花对称:植物繁殖的几何学。

IF 3.4 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Yuxiang Jiang, Laila Moubayidin
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引用次数: 5

摘要

花是植物进化过程中出现的一种惊人的创新,它使开花植物——也被称为被子植物——在相对较短的地质时间内主宰了地球上的生命。花由次生分生组织形成,通过花器官的协调分化,如萼片、花瓣、雄蕊和心皮。这些花器官的位置、数量和形态决定了花内部的几何模式或对称类型,这是与成功繁殖密切相关的特征。在进化过程中,花的对称从祖先的多对称(径向对称)多次转变为单对称(双边对称)类型,包括多次逆转,这些事件与传粉者和生殖策略的共同进化有关。本文介绍了被子植物花对称的多样性,追溯了花对称在被子植物中的进化过程,并强调了花对称控制的保守遗传基础。最后,我们通过观察单个花器官内协调对称的机制来讨论建立花对称概念的重要性,并总结了目前关于雌性生殖器官雌蕊对称模式的情况,雌蕊是主导受精和种子产生的最终花结构。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Floral symmetry: the geometry of plant reproduction.

Floral symmetry: the geometry of plant reproduction.

Floral symmetry: the geometry of plant reproduction.

Floral symmetry: the geometry of plant reproduction.

The flower is an astonishing innovation that arose during plant evolution allowing flowering plants - also known as angiosperms - to dominate life on earth in a relatively short period of geological time. Flowers are formed from secondary meristems by co-ordinated differentiation of flower organs, such as sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. The position, number and morphology of these flower organs impose a geometrical pattern - or symmetry type - within the flower which is a trait tightly connected to successful reproduction. During evolution, flower symmetry switched from the ancestral poly-symmetric (radial symmetry) to the mono-symmetric (bilateral symmetry) type multiple times, including numerous reversals, with these events linked to co-evolution with pollinators and reproductive strategies. In this review, we introduce the diversity of flower symmetry, trace its evolution in angiosperms, and highlight the conserved genetic basis underpinning symmetry control in flowers. Finally, we discuss the importance of building upon the concept of flower symmetry by looking at the mechanisms orchestrating symmetry within individual flower organs and summarise the current scenario on symmetry patterning of the female reproductive organ, the gynoecium, the ultimate flower structure presiding over fertilisation and seed production.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
94
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