Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida最新文献

{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 on the male reproductive system.","authors":"Abzal Kystaubayev, Askhan Abzalbekov, Bakyt Ramazanova, Vyacheslav Lokshin, Muhammed Iskakov","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/1518-0557.20240048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The relevance of the study is determined by the deepening understanding of the global consequences of the coronavirus pandemic, which affect not only lung health but also a wide range of other body systems. In light of new data on the long-term effects of coronavirus infection, this study is highly significant. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of coronavirus infection on the male reproductive system and assess its potential influence on male fertility to refine the mechanisms of damage and provide recommendations for medical care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study utilised a combination of methods, including a meta-analysis of medical organisation databases, analysis of clinical cases, representative sample method, and quantitative survey method. These approaches allowed for a comprehensive and multifaceted view of the problem.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The samples of sperm showed a noticeable decrease in progressive motility, sperm concentration, and volume, especially in patients with moderate and severe symptoms of COVID-19, whereas patients with mild symptoms only experienced a decrease in progressive motility and overall sperm motility. The survey identified symptoms of male reproductive system dysfunction after recovering from COVID-19. Predominant symptoms included decreased libido (15%), impotence (13%), and infections of the genital organs (12%). Most surveyed men lacked sufficient awareness of other aspects of male reproductive health, including infections, genetic defects, chronic diseases, and available medical services.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As a result of the study, it was concluded that coronavirus infection can have a negative impact on the male reproductive system. The practical value of this study lies in improving approaches to medical care for men who have recovered from COVID-19 and creating preventive programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential impacts of ambient PM2.5 exposure on sperm quality in northern Thailand.","authors":"Aram Thapsamuthdechakorn, Tawiwan Pantasri, Usanee Sanmee, Tanarat Muangmool, Pareeya Somsak, Pannarai Somboonchai, Jamjit Doungpunta","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/1518-0557.20240051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the correlation between ambient particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentration and sperm quality among northern Thai men exposed to the seasonal air pollution from the agricultural burning process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The demographic data and semen analysis of Thai men living in Chiang Mai, Thailand, who visited the infertile clinic were collected. The correlation test between the monthly amount of PM2.5 and sperm quality was carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2017 to 2021, 1,109 Thai men visited the Infertile Clinic. The correlation test between PM2.5 and sperm quality in years with a better climate revealed a weak positive correlation between the mean PM2.5 and percentage of progressive motile sperm and normal morphology (r=0.08, p=0.05 and r=0.1, p=0.02). However, there was a negative correlation between the mean PM2.5 and sperm concentration, progressive motility and normal sperm morphology during the years with a higher amount of ambient PM2.5, and especially PM2.5 exposure 3 months before semen collection (r=-0.12, p=0.01, r=-0.11, p=0.003, r=-0.15, p=0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Exposure to a high amount of PM2.5 air pollution negatively affects sperm quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Artificial Intelligence (AI) currently able to provide evidence-based scientific responses on methods that can improve the outcomes of embryo transfers? No.","authors":"Argyrios Kolokythas, Michael H Dahan","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/1518-0557.20240050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has raised questions about its potential uses in different sectors of everyday life. Specifically in medicine, the question arose whether chatbots could be used as tools for clinical decision-making or patients' and physicians' education. To answer this question in the context of fertility, we conducted a test to determine whether current AI platforms can provide evidence-based responses regarding methods that can improve the outcomes of embryo transfers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We asked nine popular chatbots to write a 300-word scientific essay, outlining scientific methods that improve embryo transfer outcomes. We then gathered the responses and extracted the methods suggested by each chatbot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of a total of 43 recommendations, which could be grouped into 19 similar categories, only 3/19 (15.8%) were evidence-based practices, those being \"ultrasound-guided embryo transfer\" in 7/9 (77.8%) chatbots, \"single embryo transfer\" in 4/9 (44.4%) and \"use of a soft catheter\" in 2/9 (22.2%), whereas some controversial responses like \"preimplantation genetic testing\" appeared frequently (6/9 chatbots; 66.7%), along with other debatable recommendations like \"endometrial receptivity assay\", \"assisted hatching\" and \"time-lapse incubator\".</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that AI is not yet in a position to give evidence-based recommendations in the field of fertility, particularly concerning embryo transfer, since the vast majority of responses consisted of scientifically unsupported recommendations. As such, both patients and physicians should be wary of guiding care based on chatbot recommendations in infertility. Chatbot results might improve with time especially if trained from validated medical databases; however, this will have to be scientifically checked.