Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy最新文献

{"title":"Spatial Inequality in Access to Publicly Subsidized Sports Infrastructure: A National Analysis of NFL Stadium Accessibility Across U.S. Counties","authors":"Ali Akram","doi":"10.1007/s12061-026-09961-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12061-026-09961-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Major sports venues in the United States are frequently financed in part through public subsidy, yet how the resulting infrastructure is distributed across the population has received little systematic attention. This study quantifies the spatial accessibility of all thirty National Football League (NFL) stadiums for the 339.6 million residents of the contiguous United States, using county-level 2025 population estimates and transparent distance-based measures. The analysis is descriptive: it characterizes how far residents live from subsidized venues and how that distance varies across regions and population-density classes, rather than asserting that distant residents are deprived of a necessity. Half the population lives within 100 km of a stadium and three quarters within 200 km, but access is geographically concentrated: the population-weighted mean distance to the nearest venue is 140 km against an unweighted county mean of 250 km, and one quarter of the population (25.5%) lives beyond 200 km of any venue. The population-weighted mean distance ranges from 76 km in the Northeast to 174 km in the West. The distance gradient is patterned by population density: 61.0% of residents in lower-density counties live beyond 200 km of a venue, against 18.8% in higher-density counties, a more than threefold difference that is stable across distance thresholds and robust to road-circuity adjustments. The pattern is not purely rural; fifty-three higher-density counties containing 24.1 million residents, including San Antonio, Austin, Raleigh, and Salt Lake City, also lie beyond 200 km, reflecting the location of teams rather than the dispersion of population. Facility attributes such as seating capacity and age show no detectable association with catchment population. Because a meaningful share of stadium financing flows through federally tax-exempt municipal bonds, whose cost is borne by taxpayers nationally, the national distribution of physical access is a relevant descriptive complement to the predominantly economic literature on stadium subsidy. The analysis provides a reproducible national baseline for describing the distribution of physical access to publicly subsidized infrastructure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46392,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling Internal Migrations in Poland at the Municipality Level and Their Relationship to Unemployment (2004–2023): Results, Implications and Potential Use","authors":"Jarosław Tomasz Stańczak,&nbsp;Jan W. Owsiński,&nbsp;Przemysław Śleszyński,&nbsp;Rafał Wiśniewski","doi":"10.1007/s12061-026-09969-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12061-026-09969-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper presents the results from a study, devoted to modelling internal migrations in Poland at the municipality level. Thus, data concerns some 2,500 units across 20 years from the first two decades of the 21st century. The basic model studied assumes the dependence of migration flows on the unemployment rate. Then, the results of this model (identified for each of 20 years, i.e. actually 20 models) are compared with several of its extensions. The main conclusion is that the basic hypothesis of migration dependence upon unemployment is strongly confirmed. What is, however, even more important, is that the analysis of model errors, both of the basic model and its extensions, provides essential and quite specific information on the spatial character of the phenomena and processes analysed. These can be directly used for further, more detailed studies, but also for development policy purposes. While the results do not categorically state that this relationship must be positive for all units considered, they provide strong evidence that this may be the case to a much greater extent than we previously thought. On the top of this, the very clear spatial pattern constitutes an important value added.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46392,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12061-026-09969-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between the Employment Spatial Form and Commuting Distance of Residents in Different Communities: Evidence From Beijing, China","authors":"Bo Liu,&nbsp;Hong Liang,&nbsp;Xiaodong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12061-026-09972-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12061-026-09972-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the relationship between employment spatial form and commuting distance at the community-scale using mobile phone signaling data for Beijing, China. We identified employment locations for 535 communities, classified them into eight distinct types based on commuting distance distributions, and delineated employment centers for each community using the contour tree method. Six indicators, including employment density, primacy, and polycentricity index, were calculated to quantify agglomeration and polycentricity characteristics of employment spatial forms. The results reveal a non-monotonic relationship. Communities with nearly identical average commuting distances can exhibit markedly different employment spatial forms, ranging from highly concentrated monocentric structures to low-density dispersed patterns. Two interpretations help to understand these patterns. The location factor drives short commutes and concentrated employment in communities close to major employment centers, while the transit factor enables longer commutes and dispersed polycentric employment patterns in peripheral communities by offsetting locational disadvantages via rail transit. This finding suggests that jobs-housing balance should not be measured solely by geographical proximity. Based on these results, three differentiated policy interventions are proposed for targeted transportation planning. This study provides empirical evidence for community-scale jobs-housing relationships and offers a basis for differentiated policy making.