International Journal of Psychological Research最新文献

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Sexual Double Standard Scale (DSS) in Chilean university students: Differences according to sex, gender attitudes, and religiosity.","authors":"Camila Díaz-Gutiérrez,&nbsp;Beatriz Pérez,&nbsp;Andrés Concha-Salgado","doi":"10.21500/20112084.5435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the complete lack of instruments in Chile to measure the phenomenon of the sexual double standard (SDS), this study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the sexual double standard scale (DSS). The sample contained 1036 university students from central and southern Chile. 61.1% (n = 633) were women, the average age was 20.4 years, and 31.7% (n = 259) identified as atheist or agnostic. The DSS demonstrated a unidimensional structure, excellent reliability, and evidence of convergent and discriminant validity: the higher the score in SDS, the greater the stereotypical attitudes about gender and the lower the transcendent attitudes. The religious participants obtained higher mean scores on the DSS and men obtained significantly higher SDS scores than women. In addition, the group of participants with extreme stereotypical attitudes obtained significantly higher scores on the DSS than the extreme transcendent attitudes group, in both men and women samples. Based on the evidence that links the SDS with sexual functioning and satisfaction, risky sexual practices, sexual aggression and victimization, and intimate partner violence, the DSS stands out as a contribution to the development of sex-affective education programs and the identification of individuals and groups at risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/84/29/2011-2084-ijpr-15-02-10.PMC10233959.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9582698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Interaction Effects of Age and Body Size on Body Appreciation and Health- Related Behaviors.","authors":"Minsun Lee,&nbsp;Hyun-Hwa Lee","doi":"10.21500/20112084.5490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whilst the associations among age, body size, body (dis)satisfaction, and weight management behavior have been well documented, there is little research on how the combination of age and body size is related to body appreciation and health-related behavioral intentions. The purpose of this study is to identify the associations of age, body size, and their interactions with body appreciation and health-related behavioral intentions among Korean women. A cross-sectional research design was adopted with a convenience sampling method. Using an online survey questionnaire, complete data on body appreciation, health-related behavioral intentions, body size, height, weight, and age were collected from 531 Korean adult women aged 20-77 years. Using average scores for each variable, a series of hierarchical regression analyses were performed to identify the relative contributions of predictor variables on each criterion variable. The significant interaction terms were further examined using the PROCESS macro in SPSS. Overall, older Korean women were found to be more likely to have a positive body image and lower levels of behavioral intentions towards striving for a healthy body than younger women. This study confirmed the relative contribution of subjective body size in explaining women's body-related perceptions and behaviors, as compared to their actual BMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b7/e2/2011-2084-ijpr-15-02-34.PMC10233953.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9570703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometrics of the SDQ-I for Palestinian Adolescent Students","authors":"Haitham M. Alkhateeb, R. Nasser, Eiman F. Abushihab","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4682","url":null,"abstract":"The Self-description Questionnaire–I (SDQ–I) is a multidimensional instrument that measures eight self-concept facets hypothesized in Shavelson’s hierarchical model. This study investigated self-concept in a sample of Palestinian adolescent students using an Arabic version of the SDQ–I. Three-hundred sixty adolescents (163 girls and 197 boys) aged 13 to 16 years (M = 14.3, SD = .87) participated. The 72-item SDQ–I was administered in four Palestinian schools to assess the psychometric properties of the SDQ–I. This included the factor structure and the internal consistency reliability of the SDQ–I subscales and mean score responses of Palestinian self-concept. Factor analysis results, which accounted for the majority of the variance, supported an underlying general self-concept factor structure that demonstrated the eight factors that the SDQ–I is designed to measure. This is consistent with previous studies in similar age groups and the SDQ– I reliabilities were similar to those reported in the literature. Students perceived total self-concept positively (mean = 3.71). Three facets of self-concept (parent relations, reading, and general self-concept) indicated high positive selfconcept. Correlations among the different dimensions were consistent with the hierarchical structure in Shavelson’s model. Overall, the findings provided compelling support for Shavelson’s model, and the structure validity of Western self-concept measure. Interpretations were provided for the discrepancies regarding the Palestinian-Arab culture.