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of advanced paternal age on the live birth rate in patients undergoing Assisted Reproduction treatment: Findings from an analysis at a public reproductive center in Brazil.","authors":"Vanessa B M Maia, Aline Q Rodrigues, Victor E T Sousa, Mariana F R Barcelos, Jair T Goulart, Fernanda Paulini, Natalia I Z Tierno","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/1518-0557.20240053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Human reproduction presents a challenge for our species, as evidenced by the escalating rates of infertility. This trend has prompted inquiries into diverse strategies aimed at mitigating infertility and enhancing conception rates. Despite the extensive research on advanced maternal age as a risk factor for reproductive outcomes, paternal age has historically garnered comparatively less attention. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of paternal age on embryos and its subsequent repercussions on fertilization rate, biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rate in individuals undergoing assisted reproductive treatment in a public reproductive center located in Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This investigation adopted a retrospective cohort, cross-sectional, analytical design, utilizing the analysis of secondary data, covering the period from July 2015 to July 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 350 couples grappling with infertility and undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were included in the analysis. Examination of age groups revealed a notable correlation between the ages of women and men (correlation coefficient R=0.12, p<0.0001). In the analysis of IVF techniques, a discernible trend towards a negative correlation with paternal age was observed, signifying that higher paternal age was linked to lower fertilization rates (p=0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Advanced paternal age significantly impacts full-term birth rates in IVF procedures, emphasizing the need for preconception public health advisories that underscore the risks associated with delaying parenthood for both men and women, particularly among those necessitating assisted reproductive techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Link between Premature Ovarian Insufficiency, Insomnia and Circadian Pathways.","authors":"Anna K Kloster, Luana N G Adami, Mariana Moysés-Oliveira, Helena Hachul, Monica L Andersen, Sergio Tufik","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/1518-0557.20240052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish an interaction network for genes related to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and insomnia, and to identify biological processes that connect POI to the physiological clock.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Previously reported lists of genes associated to POI and insomnia were contrasted and their intersection was used as input on protein-protein interaction analyses. POI-associated genes were contrasted with gene expression markers for neural circadian control and enriched pathways among their shared content were dissected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The functional network generated from the intersection between POI and insomnia gene lists pointed to the central nervous system as the most relevant cellular context for this connection. After identifying POI-associated genes that play a role in neural circadian patterns, we observed the disruption of pathways related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis as the major genetic link between ovarian function and circadian neural circuits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight neurological mechanisms that support the POI-insomnia interplay.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of differentially expressed genes from in vitro matured human oocytes: A bioinformatics approach.","authors":"Gabriel Acácio de Moura, Mayara Lobato Lourenço, Yasmim Mendes Rocha, João Pedro Viana Rodrigues, Cristian Vicson Pinheiro, Alice Soares de Queiroz, Eduardo de Paula Miranda, Sebastião Evangelista Torquato, Roberto Nicolete","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240030","DOIUrl":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>One of the techniques that has gained much attention is the in vitro maturation of oocytes for patients who use assisted reproduction techniques. However, its results are still inferior to controlled ovarian stimulation methodologies. Understanding the maturation mechanisms based on analyses can help improve this methodology's results. The work aims to identify the central genes differentially expressed in oocytes after in vitro maturation in the germinal vesicle and metaphase II stages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This work is a computational analysis. The entire search will be conducted using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. To carry out and obtain the data present in the work, an advanced research search was carried out in the GEO database within the period from January 1, 2013, to January 1, 2023. A total of 27 genomic data were available in the GEO database, of which only two were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two datasets were identified on the Gene Expression Omnibus database platform: registration data GSE158802 and GSE95477. From the analysis, we identified five downregulated and thirty-six upregulated genes; the central genes that correlated with the main gene proteins found were CLTA and PANK1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was a differential regulation of gene expression. The most central ones are related to energy capture.