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46392,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Demonstration Zones for the Transfer and Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements on Urban Air Quality: Evidence from China","authors":"Jicong Yang,&nbsp;Bo Li,&nbsp;Duohan Liang","doi":"10.1007/s12061-026-09962-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12061-026-09962-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Can promoting the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements open up new pathways for air pollution control? Based on data from Chinese cities and listed companies, this study employs a difference-in-differences (DID) model to examine the impacts and underlying mechanisms of National Demonstration Zones for the Transfer and Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements (NDZTTSTA) on urban air pollution. The findings show that NDZTTSTA can reduce air pollution. Mechanism analysis indicates that the demonstration zones curb air pollution through the scale effects of introducing emerging production factors, the technological effects of knowledge spillovers, and the structural effects of achievement transformation. Additional analysis reveals that the air pollution control effects of NDZTTSTA vary significantly across locational conditions and levels of resource dependence. Moreover, NDZTTSTA generate spillover effects on air pollution control both in regions with strong technological linkages and in neighboring cities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46392,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in Intergenerational Mobility Across Regions and Birth Cohorts in China: Patterns and Mechanisms","authors":"Yanji Zhang,&nbsp;Liang Cai","doi":"10.1007/s12061-026-09974-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12061-026-09974-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using six waves of the Chinese General Social Survey (2010–2021) and cross-classified random effects modeling, this study investigates regional and cohort variations in intergenerational mobility and transmission processes in China. Results show that regional patterns in the levels of intergenerational mobility and in the effects of determinants of status attainment are relatively stable across birth cohorts from the 1940s to the 1990s. First-tier cities and eastern regions consistently exhibit higher absolute mobility and greater influence of socioeconomic achieved factors, while the influence of socioeconomic ascribed factors and institutional factors such as party membership and hukou is weaker. Fixed-effects panel analyses demonstrate that regional economic development is associated with greater absolute mobility and weaker institutional effects, while coinciding with strengthened roles of socioeconomic ascribed and achieved factors. Educational inequality aligns with heavier reliance on institutional factors and correlates positively with relative and absolute mobility. Higher public education expenditure is linked to greater absolute mobility and diminished ascriptive influences. The findings highlight that China’s intergenerational mobility is shaped by intertwined economic, institutional, and policy dynamics, with enduring regional disparities despite overall progress towards a merit-based system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46392,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioecological Trade-offs in the Yucatan Peninsula: Stakeholder Perceptions of How Urban and Tourism Development Reshape Nature’s Contributions to People","authors":"Paulina Vázquez-Martínez,&nbsp;Gabriela Mendoza-González,&nbsp;Blanca Vazquez,&nbsp;Carlos Esse","doi":"10.1007/s12061-026-09967-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12061-026-09967-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tourism expansion and urban development in the Yucatan Peninsula have intensified pressures on ecosystems, altering the natural contributions to people (NCP) that sustain regional wellbeing. To better understand emerging socioecological conflicts, we applied a multi-criteria analysis to integrate and spatially represent the perspectives of key institutional stakeholders regarding: <i>(1) the prioritization of NCP groups per ecosystem</i>,<i> (2) the NCP they consider most important</i>,<i> (3) the main ecosystem threats</i>,<i> and (4) the ecosystems most affected by tourism and urban development</i>. To achieve these objectives, the following ecosystems were assessed: Coastal lagoon, Cultivated grasslands, Popal, Savanna, Tropical Forest, Tular, Coastal dunes, Halophytic-hydrophytic vegetation, Peten, Mangrove, Palm Forest, Cenotes. Regulatory contributions—such as water and air quality