International Journal of Psychological Research最新文献

{"title":"There is No Mystery in Social System","authors":"Haitao Liu","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4621","url":null,"abstract":"There is a gap between the properties of social reality and the natural properties of the material bearer that carries it. Language constructivism uses language representations to bridge this gap, arguing that language constructs social reality. Emergence theory holds that the attributes of social reality cannot be reduced to the physical attributes of the carrier. This process is emergent. Language constructivism regards the process from mental reality to social reality as the product of language's own operation and the secret is hidden in language itself. Emergentism directly led social reality to mysticism. Mental reality is an initial existence, which includes both innate desires and needs and acquired values. Social reality is the external reality created by the subject through action according to his internal needs and desires. Mental reality and social reality are dynamically integrated into each other, which is achieved through rule-based action.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76028760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Evidence and Diverse Perspectives on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review","authors":"A. Amnie","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4384","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:  ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence. Although the disorder starts to manifest early in childhood, a significant proportion of cases often persists into adulthood. ADHD negatively and significantly impacts social and occupational functioning and academic performance.  A number of extant theories and scientific evidence provide insight into the genesis and manifestations of ADHD and the attendant challenges of significant dysfunction that individuals may encounter at home, school, and the workplace. Method: This systematic review was conducted through a literature search for published peer-reviewed articles using standard PRISMA guidelines.  The goal of the study was to explore current theories, models, concepts, and risk factors about ADHD in published in peer-reviewed literature,. We made use of use several online databases— including PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Medline in the process of searching for relevant studies. Relevant peer-reviewed publications since the 1980s when the term Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was introduced in DSM-III-R were included. Non-peer-reviewed publications, including dissertations,  editorials, commentaries, and materials published in languages other than English were excluded. Results and Discussion: The results of the review indicated that ADHD is characterized by a behavioral reaction that interferes with personal and social functioning. The factors associated with ADHD fall into several major thematic areas, including genetic and hereditary factors; dietary and nutritional factors; parenting and behavioral factors; adverse early life events, and high-risk environmental factors, crystallized by a number of developmental and behavioral theories. The review also identified a number of extant models and theories that attempt to explain the diverse perspectives associated with ADHD. Conclusion: This study has attempted to identify the major risk factors and diverse models and theories associated with ADHD.  The thematic risk factors include genetic and hereditary factors; dietary and nutritional factors; parenting and behavioral factors; adverse early life events, and high-risk environmental factors. The most prominent models identified include the biomedical model and the bio-psycho-social models, the latter being a more holistic approach which aims to treat both the patient and the disease. This review would provide an additional evidence base to individuals, families, and educators to make informed choices and decisions in the best interest of the affected children, including personal growth, healthcare, and medical needs, academic performance, and social skills development. ","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74843145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Photographs and Time Lag on Positivity Ratings of Vacation and Weekend Memories","authors":"K. Dijkstra, Keri A. Pekaar, Jacky Hooftman, Y. Osch","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4131","url":null,"abstract":"Two studies examined the question of whether photograph taking of an event influences the positivity of the evaluations of the event at a later point in time. Memories of photographed events yielded higher positivity ratings than memories that were not photographed. Although we expected fading of positivity ratings to occur more slowly over a period of two months for memories of photographed events, we found faster affect fading for those memories in Study 2 instead. The findings of the two studies support the idea that taking photographs of events sustains the affective reconstruction of autobiographical memories, regardless of whether these events are special, such as vacation memories, or more mundane, such as memories of the past weekend.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88730385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distance Interventions for Children with Sleep Problems: A Review","authors":"Tatiana Matheus Pinto, Jéssica Dayane da Silva, R. Rafihi-Ferreira, E. Silvares","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4166","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep problems in childhood are frequent and may cause damage to the children and their families; however, parental orientation appears to be effective in its many new formats, such as the distance treatment. This study aimed to review the literature about behavioral intervention performed by distance to sleep problems in childhood and summarize the main characteristics of such interventions. Searches were performed up to November 2021 in BVS Psicologia ULAPSI Brasil, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO, using the key words: sleep problems, insomnia, nighttime fears, behavioral intervention, behavioral treatment, treatment, intervention, sleep, behavior, child, children, infant, mobile phones, smartphone, app, telephone, online, internet, bibliotherapy. We included 14 studies. The main results indicate that interventions were implemented between 2 and 12 weeks, the most reported procedure was pre-sleep routines, and semipresential interventions that required some presential contact were the most frequent. Written educational information about sleep through bibliotherapy and telephone contacts were the most used tools to implement the remote component of interventions. Ten studies indicated improvements on children’s sleep, and secondary results (parental sleep and/or mental health) were also reported among studies. Therefore, our findings suggest that distance interventions for childhood sleep problems are promising, but future research is still needed","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79021214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Complaints at Psychological Emergency Service Associated with Referral to Extended Screening in a Psychology School Clinic","authors":"C. R. Baldassarini, Naiara Pinto Alves Pereira, Larissa Nicolau Pitta, Marcelo Monteiro De Souza, C. Rosa, Fernanda Pessolo Rocha","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4212","url":null,"abstract":"The Psychological Emergency Service (PES) at psychology school clinics is an unscheduled and free psychological service to meet urgent demands. From this service, some patients whose complaints require more time for clinical work are referred to the Extended Screening (ES), a modality composed of six extra appointments. This study aims to analyze the sociodemographic profile of patients seen on PES in a Brazilian Psychology School Clinic, and to identify the demands that motivated referral to the ES, for better qualification of the care offered. This is a descriptive analysis research, carried out based on data from the medical records of 46 patients who went through the PES and were referred to the ES at the institution, between the years 2019 and 2021. Sociodemographic data were collected and, from the session reports, a content analysis of the thematic analysis modality was performed to identify the complaints. The participants’ age ranged from 18 to 65 years, with a mean of 32.28 years (sd = 10.95). There was a predominance of female participants (71.74%), that completed High School (39.14%) and had an income from one to two Brazilian minimum wages (32.61%). The most frequent complaints were depressive symptoms (56.52%) and difficulties in interpersonal relationships (32.61%). The results obtained, besides allowing the survey of the social and demographic profile of the clientele of the PES at the Psychology School Clinic, and demonstrating its social relevance by providing free psychological care, also show to be of great importance for the definition of more accurate criteria for referral to the ES of patients seen on PES.