British Journal for the History of Science最新文献_第5页

Fusion divided: what prevented European collaboration on controlled thermonuclear fusion in 1958. 核聚变的分裂：1958年，是什么阻碍了欧洲在受控热核聚变方面的合作。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425101088

Barbara Hof

{"title":"Fusion divided: what prevented European collaboration on controlled thermonuclear fusion in 1958.","authors":"Barbara Hof","doi":"10.1017/S0007087425101088","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087425101088","url":null,"abstract":"The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland, is renowned for operating the world's largest particle accelerator and is often regarded as a model of high-profile international collaboration. Less well known, however, is a key episode from the late 1950s, when CERN clashed with the research priorities of similar organizations. The issue centred on a CERN-sponsored study group on controlled thermonuclear fusion, which brought together scientists from CERN member states, as well as representatives from the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), the European Nuclear Energy Agency (ENEA) and the US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). While their meetings succeeded in creating an international network for exchanging reports and coordinating projects to avoid duplication, the initiative failed to establish joint fusion research programmes in Europe. This article explores the reasons behind this outcome to provide insights into intergovernmental power dynamics and scientific competition and how these two factors favoured the creation of a new fusion research institution in the UK, the Culham Laboratory. In doing so, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of science in European integration, while also highlighting that CERN's involvement in application-oriented research remains an underexplored aspect of its history.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"483-501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The trope of the microscope in nineteenth-century India. 19世纪印度的显微镜比喻。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000366

David Arnold

{"title":"The trope of the microscope in nineteenth-century India.","authors":"David Arnold","doi":"10.1017/S0007087425000366","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0007087425000366","url":null,"abstract":"Of all the many instruments that symbolized scientific endeavour in British India by the end of the nineteenth century, microscopes were among the most iconic, and yet, for both empirical and ideological reasons, their rise to scientific authority was slow and often contested. Moving from recreational use and marginal scientific status in the 1830s, by the 1870s microscopes were becoming integral to colonial education and governance and deployed across a wide scientific spectrum, their expanding use and heightened public presence facilitated by a rich and diverse visual culture. The eventual triumph of the microscope in India cannot be detached from its ongoing entanglement with local issues and agencies, its ascent to medical authority in particular constrained by scepticism about its utility. In this battle of instruments and imaginaries, microscopes - political emblems as well as material objects and scientific tools - pose critical questions about the visibility of science in a colonial context, about evolving techniques of seeing and representation, about the racialization of science and about the individual or collective authority of those who sought empowerment through the lens.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"405-423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Commerce and modern reproduction. 商业和现代再生产。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000019

Salim Al-Gailani

引用次数: 0

The British and Brazilian expeditions and the 1919 total solar eclipse: regimes of labour and degrees of invisibility. 英国和巴西的探险和1919年的日全食：劳动制度和隐形程度。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000305

Ana Simões, Hugo Soares, Luís Miguel Carolino

引用次数: 0

For a history of human rationality: an interview with Lorraine Daston. 2024 Balzan Prize for History of Modern and Contemporary Science. 《人类理性的历史：对洛林·达斯顿的采访》，2024年巴尔赞现当代科学史奖。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425101039

Luca Sciortino

引用次数: 0

Aristotelianism, alchemy and corpuscularianism in the thirteenth century: the problem of substantial form and its corpuscular solution. 13世纪的亚里士多德主义、炼金术和微粒论：物质形式的问题及其微粒解。

IF 1.2 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425101192

Athanasios Rinotas

{"title":"Aristotelianism, alchemy and corpuscularianism in the thirteenth century: the problem of substantial form and its corpuscular solution.","authors":"Athanasios Rinotas","doi":"10.1017/S0007087425101192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087425101192","url":null,"abstract":"The Avicennan text De congelatione et conglutinatione lapidum had a great influence on the alchemical thought of the thirteenth century. This Latin text disputed both the veracity of alchemy and the possibility of alchemical transmutation by arguing that art is inferior to nature and that the alchemists cannot manipulate a metal because its true characteristics are hidden from our senses; thus an alchemist cannot change something which is unknown to him. Newman's pioneer studies examined the diffusion and impact of the first Avicennan argument on medieval alchemy and he shed light on the art-versus-nature debate. This paper has a twofold aim: on the one hand it aims to further Newman's study by focusing on the second Avicennan argument, which is closely related to the problem of substantial form, and on the other hand it aims to show how the aforesaid problem paved the way for the emergence of corpuscularianism, which flourished during the early modern period. In this regard, it will become clear that the historiographical case of alchemy and its problem of substantial form can serve as an exegetical tool for 'bridging' the Middle Ages and the early modern period with respect to the relation between Aristotelianism and corpuscularianism.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scientific expertise in early international negotiations on climate change: Bert Bolin and the IPCC. 早期国际气候变化谈判中的科学专业知识：伯特·博林和IPCC。

IF 1.2 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425101052

Carolina Granado

{"title":"Scientific expertise in early international negotiations on climate change: Bert Bolin and the IPCC.","authors":"Carolina Granado","doi":"10.1017/S0007087425101052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087425101052","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the contributions of Bert Bolin, the first chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), to the collective understanding of the panel's nature, operations and results, as well as his efforts to safeguard the credibility of the IPCC process in the face of criticism. Based on the scholarship on expertise and its relationship with the political process, I argue that Bolin's contribution to that process can be summarized in three points. First, he acted as a mediator between producers of climate change knowledge and its users, in this case governments and corporations. Second, he selected and emphasized some of the information provided by the IPCC and used it to advocate for immediate action to tackle climate change. Third, he played a major role in legitimizing the IPCC as the best possible assessment organization, especially through boundary work. Additionally, it is suggested that Bolin's role in the advisory process was not static but changed within an evolving political and social context. Through this case study, I aim to contribute to the scholarship that examines how environmental problems are defined and brought into the political arena, and the role of experts in this complex process.","PeriodicalId":46655,"journal":{"name":"British Journal for the History of Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Atmospheres of influence: the role of journal editors in shaping early climate change narratives - ERRATUM. 影响的气氛：期刊编辑在塑造早期气候变化叙述中的作用-勘误。

IF 0.7 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425000408

Robert Naylor, Eleanor Shaw

引用次数: 0

Epilogue: the many worlds of rock(et) stars - CORRIGENDUM. 后记：摇滚（et）明星的许多世界-勘误表。

IF 0.9 1区哲学

British Journal for the History of Science Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0007087425101349

Asif Siddiqi

引用次数: 0

Showcasing Germany in space: the lives and afterlives of Cold War rocket stars Sigmund Jähn and Ulf Merbold. 在太空中展示德国：冷战火箭明星西格蒙德Jähn和乌尔夫·默博尔德的生前和死后。