regulation and protection against extreme weather—were consistently identified as the most valuable across coastal ecosystems, whereas cultivated grasslands were primarily valued for their material contributions, particularly food production. Perceptions of threats and ecosystem vulnerability varied across states, reflecting distinct tourism and urbanization trajectories. Incorporating stakeholder perspectives allowed us to identify major socioecological trade-offs and land-use transformation patterns by state. Overall, current development dynamics appear to prioritize short-term socioeconomic gains at the expense of ecological functions, particularly regulatory NCP, underscoring growing concerns about the long-term integrity of the peninsula’s socioecological systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46392,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12061-026-09967-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Trade, Globalization and Ecological Sustainability in the Black Sea Basin","authors":"Dilara AYLA,&nbsp;Kezban AYRAN CİHAN","doi":"10.1007/s12061-026-09973-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12061-026-09973-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the factors affecting the ecological deficit levels of countries in the Black Sea basin within a spatial panel data framework. Using data covering the period 1996–2021, the General Nested Spatial (GNS) model is employed to simultaneously evaluate cross-country interactions and local determinants. The results show that trade in low-carbon technology products reduces the ecological deficit through channels such as clean technology transfer and structural transformation in production. Similarly, foreign direct investment improves environmental performance through technology diffusion and production efficiency, while political globalization limits environmental pressure through international environmental norms and institutional cooperation. In contrast, consumption expenditures and financial globalization expand the ecological deficit by increasing the use of natural resources, whereas information globalization increases environmental pressure through digitalization, information flows, and the diffusion of consumption patterns. The analysis of spatial effects indicates that increases in political globalization and foreign direct investment in neighboring countries generate positive spatial externalities that reduce the ecological deficit through regional policy coordination and production networks. Supported by robustness and sensitivity analyses, these findings suggest that environmental outcomes in the Black Sea basin are shaped not only by national dynamics but also by regional interactions, and they provide important implications for the design of sustainable development policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46392,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement and Explanatory Mechanisms of Urban-Rural Integrated Development From the Perspective of Rural Residence-Employment Coordination: Evidence From the Chengdu-Chongqing Metropolitan Area","authors":"Zhiquan Tu,&nbsp;Lulu Qu,&nbsp;Yunxin Huang,&nbsp;Yuqiang Zhu,&nbsp;Lin Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s12061-026-09956-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12061-026-09956-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rural residence and employment spaces are key components of rural regional systems and are closely related to the coordination of rural living, production, and ecological functions. Taking the Chengdu-Chongqing Metropolitan Area (CCMA) as the study area and using county-level data for 2011, 2016, and 2020, this study examines the spatio-temporal differentiation and explanatory mechanisms of urban-rural integrated development from the perspective of rural residence-employment coordination. The results show that: (1) Rural residence-employment coordination (RREC) in the CCMA increased steadily from 2011 to 2020 and exhibited clear spatial heterogeneity and clustering characteristics. High-value areas were mainly distributed around Chengdu and central Chongqing, while low-value areas were concentrated in peripheral mountainous counties. (2) The Pearson correlation results indicate that RREC is not dominated by a single public-service variable, but is associated with rural employment structure, transportation accessibility, fiscal-economic conditions, and infrastructure-related factors. (3) The Geodetector results further show that the proportion of rural workers has the strongest and statistically significant explanatory power across all three years, while economic non-agriculturalization becomes a significant explanatory factor in 2020. Interaction detection shows that paired interactions involving rural employment structure consistently generate high explanatory power, suggesting that RREC differentiation is shaped by the combined mechanisms of local employment absorption, residential stability, and spatial connectivity. These findings suggest that rural residence-employment coordination in mountainous metropolitan regions should be promoted by strengthening local employment opportunities, improving spatial accessibility, and enhancing county-level public service and infrastructure capacity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46392,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional Constraints and Excess School Commuting in Educational Living Spaces: Evidence from Central Urban Hangzhou","authors":"Xuexiao Cheng,&nbsp;Zhanfu