British Journal for the History of Science最新文献_第6页

Epilogue: the many worlds of rock(et) stars. 后记：摇滚（et）明星的许多世界。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425101167

Asif Siddiqi

{"title":"Epilogue: the many worlds of rock(et) stars.","authors":"Asif Siddiqi","doi":"10.1017/S0007087425101167","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087425101167","url":null,"abstract":"This epilogue considers the approach and conception of this collection, highlighting key analytical strands in the essays while also suggesting possible avenues of further research. It spotlights the global nature of their analysis, which offers one structural framework - individual scientific personas and the often transnational networks which they inhabit - as a possible avenue to imagine a so-called global Space Age. The epilogue also investigates possible frames for further analyses, particularly regarding gender and translation. Men dominate the pantheon of space personas, which, I argue, is a function of the way popular discourses about space travel are still dominated not only by patriarchal and often misogynistic tropes, but also by how we define 'technology' itself as essentially a male domain of activity. More broadly, we need further investigation of multiple and gendered erasures involved in the creation of male space personas. Similarly, the kinds of tools, work and strategies the space personas deployed to translate their visions across different social, discursive, cultural and temporal domains require attention. In particular, one can imagine that the afterlife of these personas will be susceptible to change and alteration as their messages, reputations, and principal attachments are continually reshaped by historical change, popular culture, and academic currents.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"325-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Black in space: Arnaldo Tamayo and the Cuban cosmic revolution. 太空中的黑色：阿纳尔多·塔马约和古巴的宇宙革命。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S000708742510109X

Gloria Maritza Gómez Revuelta

引用次数: 0

The celebrification of Qian Xuesen. 钱学森的成名。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425101155

Alexander C T Geppert, Lu Liu

{"title":"The celebrification of Qian Xuesen.","authors":"Alexander C T Geppert, Lu Liu","doi":"10.1017/S0007087425101155","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087425101155","url":null,"abstract":"Commonly referred to as the 'father of spaceflight' and 'king of rocketry', Qian Xuesen (1911-2009) is for many Chinese citizens the pre-eminent scientist of the twentieth century. Trained at the California Institute of Technology, he co-founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory before returning to China in 1955, where he became instrumental in the space programme and the missile industry. This article investigates Qian's ascent from aeronautical engineer known only within expert circles to China's face of space. It charts his celebrification, particularly after the Tiananmen Square crackdown, and distinguishes five facets of a rocket star in the making. Transforming Qian into China's quintessential technocelebrity and transfiguring his persona into the cornerstone of astrocultural production helped propagate spaceflight activities, rendering outer space an imaginable arena for both the state and the public. Yet, as the analysis of a comprehensive body of visual materials, media reports, biographies and obituaries shows, ultimately Qian's carefully crafted persona is what Ernesto Laclau has termed an 'empty signifier'. Qian is space, and space Qian, but little else. If historians are to understand the allure and inner workings of the global Space Age, then historicizing the orchestrated rise of non-Western space personas such as Qian Xuesen proves key.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"237-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leapfrogging India: Vikram Sarabhai and the developmental promise of geocentric spaceflight - ERRATUM. 跨越式发展的印度：Vikram Sarabhai和以地球为中心的太空飞行的发展前景。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425101131

Haitian Ma

引用次数: 0

Picturing evolution. 想象的进化。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000196

Jim Endersby

引用次数: 0

Rocket stars, space personas and the global Space Age. 火箭明星，太空人物和全球太空时代。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425101143

