Emerging Topics in Life Sciences最新文献_第9页

Floral symmetry: the geometry of plant reproduction. 花对称:植物繁殖的几何学。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210270

Yuxiang Jiang, Laila Moubayidin

{"title":"Floral symmetry: the geometry of plant reproduction.","authors":"Yuxiang Jiang, Laila Moubayidin","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20210270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20210270","url":null,"abstract":"The flower is an astonishing innovation that arose during plant evolution allowing flowering plants - also known as angiosperms - to dominate life on earth in a relatively short period of geological time. Flowers are formed from secondary meristems by co-ordinated differentiation of flower organs, such as sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. The position, number and morphology of these flower organs impose a geometrical pattern - or symmetry type - within the flower which is a trait tightly connected to successful reproduction. During evolution, flower symmetry switched from the ancestral poly-symmetric (radial symmetry) to the mono-symmetric (bilateral symmetry) type multiple times, including numerous reversals, with these events linked to co-evolution with pollinators and reproductive strategies. In this review, we introduce the diversity of flower symmetry, trace its evolution in angiosperms, and highlight the conserved genetic basis underpinning symmetry control in flowers. Finally, we discuss the importance of building upon the concept of flower symmetry by looking at the mechanisms orchestrating symmetry within individual flower organs and summarise the current scenario on symmetry patterning of the female reproductive organ, the gynoecium, the ultimate flower structure presiding over fertilisation and seed production.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"259-269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9472818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40434275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Developmental instability, fluctuating asymmetry, and human psychological science. 发展不稳定、波动不对称和人类心理科学。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20220025

Steven W Gangestad

{"title":"Developmental instability, fluctuating asymmetry, and human psychological science.","authors":"Steven W Gangestad","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20220025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20220025","url":null,"abstract":"Developmental instability (DI) is an individual's inability to produce a specific developmental outcome under a given set of conditions, generally thought to result from random perturbations experienced during development. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) - asymmetry on bilateral features that, on average, are symmetrical (or asymmetry deviating from that arising from design) - has been used to measure DI. Dating to half a century ago, and accelerating in the past three decades, psychological researchers have examined associations between FA (typically measured on bodily or facial features) and a host of outcomes of interest, including psychological disorders, cognitive ability, attractiveness, and sexual behavior. A decade ago, a meta-analysis on findings from nearly 100 studies extracted several conclusions. On average, small but statistically reliable associations between FA and traits of interest exist. Though modest, these associations are expected to greatly underestimate the strength of associations with underlying DI. Despite the massive sample size across studies, we still lack a good handle on which traits are most strongly affected by DI. A major methodological implication of the meta-analysis is that most studies have been, individually, woefully underpowered to detect associations. Though offering some intriguing findings, much research is the past decade too has been underpowered; hence, the newer literature is also likely noisy. Several large-scale studies are exceptions. Future progress depends on additional large-scale studies and researchers' sensitivity to power issues. As well, theoretical assumptions and conceptualizations of DI and FA driving psychological research may need revision to explain empirical patterns.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"311-322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40718100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Anthropometric fluctuating asymmetries in living humans through the eyes of an anthropologist. 通过人类学家的视角观察活人的波动不对称。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210276

Barış Özener

引用次数: 2

Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of stress. 波动不对称作为压力的指示。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210274

Vladimir M Zakharov, Ilya E Trofimov

引用次数: 8

Shape asymmetry - what's new? 形状不对称——有什么新鲜事吗?

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210273

Christian Peter Klingenberg

{"title":"Shape asymmetry - what's new?","authors":"Christian Peter Klingenberg","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20210273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20210273","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of shape asymmetry have become increasingly abundant as the methods of geometric morphometrics have gained widespread use. Most of these studies have focussed on fluctuating asymmetry and have largely obtained similar results as more traditional analyses of asymmetry in distance measurements, but several notable differences have also emerged. A key difference is that shape analyses provide information on the patterns, not just the amount of variation, and therefore tend to be more sensitive. Such analyses have shown that apparently symmetric structures in animals consistently show directional asymmetry for shape, but not for size. Furthermore, the long-standing prediction that phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental heterogeneity can contribute to fluctuating asymmetry has been confirmed for the first time for the shape of flower parts (but not for size). Finally, shape analyses in structures with complex symmetry, such as many flowers, can distinguish multiple types of directional asymmetry, generated by distinct direction-giving factors, which combine to the single component observable in bilaterally symmetric structures. While analyses of shape asymmetry are broadly compatible with traditional analyses of asymmetry, they incorporate more detailed morphological information, particularly for structures with complex symmetry, and therefore can reveal subtle biological effects that would otherwise not be apparent. This makes them a promising tool for a wide range of studies in the basic and applied life sciences.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"285-294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40404149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Spatial patterns in ecological systems: from microbial colonies to landscapes. 生态系统的空间格局:从微生物群落到景观。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-09 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210282

R. Martínez-García, C. Tarnita, J. A. Bonachela

{"title":"Spatial patterns in ecological systems: from microbial colonies to landscapes.","authors":"R. Martínez-García, C. Tarnita, J. A. Bonachela","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20210282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20210282","url":null,"abstract":"Self-organized spatial patterns are ubiquitous in ecological systems and allow populations to adopt non-trivial spatial distributions starting from disordered configurations. These patterns form due to diverse nonlinear interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment, and lead to the emergence of new (eco)system-level properties unique to self-organized systems. Such pattern consequences include higher resilience and resistance to environmental changes, abrupt ecosystem collapse, hysteresis loops, and reversal of competitive exclusion. Here, we review ecological systems exhibiting self-organized patterns. We establish two broad pattern categories depending on whether the self-organizing process is primarily driven by nonlinear density-dependent demographic rates or by nonlinear density-dependent movement. Using this organization, we examine a wide range of observational scales, from microbial colonies to whole ecosystems, and discuss the mechanisms hypothesized to underlie observed patterns and their system-level consequences. For each example, we review both the empirical evidence and the existing theoretical frameworks developed to identify the causes and consequences of patterning. Finally, we trace qualitative similarities across systems and propose possible ways of developing a more quantitative understanding of how self-organization operates across systems and observational scales in ecology.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47275428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