Luo,&nbsp;Jing Shi","doi":"10.1007/s12061-026-09970-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12061-026-09970-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Under the “neighborhood enrollment” policy, the spatial rationality of school district delineation is important for evaluating educational accessibility. Taking the main urban area of Hangzhou as a case study, this research introduces an excess commuting framework to measure the distance discrepancy between officially assigned public primary schools and geographically nearest public primary schools at the residential community scale. Based on GIS-based spatial analysis, XGBoost regression, and SHAP explainability methods, this study examines the spatial distribution of excess school commuting and its associated institutional, locational, and built-environment factors. The results show that: (1) around 21.1% of residential communities experience positive excess school commuting relative to the nearest-school baseline; (2) both assigned-school walking distance and nearest-school walking distance show a “low in the center, high in the periphery” spatial pattern; (3) high excess commuting values are mainly concentrated in transitional zones between urban cores and peripheral areas; and (4) excess school commuting is associated with residential location within school districts, proximity to school district boundaries, school facility dispersion, housing age, housing prices, and road and school density. This study provides a community-scale approach for identifying distance deviations under the public primary school districting system and offers empirical evidence for evaluating school district arrangements and optimizing the spatial allocation of public primary education resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46392,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial Modelling of Stunting and Underweight Among Children Under Five Years: Insights from Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Handan Wand,&nbsp;Azar Kariminia,&nbsp;Sarita Naidoo,&nbsp;Jayajothi Moodley,&nbsp;Vaneshree Govender","doi":"10.1007/s12061-026-09942-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12061-026-09942-9","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Child malnutrition remains a major public health challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa, with persistent disparities in stunting and underweight among children under five. This study examined subnational spatial variation and structural determinants of child growth failure across the region using Demographic and Health Survey data from 24 Sub-Saharan African countries collected between 2015 and 2023 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 198,443). Generalized additive models with spatial smoothing were used to assess geospatial patterns of stunting and underweight. Stunting prevalence ranged from 16% to 55%, and underweight from 5% to 29%, with substantial within-country heterogeneity. Children in the highest cumulative disadvantage quartile, characterized by poor maternal education, low household wealth, limited healthcare access, and reduced access to information, had substantially higher odds of stunting and underweight compared with those in the lowest quartile. Population-attributable risk estimates suggested that 45% to 89% of the burden was statistically associated with the included structural and socioeconomic risk factors under model assumptions. Spatial interpolation and smoothed intensity maps revealed localized hotspots of malnutrition that were often obscured by national averages. Despite variation in overall prevalence across countries, similar structural and socioeconomic factors were consistently associated with poor growth outcomes. These findings highlight the value of integrating high-resolution geospatial analysis with population-level impact measures to inform targeted, equity-focused nutrition policies and resource allocation strategies across Sub-Saharan Africa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Graphical Abstract&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt; Country-specific Observed vs. Theoretical Prevalence of Stunting and Underweight Among Children Under Five Across 24 African Countries (R-Script given in Appendix 2, Part C) (&lt;b&gt;a&lt;/b&gt;) Stunting Prevalence (&lt;b&gt;b&lt;/b&gt;) Underweight Prevalence. Observed Prevalence and Model-Based Estimates of Associated Burden. As presented in Fig. 1, only 4 out of 24 countries (17%) had stunting prevalence below the WHO-defined “low” threshold of 20%. The remaining 20 countries (83%) fell into the “medium” (20–29%) to “very high” (≥ 40%) categories, with nearly half (46%) classified as having “high” (30–39%) or “very high” (≥ 40%) stunting levels. When population-attributable risk percentages were applied, the model-based estimates suggested that the proportion of stunting burden statistically associated with the included structural and socioeconomic risk factors was substantial across countries. Under these theoretical assumptions, estimated stunting prevalence would fall below 20% in all 24 countries. Similarly, only 7 countries (29%) had underweight prevalence below the 10% threshold classified as “low,” while the majority (71%) were categorized as having “medium” (10–19%) to “high” (20–29%) prevalence, with 6 countries (25%) falling into the “high” category. Under the same m","PeriodicalId":46392,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12061-026-09942-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}