1017/S000708742300002X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S000708742300002X","url":null,"abstract":"On 16 September 1987, the main chlorofluorocarbon-producing and -consuming countries signed the Montreal Protocol, despite the absence of a scientific consensus on the mechanisms of ozone depletion over Antarctica. We argue in this article that the rapid diffusion from late 1985 onwards of satellite images showing the Antarctic ozone hole played a significant role in this diplomatic outcome. Whereas negotiators claimed that they chose to deliberately ignore the Antarctic ozone hole during the negotiations since no theory was able yet to explain it, the images still loomed large for many of the actors involved. In Western countries, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) satellite visualizations were diffused through the general press and television stations. Other popular and mass media outlets followed quickly. In describing the circulation and appropriation processes of these images within and beyond the scientific and negotiation arenas, we show that the ozone hole images did play an important part in ozone diplomacy in the two years leading up to the signing of the Montreal Protocol, both in the expert and diplomatic arenas and as public diplomacy tools. We conclude by encouraging scholars to engage with new visual archives and to contribute to the development of the vibrant new field of research on visual diplomacy.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":"56 2","pages":"247-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9778260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Showcasing the international atom: the IAEA Bulletin as a visual science diplomacy instrument, 1958-1962. 展示国际原子:作为视觉科学外交工具的原子能机构公报，1958-1962年。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000055

Matthew Adamson

引用次数: 0

The visual diplomacy of cancer treatments: the mediatic legacy of the Curies in the early transnational fight against cancer. 癌症治疗的视觉外交:居里夫妇在早期跨国抗癌斗争中的调解遗产。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000109

Beatriz Medori

{"title":"The visual diplomacy of cancer treatments: the mediatic legacy of the Curies in the early transnational fight against cancer.","authors":"Beatriz Medori","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087423000109","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the role played by members of the Curie family in the visual diplomacy of cancer treatments. This relationship started in 1921, when Marie Curie travelled to the US, accompanied by her two daughters, Ève and Irène, to receive a gram of radium at the White House from President Warren Harding. In the years that followed, Ève Curie, as the biographer and natural heir of radium discoverers Marie and Pierre Curie, continued to contribute to the visual diplomacy of cancer campaigning. Two events will be analysed through an interdisciplinary lens, merging history of science and visual-diplomacy studies, to show how the legacy of the Curies played out in the international consolidation of pre-war transnational alliances in the fight against cancer. One involves the picture of the chargé d'affaires of the France Republic, Jules Henry, receiving the biography authored by Ève, Madame Curie, at the French embassy in Washington. The other concerns the photograph of Ève visiting the Portuguese Oncology Institute (IPO) in 1940, which was immediately reproduced in the Institute's bulletin in order to raise awareness of cancer prevention strategies, and also captured in film as a propaganda tool for the Estado Novo regime (1933-74).","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":"56 2","pages":"167-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9847783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Representing noise: stacked plots and the contrasting diplomatic ambitions of radio astronomy and post-punk. 代表噪音:堆叠的情节和对比鲜明的射电天文学和后朋克外交野心。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000122

Simone Turchetti

{"title":"Representing noise: stacked plots and the contrasting diplomatic ambitions of radio astronomy and post-punk.","authors":"Simone Turchetti","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087423000122","url":null,"abstract":"Sketched in 1979 by graphic designer Peter Saville, the record sleeve of Joy Division's Unknown Pleasures seemingly popularized one of the most celebrated radio-astronomical images: the 'stacked plot' of radio signals from a pulsar. However, the sleeve's designer did not have this promotion in mind. Instead, he deliberately muddled the message it originally conveyed in a typical post-punk act of artistic sabotage. In reconstructing the historical events associated with this subversive effort, this essay explores how, after its adoption as an imaging device utilized in radio astronomy, the stacked plot gave representation to the diplomacy agendas of two distinct groups. The post-punk reworking of the stacked plot exemplified the ambition of this artistic movement to attack the images associated with social conventions and norms by amplifying their 'semantic noise', and, in so doing, seeking to negotiate a social space for those sharing these subversive goals. Conversely, radio astronomers used the stacked plot to display the presence of interfering radio transmitters in the frequencies exclusively allocated to astronomical research, thus advocating the removal of this electronic noise in the context of international telecommunication negotiations. The article thus shows how the representation of different types of noise through similar images shaped contrasting ambitions in the separate domains of science diplomacy and everyday diplomacy.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":"56 2","pages":"225-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10169349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cesare Cremonini's non-theological cosmology: a contribution to Padua's secular culture in times of wars of religion. 切萨雷·克雷莫尼尼的非神学宇宙论:宗教战争时期对帕多瓦世俗文化的贡献。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000134

Pietro Daniel Omodeo

{"title":"Cesare Cremonini's non-theological cosmology: a contribution to Padua's secular culture in times of wars of religion.","authors":"Pietro Daniel Omodeo","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087423000134","url":null,"abstract":"This essay deals with the cultural-political motivations behind the cosmological conceptions of the Padua Aristotelian Cesare Cremonini (1550-1631). A defender of the interests of the university against Jesuit teachings, and one of the philosophers who was most frequently scrutinized by the Inquisition, he was an important actor in Venetian cultural politics during the years of European religious conflict that culminated in the Thirty Years War. In those years, he was officially titled 'protector' of the multi-confessional German Nation of Artists, one of the largest groups of foreign students at the University of Padua, and had to act as mediator in cases of conflict. His efforts to keep teaching free from religious concerns is reflected by his commitment to pursue philosophical and cosmological inquiries without engaging in revealed theology. In particular, his strict adherence to Aristotelian cosmology proved to be at odds with central Christian dogmas as it relinquished, among other concepts, the ideas of Creation and divine Providence. I argue that this position of Cremonini's fostered a tolerant and universalistic attitude in line with a secular programme that could enable cross-confessional coexistence in a cosmopolitan institution like Padua.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9475506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0