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"928 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85586954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outlook of Cognitive Neuroscience","authors":"Bo Liu, Wei Xie","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4287","url":null,"abstract":"Social science researches at present emphasize the construction of relations between multiple constructs. Psychological science is no exception. Before verifying whether their hypotheses are true with a questionnaire method or experimental method, scholars will check out the hot topics of recent years and construct multiple mediating and moderating relations first. They work on scattered topics that more or less overlap with many other disciplines. In previous years, the author focused on studying the youths with poor mental health in the new era of China, observing their moral choices in the corporate environment through game theory experiments. The conclusions are usually surprising- most new-generation youths choose to maximize their self-interests from between pro-social behaviors and risk aversion.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88599987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Health of Wives’ of Patients with Chronic Illnesses","authors":"D. M. Umrigar, R. Mhaske","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i1.3879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i1.3879","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTObjectives: Chronic illnesses are more prevalent in males. The expectations of caregiving, thus falls on the women. Role expectations from women, increases stress, strain and the possibility of Psychological health concerns. In this paper, we explore the psychological health, as well as the levels of marital and sexual satisfaction of women caregivers.Method: The sample consisted of 35 women, whose husbands were diagnosed with, and undergoing treatment for a chronic illness (Coronary Heart Disease (CHD); Diabetes; or Cancer). Three standardized questionnaires, the Index of Marital Satisfaction (IMS), Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS 21) were used.Results: Correlational and predictive analysis were conducted on the data. Clinically significant marital and sexual dissatisfaction were found. Wives’ also reported moderate levels of depression and anxiety, but severe levels of stress. Depression and Sexual satisfaction were found to be significant predictors of marital satisfaction.Discussion: Women caregiver are impacted by the illness status of their spouse. The additional stress of caregiving, along with societally ascribed roles and responsibilities on women creates a more difficult, stressful environment, which affects psychological health and well-being.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78933275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the Cognitive Mechanisms Underpinning Behavioural Activation.","authors":"Liam Myles,&nbsp;Emanuele Merlo","doi":"10.21500/20112084.5400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression represents a pervasive and devastating psychological difficulty. It affects over 21% of the population at some point in their lives and can have an unimaginable impact on both individuals and society. Behavioural activation represents a popular intervention for depression and is commonly used by psychologists internationally. Despite its popularity, the cognitive mechanisms underpinning the efficacy of behavioural activation remain elusive. This paper will review the literature on this intervention and propose an account of the cognitive mechanisms underlying its therapeutic efficacy. Specifically, it is argued that behavioural activation is effective because it increases both the density of outcomes in ones environment and the density of highly salient action-outcome contingencies, which may otherwise be absent due to reduced motivation. The clinical implications are subsequently discussed, with reference to future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"126-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a4/3a/2011-2084-ijpr-15-01-126.PMC9529289.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33489316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Study of the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory in a Colombian Sample.","authors":"María Camila Navarro,&nbsp;Nathalia Quiroz Molinares,&nbsp;Moisés Mebarak","doi":"10.21500/20112084.5371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the factor structure of Spanish translation and adaptation of the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) in a sample of Colombian adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The sample of the study was n = 968. Respondents were aged between 18 and 52 years old (Mage=22.81, SD=4.42). Descriptive analyses, confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach's Alpha calculation were carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Internal consistency for the global scale was high (α=.89). Likewise, the coefficients of the Alternative factor and the Control factor were similar (α=.90, 95% CI=.89-.90 and α=.83, 95% CI=.81-.85, respectively). A two-factor structure performed best according to the results of model selection criteria. This model suggested the existence of two correlated factors, with correlated items within factors (Item19 Item20 and Item8 Item10).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the results suggest that the CFI scale exhibits construct validity and adequate reliability, both for the general scale and the subscales in the Colombian sample, enabling their use in contexts such as clinical or research.</p>","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"42-54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3d/32/2011-2084-ijpr-15-01-42.PMC9529284.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33506546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Perceived Social Support, Illness Perception, Life Orientation, Life Satisfaction, and Quality of Life Within a Sample of Cancer Patients.","authors":"Palmira Faraci,&nbsp;Rossella Bottaro","doi":"10.21500/20112084.5263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The impact of cancer represents a severe crisis for both patients and relatives. The implications of social support on well-being were well studied but several classifications have been proposed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present cross-sectional study was aimed at examining the association between perceived social support (PSS) from family, friends, and significant other and psychological well-being (illness perception, life orientation, life satisfaction, and quality of life).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 138 cancer patients recruited during waiting time for medical treatment or examination, mostly diagnosed for more than six months. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Life Orientation Test-Revised, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire were administered. Multiple regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients reported fatigue and loss of energy, and environmental pollution and change or bad luck as probable illness causes. Associations between (i) PSS from family and optimism, (ii) PSS from friends and personal control, coherence of disease, optimism, and physical functioning, (iii) PSS from significant other and life satisfaction were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results revealed a specific role for each different PSS source.</p>","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"9-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7b/6a/2011-2084-ijpr-15-01-9.PMC9529281.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33489668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}