Alexander C T Geppert

{"title":"Rocket stars, space personas and the global Space Age.","authors":"Alexander C T Geppert","doi":"10.1017/S0007087425101143","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087425101143","url":null,"abstract":"The founding figures, advocates and engineers of the early Space Age are frequently hailed as 'fathers', 'forebears', 'prophets', 'pioneers', 'visionaries' and 'heroes', employing hagiographic, gendered and indiscriminate tropes that lack analytical value. Inspired by persona and celebrity studies, this introduction proposes an alternative approach to comprehend the historical significance and historiographical prominence attributed to global 'rocket stars' Qian Xuesen (1911-2009) in China, Arthur C. Clarke (1917-2008) in Sri Lanka, Vikram Sarabhai (1919-71) in India, Sigmund Jähn (1937-2019) in East Germany, Ulf Merbold (1941-) in West Germany and Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez (1942-) in Cuba covered in this special issue. Replacing 'great-men' hagiography with a theoretically grounded focus on celebrification processes and the making of national patriarchs from without - from person to persona - enhances nuance and reduces cliché in understanding the role technocelebrities played in the production of outer space as a key phantasmagoria of the twentieth century. As these six space personas operated and starred in geographical contexts distinct and distant from the spaceflight superpowers, the special issue advances the notion of a global Space Age as an alternative to the conventional bipolar Cold War variant and offers a foundation for its budding historicization.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"195-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The prophet business: Arthur C. Clarke, Sri Lanka and the making of a global space persona. 先知事业：亚瑟·c·克拉克、斯里兰卡和全球太空人物的塑造。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000299

David Skogerboe, David Baneke

引用次数: 0

Leapfrogging India: Vikram Sarabhai and the developmental promise of geocentric spaceflight. 跨越式的印度：Vikram Sarabhai和以地球为中心的太空飞行的发展承诺。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000287

Haitian Ma

{"title":"Leapfrogging India: Vikram Sarabhai and the developmental promise of geocentric spaceflight.","authors":"Haitian Ma","doi":"10.1017/S0007087425000287","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087425000287","url":null,"abstract":"Historical accounts of the Indian space programme inevitably invoke the figure of Vikram Sarabhai (1919-71), credited as the father of its early development in the 1960s. A physicist by training, Sarabhai was best known for his 'leapfrogging' vision, into which social applications of space technology would catapult developing countries out of poverty. By interrogating official and unofficial records, speeches, cinematic productions and obituaries, this article examines how Indian leadership utilized Sarabhai's persona to substantiate the role of space flight in the nation's domestic modernization and geopolitical leverage. Especially after his death in 1971, the making of Sarabhai into the pioneer of Indian space flight allowed India to fashion a geocentric appeal specific to its space programme, which construed the benefits of low-earth-orbit satellite communication to tackle unequal development. In the 1990s, Sarabhai's image was further appropriated by international powers and actors to propagate the commercialization of satellite systems. Despite its elitist outlook and subscription to received notions of nationhood and modernity, a closer look into the public resonance of Sarabhai's persona reveals how the geocentric promise of space flight in the Indian context contributed to the formation of post-1960s astroculture globally.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"261-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental bioclimatology and prospects of agricultural modernization at the CNRS phytotron, France, 1953-1988. 法国CNRS phytotron实验生物气候学与农业现代化展望，1953-1988。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087424001535

Lucie Gerber

{"title":"Experimental bioclimatology and prospects of agricultural modernization at the CNRS phytotron, France, 1953-1988.","authors":"Lucie Gerber","doi":"10.1017/S0007087424001535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087424001535","url":null,"abstract":"Built in Gif-sur-Yvette in the 1950s, the phytotron of the Centre national de la recherche scientifique provided plant physiologists with a set of enclosed growth rooms in which several climatic constituents of the environment could be simultaneously and separately controlled. This article examines the polyvalence of the French phytotron to explore the economic and political entanglements of experimental reasoning in mid-twentieth-century plant physiology. As Gif scientists embraced phytotrons as a means for developing an 'experimental bioclimatology', not only did they introduce into the laboratory an understanding of climate as a complex of agents likely to affect plant life, but also they sought to map scientific findings on productive pursuits during a period of intense agricultural modernization. The horticultural and agronomic applications envisaged were aimed at the timing of climate-sensitive biological events, but also at the expansion of productive areas within and outside metropolitan France, particularly in the context of late colonial and international dry-land development agendas. This case study of phytotronists' agricultural imagination highlights a techno-scientific conception of climate steeped in biology, tied to the limits and potential of plant life in time and space, and regarded as either a deficiency to be corrected or a resource to be harnessed.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Darwin's scientific gardener: John Scott, the 'physiological test' and the importance of character in Victorian science. 达尔文的科学园丁：约翰·斯科特，“生理测试”和维多利亚时代科学中性格的重要性。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000226

Ian Hesketh

引用次数: 0