International Journal of Psychological Research最新文献

{"title":"Do They Pose a Danger: Evaluation of the Recidivism Characteristics in China’s Community Corrections?","authors":"Haoran Xu, Xiaomei Liu","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v5i1.5340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v5i1.5340","url":null,"abstract":"The modern criminal justice system includes community corrections, which play a preventive role in lowering recidivism among offenders. However, some offenders continue to commit crimes during community corrections. This research focuses on community corrections in Chinese community policing practice, particularly offender recidivism. The study collected a total of 500 questionnaires from offenders in the provincial administrative regions of northern China, which included first offense status, psychological status, and recidivism behavior. The study found that most recidivists are usually arrested for “drunk driving”, which may be related to their ability to exercise self-restraint, and that alcohol may contribute to their deviant behavior. Another important finding relates to young recidivists, who may have difficulty securing employment during community corrections and thus use crime again to gain income. In general, this study explores the offender population in Chinese community corrections practice and discusses the factors within it that influence offender recidivism. This may support law enforcement agencies in further evaluating the effectiveness of community corrections, and may provide new information for understanding community corrections in China.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78118165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attachment Style and Empathy in Late children, Adolescents, and Adults: Meta-analytic Review.","authors":"Florencia de Sanctis, Belén Mesurado","doi":"10.21500/20112084.5409","DOIUrl":"10.21500/20112084.5409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attachment has a fundamental role in the development of empathy, which helps people interact with others and prevents aggressive behaviors. It is believed that having a secure attachment can promote empathy. However, there is no clear evidence about the relationship between insecure attachment styles and empathy. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the relation between different types of attachment and empathy from late children to adults (9-47 years). It was conducted using 14 studies (11542 participants) for the secure attachment, 7 studies (3115 participants) for the avoidant, and 8 studies (3479 participants) for the anxious-ambivalent. Results indicated that secure attachment was positively correlated with empathy, avoidant attachment was negatively correlated, and anxious-ambivalent attachment had an inconclusive relationship. Whereas the results obtained for the secure and avoidant attachment with empathy are consistent with literature, the inconsistencies in anxious-ambivalent style may be due to a duality of feelings experienced by these individuals, who go from high levels of empathy (to be accepted) to low levels of empathy (to avoid distressing emotions). We suggest broadening the limit in age, include the multidirectional nature of empathy, as well as the effect of gender and different sorts of affiliations (parents, couples) for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5d/3c/2011-2084-ijpr-15-02-114.PMC10233954.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9576956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Well-being: Measuring “Good Life”, Shifting Values, and Cross-cultural Applicability","authors":"A. Lijadi","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v5i1.5506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v5i1.5506","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of well-being has evolved over the several decades as research continued to reveal its multidimensional, dynamic, person-specific, and culture-specific nature, including most recently, the ecological embeddedness of well-being. Well-being encompasses how well people live with regard to people’s physical, social, and mental conditions, the fulfillment of their basic needs and capabilities, and the opportunities and resources to which they have access. Scholars use well-being research to understand why some humans thrive, while others do not. Dissatisfaction with the skewed decision-making solely based on the Gross National Product/Gross Domestic Product by many stakeholders has triggered scientists to develop well-being indicators. Scholars and practitioners still disagree about how to best measure well-being due to its complexity (or comprehensiveness), accessibility, and communicability. There is no single indicator set that will be able to capture all relevant aspects of individual and societal. However, policymakers and scientists need measures that can be used effectively in communication and research to provide relevant information to citizens and politicians. One of the first attempt to move away from the economic indicator is the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI), which rank countries by changes that occurred in real-life conditions such as the distribution of social benefits between the sexes, among ethnic groups, and by region and sector. The PQLI facilitates international and regional comparisons by minimizing developmental and cultural ethnocentricities . The concept of PQLI, with correction on the overlap between infant mortality and life expectancy, was later adopted and improved","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84315830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Powerful Role of Mothers in Adolescent Purpose Development","authors":"Lily Konowitz, Terese Lund*, Shao Wei Chew Chia, Madeline Reed, Willow Wood, B. Liang, David L. Blustein, Michael Barnett","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v5i1.5236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v5i1.5236","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence is a critical time for the cultivation of life purpose, also known as a meaningful long-term aim focused on contribution to others. Youth with purpose, especially marginalized youth, report a number of positive outcomes. Relationships with caring adults appear to be particularly helpful in guiding young people on their path to purpose, but little work has focused specifically on the role of mothers. This qualitative study, approved by a Institutional Review Board, examines how twenty adolescents from marginalized communities describe their sense of purpose and its relationship to their caregivers. The sample size was determined based on saturation, a process in qualitative research when the researchers begin to observe redundancy in the data. Through content analysis, a major theme emerged: the role of mothers and their impact on purpose development on their children. Results showed that mothers helped their adolescents develop their sense of purpose through serving as a sense of inspiration, providing the adolescents with support, sparking a desire for the adolescents to make their mothers proud, and through the mothers and adolescents in engaging in conversations about one’s future.