British Journal for the History of Science最新文献_第7页

The Pugwash scientists' conferences, Cyrus Eaton and the clash of internationalisms, 1954-1961. 普格沃什科学家会议，赛勒斯·伊顿和国际主义的冲突，1954-1961年。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000377

Waqar H Zaidi

{"title":"The Pugwash scientists' conferences, Cyrus Eaton and the clash of internationalisms, 1954-1961.","authors":"Waqar H Zaidi","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000377","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087423000377","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the contest between Canadian American industrialist Cyrus Eaton and the Pugwash scientists' leadership for influence over the early Pugwash scientists' conferences. Eaton's activism has generally been dismissed in the historical literature as ineffective, naive and too uncritical of the Soviet Union. This paper argues that he was genuinely committed to international peace and security, that Eaton shared with Pugwash scientists a belief in the importance of intellectuals to global unity, and that he worked to bring about greater international peace and understanding through both his personal activism and his own conferences held in the town of Pugwash. Eaton, however, favoured a broader push for peace, which included participation by a wider range of intellectuals and a call for rapprochement with the Soviet Union. These differences between Eaton and the Pugwash scientists, I argue, were more than simply about approach: they represented different internationalist visions and manifested in different conceptualizations for the Pugwash scientists' conferences. Eaton hoped to incorporate non-scientists and humanism into the conferences, and integrate them into his own broader conference programme at his Thinkers' Lodge at Pugwash. The scientists, however, wanted to keep their conferences as distinctly scientists' events, tied to science and its authority.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"503-517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41239802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Technical conferences as a technique of internationalism. 技术会议是一种国际主义技术。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S000708742300033X

Jessica Reinisch

引用次数: 0

Functional informality: crafting social interaction toward scientific productivity at the Gordon Research Conferences, 1950-1980. 功能性非正规性：在戈登研究会议上为科学生产力打造社会互动，1950-1980年。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000389

Georgiana Kotsou

{"title":"Functional informality: crafting social interaction toward scientific productivity at the Gordon Research Conferences, 1950-1980.","authors":"Georgiana Kotsou","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000389","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087423000389","url":null,"abstract":"In the early and mid-twentieth century, scientific conferences were a popular tool to establish communication between scientists. Organisational efforts, research and funds were spent defining what makes a productive and successful scientific gathering. A unique example of this was the monitoring and evaluation system of the Gordon Research Conferences (GRCs), which conceptualized informal communication in small, specialized meetings as the best method of advancing cutting-edge research. Studying the detailed monitoring reports of the sessions and the evaluation forms filled by the participants, this paper explores how a concrete format of scientific knowledge production and identity formation was created and reproduced. The normative assessment of the participants' interactions is examined in the contexts of (a) their professional affiliations, (b) the conference presentations and discussions and (c) activities related to play. The study of the GRCs exemplifies how scientists actively conceptualised characteristics like academic affiliation, manners, leisure practices and social categories such as gender as ways to understand, describe and measure how knowledge is best produced and transmitted, turning the conferences into a fertile ground for meta-scientific reflections.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"519-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41162784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The art of gathering: histories of international scientific conferences. 聚会的艺术：国际科学会议的历史。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000638

Charlotte Bigg, Jessica Reinisch, Geert Somsen, Sven Widmalm

引用次数: 0

Negotiating the norms of an international science: standardization work at the International Geological Congress, 1878-1891. 国际科学准则的谈判：1878-1891 年国际地质大会的标准化工作。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000304

Thomas Mougey

{"title":"Negotiating the norms of an international science: standardization work at the International Geological Congress, 1878-1891.","authors":"Thomas Mougey","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000304","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087423000304","url":null,"abstract":"In the second half of the nineteenth century, geologists created the International Geological Congress (IGC) to achieve the methodological and terminological uniformity that they thought their science lacked. Their desire to standardize their practice and their use of the conference to do so was neither new nor unique. Although late nineteenth-century international conferences have been recognized as important arenas of standardization, relatively little is known of the ways in which conferences organized standardization negotiations. This article aims to fill this gap by exploring how the IGC practically and socially organized standardization work. It appears that the session hall was not the sole and not even the main stage of geological standard-setting. The standardization process was also enacted through comparative study and informal exchanges that regular visits to purpose-built comparative geological exhibitions made possible. Relying on a sophisticated apparatus of commissions and subcommittees, the IGC also socially organized standards negotiation beyond the space and time of the triennial sessions. By tracing the material, spatial and social practices engineered through the IGC to serve geological standardization, this article unboxes the conference process and in so doing enriches our understanding of the period's wave of standardization.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"435-451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10155320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

