Emerging Topics in Life Sciences最新文献_第9页

Neuroanatomical asymmetries in nonhuman primates in the homologs to Broca's and Wernicke's areas: a mini-review. 非人灵长类布洛卡区和韦尼克区同源区的神经解剖不对称：微型综述。

IF 3.4

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210279

William D Hopkins

引用次数: 0

Spatial patterns in ecological systems: from microbial colonies to landscapes. 生态系统的空间格局:从微生物群落到景观。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-09 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210282

R. Martínez-García, C. Tarnita, J. A. Bonachela

{"title":"Spatial patterns in ecological systems: from microbial colonies to landscapes.","authors":"R. Martínez-García, C. Tarnita, J. A. Bonachela","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20210282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20210282","url":null,"abstract":"Self-organized spatial patterns are ubiquitous in ecological systems and allow populations to adopt non-trivial spatial distributions starting from disordered configurations. These patterns form due to diverse nonlinear interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment, and lead to the emergence of new (eco)system-level properties unique to self-organized systems. Such pattern consequences include higher resilience and resistance to environmental changes, abrupt ecosystem collapse, hysteresis loops, and reversal of competitive exclusion. Here, we review ecological systems exhibiting self-organized patterns. We establish two broad pattern categories depending on whether the self-organizing process is primarily driven by nonlinear density-dependent demographic rates or by nonlinear density-dependent movement. Using this organization, we examine a wide range of observational scales, from microbial colonies to whole ecosystems, and discuss the mechanisms hypothesized to underlie observed patterns and their system-level consequences. For each example, we review both the empirical evidence and the existing theoretical frameworks developed to identify the causes and consequences of patterning. Finally, we trace qualitative similarities across systems and propose possible ways of developing a more quantitative understanding of how self-organization operates across systems and observational scales in ecology.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47275428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

God playing dice, revisited: determinism and indeterminism in studies of stochastic phenotypic variation. 上帝在玩骰子，重访：随机表型变异研究中的决定论和不确定性。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210285

D. Lajus

{"title":"God playing dice, revisited: determinism and indeterminism in studies of stochastic phenotypic variation.","authors":"D. Lajus","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20210285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20210285","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical studies of phenotypic variation show that genetic and environmental heterogeneity account for only part of it. Usually, the magnitude of the residual variation is comparable with that of the genetic component, while notably exceeding the magnitude of the environmental component. This can be interpreted in two ways. A deterministic interpretation associates it with artifacts such as measurement error and genetic and environmental heterogeneity that is unaccounted for. An indeterministic interpretation argues that it is random or stochastic phenotypic variation (SPV) resulting from developmental instability - a developing organism's inability to produce a consistent phenotype in a given environment. Classical example of debates between determinists and indeterminists took place about a century ago in quantum physics. In discussing Heidelberg's Uncertainty Principle, Einstein metaphorically expressed his deterministic position: 'God does not play dice with universe'. The indeterministic Uncertainty Principle, however, was eventually widely accepted. Currently, most biologists implicitly or explicitly support deterministic interpretations of phenotypic variation patterns. Here, a wide range of data on morphological traits (studied with analysis of fluctuating asymmetry) and non-morphological traits are analyzed to provide evidence that SPV is not an artifact, but a valid phenomenon. This evidence supports conclusions that observed associations between SPV and stress can be analyzed in the framework of dynamic energy budget theory, and are inextricably linked through energy homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41619616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Translational multi-omics microbiome research for strategies to improve cattle production and health. 翻译多组学微生物组研究策略，提高牛的生产和健康。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210257

Yixin Wang, Le Luo Guan

引用次数: 1

Metabolomics as an emerging tool to study plant-microbe interactions. 代谢组学是研究植物与微生物相互作用的新兴工具。

IF 3.4

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210262

Sneha Gupta, Martino Schillaci, Ute Roessner

{"title":"Metabolomics as an emerging tool to study plant-microbe interactions.","authors":"Sneha Gupta, Martino Schillaci, Ute Roessner","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20210262","DOIUrl":"10.1042/ETLS20210262","url":null,"abstract":"In natural environments, interaction between plant roots and microorganisms are common. These interactions between microbial species and plants inhabited by them are being studied using various techniques. Metabolomics research based on mass spectrometric techniques is one of the crucial approaches that underpins system biology and relies on precision instrument analysis. In the last decade, this emerging field has received extensive attention. It provides a qualitative and quantitative approach for determining the mechanisms of symbiosis of bacteria and fungi with plants and also helps to elucidate the tolerance mechanisms of host plants against various abiotic stresses. However, this -omics application and its tools in plant-microbe interaction studies is still underutilized compared with genomic and transcriptomic methods. Therefore, it is crucial to bring this field forward to bear on the study of plant resistance and susceptibility. This review describes the current status of methods and progress in metabolomics applications for plant-microbe interaction studies discussing current challenges and future prospects.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9023012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39943195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Omics-based ecosurveillance for the assessment of ecosystem function, health, and resilience. 基于组学的生态监测在生态系统功能、健康和恢复力评估中的应用

IF 3.4

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210261

David J Beale, Oliver A H Jones, Utpal Bose, James A Broadbent, Thomas K Walsh, Jodie van de Kamp, Andrew Bissett