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83052153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions and Experiences of Adult Learners of Online Learning in the Era of COVID-19 in Ghana","authors":"Samuel Richard Ziggah, P. Eshun, Inuusah Mahama","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i4.5268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i4.5268","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 Pandemic has undoubtedly affected learners, and as such, adjustments need to be made for successful teaching and learning through online learning. However, in Ghana, the effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic did not spare adult learners who are compelled by educational reforms to upgrade themselves academically using online learning platforms. Using a descriptive design, the study explored the perceptions and experiences of 166 (online data collection) adult learners as they pursue their academic programs through online learning. An adapted questionnaire on perceptions and online learning experiences developed by Khan, Nabi, Khojah, and Tahir (2021) was used for the data collection. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis technique was used to analyse the data. The study revealed that respondents felt confident while using online learning content but refuted that those technologies permit them to take tests and submit assignments electronically. Furthermore, the study revealed that online learning service was making the learning process very simplified. The revelation means that adult learners possess positive experiences and perceptions about online learning. Therefore, online teaching and learning in higher education institutions should be made a routine activity in Ghana even after the COVID-19 Pandemic because the world is approaching a technological world.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77860047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between the Craft and the Mud: An Analysis of the Work and Health Relationship of Firefighters in the Breach of the Córrego do Feijão Dam—Brumadinho/MG","authors":"Hugo Santos, Simone Oliveira, Sergio Portella","doi":"10.30564/jpr.v4i4.5266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30564/jpr.v4i4.5266","url":null,"abstract":"Faced with the rupture of the VALE S.A. tailings dam that hit the city of Brumadinho (MG), the article sought to better understand the organisation of work of military firefighters who participated in the search and rescue operation and the relationship between work and health present in this scenario. This is a qualitative research with a focus on the subjective production of the speeches of seven firefighters who were interviewed individually with a semi-structured script, using as a basis of analysis the ergological perspective and the productions of the psychodynamics of work. The firefighters experienced a scenario with risks of injury, contamination, and even death. In the interviews, they showed that more than twelve hours of work was responsible for sleep problems during and after the performance, as well as the food provided and the lack of time for physical exercise proved to be aggravating factors for their health. Working in the tailing’s mud combined the development of musculoskeletal problems and anxiety, due to the possibility of contamination by metals present in the mud. The work relationships show a high degree of trust and recognition between the firefighters and the affected population, which helped in the motivation and continuation of the operation until the present moment. The work in this operation that gained national prominence was responsible for the feeling of pride and for feeling more capable and prepared to act in other disasters. This research is expected to broaden the discussion about the work-health relationship of military firefighters exposed to disasters, as well as serve as a subsidy to encourage the creation of public policies focused on the health of these workers.","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84105595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and reliability of Spanish version of the EQ-i: YV[S] in Colombian children and youth.","authors":"Claudia P Navarro-Roldán,&nbsp;Sandra Mateus-Gómez,&nbsp;Catalina Botero Ruge,&nbsp;Gabriel Velez","doi":"10.21500/20112084.5677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Validity and reliability evaluations of the Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version (EQ-i: YV[S]) with children and adolescents from different countries have shown variations in the structural model proposed by Bar-On.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the psychometric properties of EQ-i: YV[S] with a Colombian' sample.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We randomly selected a sample of 1355 children and adolescents between 8 and 14 years old (M_age = 10.80; SD = 1.41). We conducted exploratory (n₁ = 416) and confirmatory (n₂ = 939) factor analyses (EFA, CFA), reliability, internal consistency, and predictive validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The EFA explained 27.6% of the variance. The AFC indicated a multidimensional structure with four factors and 21 items obtained the best fit (χ² = 334.358; df = 183; RMSEA=0.030; CFI=.951; TLI=944; NFI=.899) with acceptable internal consistency (ω = .57,.75). EQ-i: YV[S] factors explain 18.5% of the observed variance in problem-centered coping scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The psychometric fit of the inventory supports evidence of its usefulness for screening processes in clinical or educational assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ea/21/2011-2084-ijpr-16-01-29.PMC10402643.