British Journal for the History of Science最新文献_第7页

Essay review: the fictive history of Victorian science and empire. 论文评论：维多利亚时代科学和帝国的虚构历史。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001249

Jacob Steere-Williams

{"title":"Essay review: the fictive history of Victorian science and empire.","authors":"Jacob Steere-Williams","doi":"10.1017/S0007087424001249","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087424001249","url":null,"abstract":"In 1820 two French scientists - Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Jean Bienaimé Caventou - discovered and named the active alkaloid substance extracted from cinchona bark: quinine. The bark from the 'wondrous' fever tree, and its antimalarial properties, however, had long been known to both colonial scientists and indigenous Peruvians. From the mid-seventeenth century, cinchona bark, taken from trees that grow on the eastern slopes of the Andes, was part of a global circulation of botanical knowledge, practice and profit. By the 1850s, Europeans eager to bypass South American trade routes to access cinchona plants established plantations across the global South in French Algeria, Dutch Java and British India. Wardian cases - plant terrariums named after British physician Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward - would fuel new imperial efforts to curb malaria, contemporaries argued. And yet cinchona trees proved difficult to transport over land and sea, and did not easily or universally thrive in new tropical climates. As a result of the growing demand and uncertainty around cinchona, as Pratik Chakrabarti has argued, from the late eighteenth century there was 'a global scientific obsession' with finding a 'substitute' for cinchona, particularly local alternatives in India and China.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"133-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142855877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A tradition from the ancestors. 这是祖先的传统。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000214

James A Secord

引用次数: 0

Science 'subservient to profit'? William Jackson Hooker and the first Glasgow Botanic Gardens (1817-1841). 科学“服从利益”？威廉·杰克逊·胡克和第一个格拉斯哥植物园（1817-1841）。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001456

Mélanie Cournil

引用次数: 0

Value, knowledge and reputation: zoological exchange by Australian museums, 1870-1900. 价值、知识和声誉：澳大利亚博物馆的动物学交流，1870-1900 年。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424000700

Henry Reese, Vanessa Finney, Simon Ville

{"title":"Value, knowledge and reputation: zoological exchange by Australian museums, 1870-1900.","authors":"Henry Reese, Vanessa Finney, Simon Ville","doi":"10.1017/S0007087424000700","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087424000700","url":null,"abstract":"The burgeoning nineteenth-century public-museum sector built a significant part of its natural-history specimen collections through extensive international trading. The early 2020s has seen an upsurge of scholarly interest in this largely overlooked trade. Exchange was a distinctive aspect of the natural-history trade that reveals much about the diverse practices and motives of the institutional collectors. Economic-geographic benefits included conserving the limited financial resources of museums and exploiting complementarities in the geographic distribution of specimens. Collection management, institutional reputation, social connection and international diplomacy were also part of a complex mix of value making that shaped this important international trade. We analyse the exchange practices of the three largest museums in the Australian colonies in the final three decades of the nineteenth century who exchanged Australia's 'rare and curious' fauna with collectors across the globe. By deploying and analysing extensive, comparative data on a particular form of natural history, zoology, and a particular kind of trade, exchange trading, among three Australian museums, this paper extends and enriches recent scholarship on the mobility of natural-history specimens and how they were traded.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"81-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

History of science in Aotearoa New Zealand. 新西兰奥特亚罗瓦科学史。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001547

Ruth Barton

引用次数: 0

The history of science and the global turn of the screw. 科学史和全球螺丝钉的转动。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S000708742500010X

Lewis Bremner

引用次数: 0

Humus gnosis: soil fertility, research and funding in the life of Sir Albert Howard. 腐殖质诊断：艾伯特·霍华德爵士一生中的土壤肥力、研究和资助。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001468

Tad Brown

{"title":"Humus gnosis: soil fertility, research and funding in the life of Sir Albert Howard.","authors":"Tad Brown","doi":"10.1017/S0007087424001468","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087424001468","url":null,"abstract":"Sir Albert Howard helped popularize the idea of translating 'Eastern' practice into 'Western' science in the field of agriculture. His approach to composting has been foundational to organic farming and counterposed with the field of agricultural chemistry. This depiction of feuding ideologies - organic versus chemical - is based largely on Howard's opposition to the fragmentation of scientific knowledge and its products, especially artificial fertilizer. One underexplored aspect of Howard's contest with the agricultural research establishment is the role played by intellectual property. This article contributes to Howard's historiography by examining three topics related to his life's work that concern money and patents: (1) the financial support for the Institute of Plant Industry at Indore, (2) an artificial manure patented by employees at Rothamsted Experimental Station and (3) a rival method in British municipal composting. I argue that Howard's ideological difference with agricultural chemists was not reducible to generating soil fertility with compost. Rather, the feud consisted of a larger debate about innovation, ownership and the societal benefits of scientific research.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"61-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

'Who can tell me what potable water means?' The assessment of water quality in debates over hydraulic infrastructure in nineteenth-century Italy. 谁能告诉我什么是饮用水？十九世纪意大利水利基础设施辩论中的水质评估。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424000566

Salvatore Valenti

{"title":"'Who can tell me what potable water means?' The assessment of water quality in debates over hydraulic infrastructure in nineteenth-century Italy.","authors":"Salvatore Valenti","doi":"10.1017/S0007087424000566","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087424000566","url":null,"abstract":"How water is perceived and represented has an impact on the relationships between a given society and its water infrastructure. Historians have identified a shift in the perception of water during the nineteenth century, which was connected to the development of chemistry. From an understanding based in Hippocratic medicine and natural history that treated it as an infinite variety of substances, water eventually became understood as a simple compound consisting of oxygen and hydrogen. This resulted in the abstraction of water from its social and environmental contexts, with consequences for the way water was managed. This article aims to demonstrate that such a view gives a mistaken intellectual coherence to a fragmented and conflicted process, which involved continuities, an adaptation of old frameworks to new social priorities, and fine changes in scientific thinking and practices. This paper examines the scientific and political debates concerning water infrastructure, surveys and analyses on water quality, medical reports and political measures in nineteenth-century Italy. Ultimately, the reduction of 'waters' to 'water' in Italy was more about determining who had the authority to assess water quality in the process of creating and stabilizing new power relations between the public and the private spheres than about the abstraction of water from its social and environmental contexts.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"101-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141069521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Susanne Schmidt, Midlife Crisis: The Feminist Origins of a Chauvinist Cliché - CORRIGENDUM. 苏珊·施密特，中年危机：沙文主义陈词滥调的女权主义起源-勘误表。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1017/S000708742500041X

Kevin Matthew Jones

引用次数: 0

Meteorology, weather and war in South East Asia: Malaya c.1940-1960. 东南亚的气象、天气和战争：马来亚1940-1960年。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001523

Fiona Williamson

引用次数: 0