'The goddess that we serve': projecting international community at the first serial chemistry conferences, 1893-1914. “我们服务的女神”：在1893-1914年的第一次系列化学会议上向国际社会展示。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000341

Geert Somsen

{"title":"'The goddess that we serve': projecting international community at the first serial chemistry conferences, 1893-1914.","authors":"Geert Somsen","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000341","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087423000341","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of conferences in the late nineteenth century significantly changed the ways in which the international scientific community functioned and experienced itself. In the early modern Republic of Letters, savants mainly related through print and correspondence, and apart from at local and later national levels, scholars rarely met. International conferences, by contrast, brought scientists together regularly, in the flesh and in great numbers. Their previously imagined community now became tangible. This paper examines how conferencing reshaped the collective of international scientists by zooming in on the massive meetings of the International Congress of Applied Chemistry, 1893-1914. Drawing on Emile Durkheim's studies of religious gatherings it analyses the ritualization of routine conference practices, such as plenary ceremonies, toasts, ladies' programmes and committee meetings. It looks at how roles were distributed as participants performed as hosts and guests, and in masculine and feminine and national and international identities. Importantly, it shows both how the sacralization of chemistry as a higher aim served to instil senses of dedication in order to organize labour and mitigate conflict, and how the self-perception of the international chemical community was based on contemporary understandings of parliament, democracy and representation.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"453-467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Communicating science, mediating presence: reflections on the present, past and future of conferencing. 传播科学，调解存在：对会议的现在、过去和未来的思考。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000365

Charlotte Bigg

引用次数: 0

Negotiating conservation and competition: national parks and 'victory-over-communism' diplomacy in South Korea. 谈判保护和竞争:韩国的国家公园和“战胜共产主义”外交。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000316

Jaehwan Hyun

{"title":"Negotiating conservation and competition: national parks and 'victory-over-communism' diplomacy in South Korea.","authors":"Jaehwan Hyun","doi":"10.1017/S0007087423000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087423000316","url":null,"abstract":"Focusing on South Korean biologists and their efforts to establish national parks in the 1960s and 1970s, I illuminate the ways in which they negotiated their relationship with the ecological diplomacy of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the anti-communist and developmentalist diplomacy of the South Korean government. To justify their activities, these South Korean biologists emphasized the importance of nature conservation activities in the competition for international recognition and economic development with their northern counterparts. The national-park initiative was thus subsumed into the politics of this legitimacy competition between the two Koreas, or what I call 'victory-over-communism' diplomacy. The IUCN's influence over South Korea was limited to the extent that both the government and scientists recognized the diplomatic merit they could gain in the context of their Cold War competition and developmentalism. It is also shown how, during the short detente period of the two Koreas, South Korean biologists used victory-over-communism diplomacy to renew their government's attention to their activities. This Korean episode contributes to the wider perspective of decentralizing the Cold War history of environmental diplomacy in the free-world bloc by illustrating the importance of its entanglement with the Cold War politics surrounding Asian developmentalism.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10210401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What mysteries lay in spore: taxonomy, data, and the internationalization of mycology in Saccardo's Sylloge Fungorum. 孢子的奥秘在于：分类、数据和萨卡多的Sylloge Fungorum真菌学的国际化。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000158

Brad Bolman

引用次数: 0

Jodhpur and the aeroplane: aviation and diplomacy in an Indian state 1924-1952. 焦特布尔与飞机:1924-1952年印度某邦的航空与外交。

IF 0.8 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087423000298

Aashique Ahmed Iqbal

引用次数: 0