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9951083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Image, Media Influences, and Situational Dysphoria in Individuals with Visible Physical Disabilities.","authors":"Marios Argyrides,&nbsp;Christiana Koundourou,&nbsp;Athina Angelidou,&nbsp;Elly Anastasiades","doi":"10.21500/20112084.6014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.6014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Body image in individuals with visible physical disabilities appears to be an important area of research and investigation, which has received little attention over the years. The purpose of the current descriptive, cross-sectional study was to investigate relationships between the body image construct, possible media influences on body image satisfaction, self-esteem, and the novel variable of situational body image dysphoria in individuals with visible physical disabilities. One hundred fifty-four men and women responded to the measures of interest. Results indicated that appearance satisfaction, weight-related anxiety, pressures from the media, and the internalization of the thin ideal were significant predictors of situational body image dysphoria. Additionally, when controlling for type of disability, females face more difficulties concerning only some of the variables of interest. These findings have important implications for practice with regards to screening measures, the education of healthcare professionals, as well as intervention and rehabilitation programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/4f/2011-2084-ijpr-16-01-78.PMC10402647.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9951087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of PERMA Profiler Scale in Argentinian Adolescents.","authors":"Nicole C Waigel,&nbsp;Viviana N Lemos","doi":"10.21500/20112084.5737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To adapt and validate the PERMA Profiler Scale (Butler & Kern, 2016) for Argentinian adolescents.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The items were reviewed by 6 expert judges and 21 adolescents. The sample consisted of 421 adolescents (<i>M</i> = 14<i>.</i>9; <i>SD</i> = 1<i>.</i>75). The content validity and the discrimination capacity of the items were assessed. Afterwards, the structure of the scale was analyzed, as well as the internal consistency and the concurrent validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the items obtained an Aiken's <i>V</i> between .8 and 1 and were discriminatory. The factor analysis confirmed the five-dimension structure (<i>CFI</i> = <i>.</i>94, <i>T LI</i> = <i>.</i>92; <i>RMSEA</i> = <i>.</i>08, <i>SRMR</i> = <i>.</i>04). An <i>Alpha</i> of .92 was obtained for the full scale and satisfactory levels were obtained for the subscales. The correlations for concurrent validity were significant and in line with what was theoretically expected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This adaptation enables the assessment of flourishing in a practical way.</p>","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8e/48/2011-2084-ijpr-16-01-103.PMC10402642.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9951084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical-Psychological Aspects Involved in Gynecological Surgery: Description of Peri-Operative Psychopathological Symptoms and Illness Behavior.","authors":"Simona Mortilla,&nbsp;Carlo Pruneti,&nbsp;Giuseppe Masellis,&nbsp;Sara Guidotti,&nbsp;Chiara Caramuscio","doi":"10.21500/20112084.5981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Within the current literature concerning the gynecological surgery, there are only a few studies that focus on the psychological aspects that characterize the peri-operative period. In this research, the psychopathological symptoms and the illness behavior were assessed in order to confirm previous results about clinical variables such as the type and method of intervention, as well as psychological aspects regarding the positive anamnesis for mental disorders. Moreover, other factors including the desire for maternity and previous surgical interventions and pregnancies were also investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational research, 58 women (age = 41.5<i>±</i>8.8), that undergone gynecological surgery (conservative and non-conservative) for benign pathologies, were consecutively recruited. Information on psychopathological symptoms was collected 15 days (T0) and one day before surgery (T1), and at the time of discharge (T2) through the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ). At T2, the Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) was also administered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The descriptive analyzes conducted on the total sample demonstrated that while anxious activation and irritable mood decrease from T0 to T1, somatizations and depression mood increase between T1 and T2. Moreover, the comparisons between groups, dividing the sample according to the clinical-medical and psychological variables, highlighted that the type and modality of the intervention, as well as a positive history for the presence of psychological disorders, the desire for maternity, and previous surgical interventions and pregnancies, can influence the course of psychopathological symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the need to include a clinical-psychological evaluation and to pay attention to specific clinical variables regarding women that are undergoing a conservative or non-conservative gynecological surgery. Considering the psychological impact of these type of interventions, the clinical history of these women, as well as their fears and desires, could facilitate a better management of the patients in terms of well-being, adherence to treatment, and recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":46542,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychological Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1f/cf/2011-2084-ijpr-16-01-56.PMC10402648.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9951088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}