God playing dice, revisited: determinism and indeterminism in studies of stochastic phenotypic variation. 上帝在玩骰子，重访：随机表型变异研究中的决定论和不确定性。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-27 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210285

D. Lajus

{"title":"God playing dice, revisited: determinism and indeterminism in studies of stochastic phenotypic variation.","authors":"D. Lajus","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20210285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20210285","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical studies of phenotypic variation show that genetic and environmental heterogeneity account for only part of it. Usually, the magnitude of the residual variation is comparable with that of the genetic component, while notably exceeding the magnitude of the environmental component. This can be interpreted in two ways. A deterministic interpretation associates it with artifacts such as measurement error and genetic and environmental heterogeneity that is unaccounted for. An indeterministic interpretation argues that it is random or stochastic phenotypic variation (SPV) resulting from developmental instability - a developing organism's inability to produce a consistent phenotype in a given environment. Classical example of debates between determinists and indeterminists took place about a century ago in quantum physics. In discussing Heidelberg's Uncertainty Principle, Einstein metaphorically expressed his deterministic position: 'God does not play dice with universe'. The indeterministic Uncertainty Principle, however, was eventually widely accepted. Currently, most biologists implicitly or explicitly support deterministic interpretations of phenotypic variation patterns. Here, a wide range of data on morphological traits (studied with analysis of fluctuating asymmetry) and non-morphological traits are analyzed to provide evidence that SPV is not an artifact, but a valid phenomenon. This evidence supports conclusions that observed associations between SPV and stress can be analyzed in the framework of dynamic energy budget theory, and are inextricably linked through energy homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41619616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Translational multi-omics microbiome research for strategies to improve cattle production and health. 翻译多组学微生物组研究策略，提高牛的生产和健康。

IF 3.8

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210257

Yixin Wang, Le Luo Guan

引用次数: 1

Omics-based ecosurveillance for the assessment of ecosystem function, health, and resilience. 基于组学的生态监测在生态系统功能、健康和恢复力评估中的应用

IF 3.4

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210261

David J Beale, Oliver A H Jones, Utpal Bose, James A Broadbent, Thomas K Walsh, Jodie van de Kamp, Andrew Bissett

{"title":"Omics-based ecosurveillance for the assessment of ecosystem function, health, and resilience.","authors":"David J Beale, Oliver A H Jones, Utpal Bose, James A Broadbent, Thomas K Walsh, Jodie van de Kamp, Andrew Bissett","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20210261","DOIUrl":"10.1042/ETLS20210261","url":null,"abstract":"Current environmental monitoring efforts often focus on known, regulated contaminants ignoring the potential effects of unmeasured compounds and/or environmental factors. These specific, targeted approaches lack broader environmental information and understanding, hindering effective environmental management and policy. Switching to comprehensive, untargeted monitoring of contaminants, organism health, and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature, and pH, would provide more effective monitoring with a likely concomitant increase in environmental health. However, even this method would not capture subtle biochemical changes in organisms induced by chronic toxicant exposure. Ecosurveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of ecosystem health-related data that can address this knowledge gap and provide much-needed additional lines of evidence to environmental monitoring programs. Its use would therefore be of great benefit to environmental management and assessment. Unfortunately, the science of 'ecosurveillance', especially omics-based ecosurveillance is not well known. Here, we give an overview of this emerging area and show how it has been beneficially applied in a range of systems. We anticipate this review to be a starting point for further efforts to improve environmental monitoring via the integration of comprehensive chemical assessments and molecular biology-based approaches. Bringing multiple levels of omics technology-based assessment together into a systems-wide ecosurveillance approach will bring a greater understanding of the environment, particularly the microbial communities upon which we ultimately rely to remediate perturbed ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"185-199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9023019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44669888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applications of cell- and tissue-specific 'omics to improve plant productivity. 细胞和组织特异性组学在提高植物生产力中的应用

IF 3.4

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.1042/ETLS20210286

Bhavna Hurgobin, Mathew G Lewsey

{"title":"Applications of cell- and tissue-specific 'omics to improve plant productivity.","authors":"Bhavna Hurgobin, Mathew G Lewsey","doi":"10.1042/ETLS20210286","DOIUrl":"10.1042/ETLS20210286","url":null,"abstract":"The individual tissues and cell types of plants each have characteristic properties that contribute to the function of the plant as a whole. These are reflected by unique patterns of gene expression, protein and metabolite content, which enable cell-type-specific patterns of growth, development and physiology. Gene regulatory networks act within the cell types to govern the production and activity of these components. For the broader organism to grow and reproduce successfully, cell-type-specific activity must also function within the context of surrounding cell types, which is achieved by coordination of signalling pathways. We can investigate how gene regulatory networks are constructed and function using integrative 'omics technologies. Historically such experiments in plant biological research have been performed at the bulk tissue level, to organ resolution at best. In this review, we describe recent advances in cell- and tissue-specific 'omics technologies that allow investigation at much improved resolution. We discuss the advantages of these approaches for fundamental and translational plant biology, illustrated through the examples of specialised metabolism in medicinal plants and seed germination. We also discuss the challenges that must be overcome for such approaches to be adopted widely by the community.","PeriodicalId":46394,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Topics in Life Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"163-173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9023014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48975839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0