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81365290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Science Teaching Efficacy Beliefs of Palestinian Elementary Education Students","authors":"Haitham M. Alkhateeb, Ayal H. Alkhateeb","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4686","url":null,"abstract":"To assess elementary education students’ self-efficacy beliefs in science teaching, the Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument developed by Enochs and Riggs was used. The instrument consisted of two scales, Personal Science Teaching Efficacy Belief Scale and the Outcome Expectancy Scale. It was administered to 90 undergraduate university students majoring in elementary education at a large public Palestinian university. Results indicated that students’ self-efficacy beliefs in science teaching were comparable to those reported in the original study by Enochs and Riggs. Overall, the participants presented moderate to high self-efficacy in science teaching.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79568238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"There is No Mystery in Social System","authors":"Haitao Liu","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4621","url":null,"abstract":"There is a gap between the properties of social reality and the natural properties of the material bearer that carries it. Language constructivism uses language representations to bridge this gap, arguing that language constructs social reality. Emergence theory holds that the attributes of social reality cannot be reduced to the physical attributes of the carrier. This process is emergent. Language constructivism regards the process from mental reality to social reality as the product of language's own operation and the secret is hidden in language itself. Emergentism directly led social reality to mysticism. Mental reality is an initial existence, which includes both innate desires and needs and acquired values. Social reality is the external reality created by the subject through action according to his internal needs and desires. Mental reality and social reality are dynamically integrated into each other, which is achieved through rule-based action.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76028760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Evidence and Diverse Perspectives on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review","authors":"A. Amnie","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i2.4384","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:  ADHD is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence. Although the disorder starts to manifest early in childhood, a significant proportion of cases often persists into adulthood. ADHD negatively and significantly impacts social and occupational functioning and academic performance.  A number of extant theories and scientific evidence provide insight into the genesis and manifestations of ADHD and the attendant challenges of significant dysfunction that individuals may encounter at home, school, and the workplace. Method: This systematic review was conducted through a literature search for published peer-reviewed articles using standard PRISMA guidelines.  The goal of the study was to explore current theories, models, concepts, and risk factors about ADHD in published in peer-reviewed literature,. We made use of use several online databases— including PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Medline in the process of searching for relevant studies. Relevant peer-reviewed publications since the 1980s when the term Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) was introduced in DSM-III-R were included. Non-peer-reviewed publications, including dissertations,  editorials, commentaries, and materials published in languages other than English were excluded. Results and Discussion: The results of the review indicated that ADHD is characterized by a behavioral reaction that interferes with personal and social functioning. The factors associated with ADHD fall into several major thematic areas, including genetic and hereditary factors; dietary and nutritional factors; parenting and behavioral factors; adverse early life events, and high-risk environmental factors, crystallized by a number of developmental and behavioral theories. The review also identified a number of extant models and theories that attempt to explain the diverse perspectives associated with ADHD. Conclusion: This study has attempted to identify the major risk factors and diverse models and theories associated with ADHD.  The thematic risk factors include genetic and hereditary factors; dietary and nutritional factors; parenting and behavioral factors; adverse early life events, and high-risk environmental factors. The most prominent models identified include the biomedical model and the bio-psycho-social models, the latter being a more holistic approach which aims to treat both the patient and the disease. This review would provide an additional evidence base to individuals, families, and educators to make informed choices and decisions in the best interest of the affected children, including personal growth, healthcare, and medical needs, academic performance, and social skills development. ","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74843145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Photographs and Time Lag on Positivity Ratings of Vacation and Weekend Memories","authors":"K. Dijkstra, Keri A. Pekaar, Jacky Hooftman, Y. Osch","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4131","url":null,"abstract":"Two studies examined the question of whether photograph taking of an event influences the positivity of the evaluations of the event at a later point in time. Memories of photographed events yielded higher positivity ratings than memories that were not photographed. Although we expected fading of positivity ratings to occur more slowly over a period of two months for memories of photographed events, we found faster affect fading for those memories in Study 2 instead. The findings of the two studies support the idea that taking photographs of events sustains the affective reconstruction of autobiographical memories, regardless of whether these events are special, such as vacation memories, or more mundane, such as memories of the past weekend.