{"title":"Omics-based ecosurveillance for the assessment of ecosystem function, health, and resilience.","authors":"David J Beale, Oliver A H Jones, Utpal Bose, James A Broadbent, Thomas K Walsh, Jodie van de Kamp, Andrew Bissett","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20210261","DOIUrl":"10.1042/ETLS20210261","url":null,"abstract":"Current environmental monitoring efforts often focus on known, regulated contaminants ignoring the potential effects of unmeasured compounds and/or environmental factors. These specific, targeted approaches lack broader environmental information and understanding, hindering effective environmental management and policy. Switching to comprehensive, untargeted monitoring of contaminants, organism health, and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature, and pH, would provide more effective monitoring with a likely concomitant increase in environmental health. However, even this method would not capture subtle biochemical changes in organisms induced by chronic toxicant exposure. Ecosurveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of ecosystem health-related data that can address this knowledge gap and provide much-needed additional lines of evidence to environmental monitoring programs. Its use would therefore be of great benefit to environmental management and assessment. Unfortunately, the science of 'ecosurveillance', especially omics-based ecosurveillance is not well known. Here, we give an overview of this emerging area and show how it has been beneficially applied in a range of systems. We anticipate this review to be a starting point for further efforts to improve environmental monitoring via the integration of comprehensive chemical assessments and molecular biology-based approaches. Bringing multiple levels of omics technology-based assessment together into a systems-wide ecosurveillance approach will bring a greater understanding of the environment, particularly the microbial communities upon which we ultimately rely to remediate perturbed ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9023019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44669888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applications of cell- and tissue-specific 'omics to improve plant productivity. 细胞和组织特异性组学在提高植物生产力中的应用

IF 3.4

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210286

Bhavna Hurgobin, Mathew G Lewsey

{"title":"Applications of cell- and tissue-specific 'omics to improve plant productivity.","authors":"Bhavna Hurgobin, Mathew G Lewsey","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20210286","DOIUrl":"10.1042/ETLS20210286","url":null,"abstract":"The individual tissues and cell types of plants each have characteristic properties that contribute to the function of the plant as a whole. These are reflected by unique patterns of gene expression, protein and metabolite content, which enable cell-type-specific patterns of growth, development and physiology. Gene regulatory networks act within the cell types to govern the production and activity of these components. For the broader organism to grow and reproduce successfully, cell-type-specific activity must also function within the context of surrounding cell types, which is achieved by coordination of signalling pathways. We can investigate how gene regulatory networks are constructed and function using integrative 'omics technologies. Historically such experiments in plant biological research have been performed at the bulk tissue level, to organ resolution at best. In this review, we describe recent advances in cell- and tissue-specific 'omics technologies that allow investigation at much improved resolution. We discuss the advantages of these approaches for fundamental and translational plant biology, illustrated through the examples of specialised metabolism in medicinal plants and seed germination. We also discuss the challenges that must be overcome for such approaches to be adopted widely by the community.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9023014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48975839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epigenome guided crop improvement: current progress and future opportunities. 表观基因组指导作物改良:当前进展和未来机遇。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210258

Yan Zhang, Haylie Andrews, Judith Eglitis-Sexton, Ian Godwin, Miloš Tanurdžić, Peter A Crisp

{"title":"Epigenome guided crop improvement: current progress and future opportunities.","authors":"Yan Zhang, Haylie Andrews, Judith Eglitis-Sexton, Ian Godwin, Miloš Tanurdžić, Peter A Crisp","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20210258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20210258","url":null,"abstract":"Epigenomics encompasses a broad field of study, including the investigation of chromatin states, chromatin modifications and their impact on gene regulation; as well as the phenomena of epigenetic inheritance. The epigenome is a multi-modal layer of information superimposed on DNA sequences, instructing their usage in gene expression. As such, it is an emerging focus of efforts to improve crop performance. Broadly, this might be divided into avenues that leverage chromatin information to better annotate and decode plant genomes, and into complementary strategies that aim to identify and select for heritable epialleles that control crop traits independent of underlying genotype. In this review, we focus on the first approach, which we term 'epigenome guided' improvement. This encompasses the use of chromatin profiles to enhance our understanding of the composition and structure of complex crop genomes. We discuss the current progress and future prospects towards integrating this epigenomic information into crop improvement strategies; in particular for CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and precision genome engineering. We also highlight some specific opportunities and challenges for grain and horticultural crops.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9023013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9178186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

How ‘omics technologies can drive plant engineering, ecosystem surveillance, human and animal health 组学技术如何推动植物工程、生态系统监测、人类和动物健康

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220020

Bhavna Hurgobin, Mathew G. Lewsey

引用次数: 1

The ease and complexity of identifying and using specialized metabolites for crop engineering 在作物工程中识别和使用专门代谢物的简易性和复杂性

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210248

Anna Jo Muhich, Amanda Agosto-Ramos, D. Kliebenstein

{"title":"The ease and complexity of identifying and using specialized metabolites for crop engineering","authors":"Anna Jo Muhich, Amanda Agosto-Ramos, D. Kliebenstein","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20210248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20210248","url":null,"abstract":"Plants produce a broad variety of specialized metabolites with distinct biological activities and potential applications. Despite this potential, most biosynthetic pathways governing specialized metabolite production remain largely unresolved across the plant kingdom. The rapid advancement of genetics and biochemical tools has enhanced our ability to identify plant specialized metabolic pathways. Further advancements in transgenic technology and synthetic biology approaches have extended this to a desire to design new pathways or move existing pathways into new systems to address long-running difficulties in crop systems. This includes improving abiotic and biotic stress resistance, boosting nutritional content, etc. In this review, we assess the potential and limitations for (1) identifying specialized metabolic pathways in plants with multi-omics tools and (2) using these enzymes in synthetic biology or crop engineering. The goal of these topics is to highlight areas of research that may need further investment to enhance the successful application of synthetic biology for exploiting the myriad of specialized metabolic pathways.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43955818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4