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88730385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distance Interventions for Children with Sleep Problems: A Review","authors":"Tatiana Matheus Pinto, Jéssica Dayane da Silva, R. Rafihi-Ferreira, E. Silvares","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4166","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep problems in childhood are frequent and may cause damage to the children and their families; however, parental orientation appears to be effective in its many new formats, such as the distance treatment. This study aimed to review the literature about behavioral intervention performed by distance to sleep problems in childhood and summarize the main characteristics of such interventions. Searches were performed up to November 2021 in BVS Psicologia ULAPSI Brasil, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO, using the key words: sleep problems, insomnia, nighttime fears, behavioral intervention, behavioral treatment, treatment, intervention, sleep, behavior, child, children, infant, mobile phones, smartphone, app, telephone, online, internet, bibliotherapy. We included 14 studies. The main results indicate that interventions were implemented between 2 and 12 weeks, the most reported procedure was pre-sleep routines, and semipresential interventions that required some presential contact were the most frequent. Written educational information about sleep through bibliotherapy and telephone contacts were the most used tools to implement the remote component of interventions. Ten studies indicated improvements on children’s sleep, and secondary results (parental sleep and/or mental health) were also reported among studies. Therefore, our findings suggest that distance interventions for childhood sleep problems are promising, but future research is still needed","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79021214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Complaints at Psychological Emergency Service Associated with Referral to Extended Screening in a Psychology School Clinic","authors":"C. R. Baldassarini, Naiara Pinto Alves Pereira, Larissa Nicolau Pitta, Marcelo Monteiro De Souza, C. Rosa, Fernanda Pessolo Rocha","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4212","url":null,"abstract":"The Psychological Emergency Service (PES) at psychology school clinics is an unscheduled and free psychological service to meet urgent demands. From this service, some patients whose complaints require more time for clinical work are referred to the Extended Screening (ES), a modality composed of six extra appointments. This study aims to analyze the sociodemographic profile of patients seen on PES in a Brazilian Psychology School Clinic, and to identify the demands that motivated referral to the ES, for better qualification of the care offered. This is a descriptive analysis research, carried out based on data from the medical records of 46 patients who went through the PES and were referred to the ES at the institution, between the years 2019 and 2021. Sociodemographic data were collected and, from the session reports, a content analysis of the thematic analysis modality was performed to identify the complaints. The participants’ age ranged from 18 to 65 years, with a mean of 32.28 years (sd = 10.95). There was a predominance of female participants (71.74%), that completed High School (39.14%) and had an income from one to two Brazilian minimum wages (32.61%). The most frequent complaints were depressive symptoms (56.52%) and difficulties in interpersonal relationships (32.61%). The results obtained, besides allowing the survey of the social and demographic profile of the clientele of the PES at the Psychology School Clinic, and demonstrating its social relevance by providing free psychological care, also show to be of great importance for the definition of more accurate criteria for referral to the ES of patients seen on PES.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85586954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outlook of Cognitive Neuroscience","authors":"Bo Liu, Wei Xie","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i1.4287","url":null,"abstract":"Social science researches at present emphasize the construction of relations between multiple constructs. Psychological science is no exception. Before verifying whether their hypotheses are true with a questionnaire method or experimental method, scholars will check out the hot topics of recent years and construct multiple mediating and moderating relations first. They work on scattered topics that more or less overlap with many other disciplines. In previous years, the author focused on studying the youths with poor mental health in the new era of China, observing their moral choices in the corporate environment through game theory experiments. The conclusions are usually surprising- most new-generation youths choose to maximize their self-interests from between pro-social behaviors and risk aversion.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88599987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}