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraovarian platelet-rich plasma injection in poor responders.","authors":"Luciana María Devenutto, Gastón Rey Valzacchi, Marianela Ercolano, Orlando Etchegoyen","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240031","DOIUrl":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate if it possible to improve ovarian reserve parameters and oocyte retrieval in poor responders who undergo intraovarian injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective cohort study. We included 148 poor responders who underwent PRP injection between October 2021 and December 2022 in our institution, comparing pre and post PRP ovarian function. In addition, the IVF outcomes of a subgroup of patients was studied after the intervention in contrast with the previous treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An improvement in ovarian reserve was observed in relation to previous values: FSH (13.57 vs. 11.32, p=0.11), AMH (0.39 vs. 0.48, p=0.06), antral follicle count (3.98 vs. 5.75, p<0.001); as well as a higher number of oocytes retrieved (2.63 vs. 3.65, p=0.01) and produced embryos (1.64 vs. 2.22, p=0.03); without a great impact on pregnancy rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although experimental, intraovarian PRP could restore ovarian function and be postulated as an alternative to oocyte donation in patients with low ovarian reserve who do not accept this treatment. There is a lack of randomized controlled trials to support these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141260843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of patients with endometriosis and infertility: laparoscopic treatment and spontaneous pregnancy rate.","authors":"Yanina Rodríguez, Esteban Grasso, Lautaro Tessari, Florencia Perotti, Marcela Irigoyen, Antonio Cattaneo, A Gustavo Martínez, Rosanna Ramhorst, Diego Gnocchi","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240018","DOIUrl":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate factors involved in spontaneous pregnancy rate after surgery for endometriosis in patients with endometriosis and infertility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study spanned from 2014 to 2020 and included a follow-up period of two years of patients with endometriosis-related infertility who underwent laparoscopic surgery. Women aged 25 to 43 years with patent tubes, no/mild male factor and no other infertility factors were selected and grouped according to fertility management as follows: patients immediately prescribed ART (16.5%, ART-p); patients who chose not to undergo ART (83.5%) and achieved spontaneous pregnancy (71.8% SP-p); and patients who first chose not to undergo ART but had it subsequently (28.2%, NSP-p).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 200 patients were analyzed. Of the 167 patients who waited for spontaneous pregnancy, 71.8% achieved it. We observed a tendency of higher endometriosis ASRM scores in the ART-p group compared with patients who waited for spontaneous pregnancy, and lower scores in individuals that achieved spontaneous pregnancy. When we looked at how long it took to achieve pregnancy, we found that individuals in the SP-p group achieved pregnancy in 5.7 months, while subjects in the NSP-p group took 1.8 times longer than their peers in the SP-p group (p<0.001). However, once prescribed ART, the individuals in the NSP-p group achieved pregnancy within a similar time when compared with subjects in the SP-p group. In order to identify individuals that might benefit from ART early on, we performed a multivariable analysis and developed a decision tree (81.3% accuracy and 53.3% sensitivity).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present results indicated that, after surgery, the majority of patients achieved spontaneous pregnancy. The decision tree proposed in this study allows the early identification of patients who might require ART, thus decreasing the time between surgery and pregnancy and improving overall outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140869946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of endometrial thickness on outcomes of pregnancy following embryo transfer: A retrospective cohort.","authors":"Aghdas Safari, Foruheh Moazzezi, Mohammad Azizi","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240016","DOIUrl":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The safety of assisted reproductive technology can be assessed by examining birth weight as an outcome measure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of endometrial thickness during embryo transfer on newborn birth weight and preterm labor.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study at the infertility department of a teaching hospital affiliated with a university of medical sciences. Eligible women were ≥18 years old and conceived a singleton pregnancy with embryo transfer and an endometrial thickness of ≥7 mm. None of the patients had diabetes, blood hypertension, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. We assessed maternal and newborn characteristics and perinatal pregnancy outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 100 eligible patients with a mean (SD) age of 32.8 (6.2) years were included. The mean endometrial thickness during embryo transfer was 9.1 (1.2) mm, and the mean birth weight was 3040.7 (565.3)g. There were no statistically significant associations between endometrial thickness and preterm labor (p=0.215) and between endometrial thickness and stillbirth or intra-uterine fetal death (p=0.880). However, after adjusting for confounding factors, the association of endometrial thickness with birth weight was statistically significant [b=124.6 (51.6), p=0.018].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within the range of ≥7mm, endometrial thickness during embryo transfer is a predictor of newborn weight; however, it is not related to the risk of preterm labor, stillbirth, or intra-uterine fetal death.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective effect of Ozone on the mice testicular damage induced by methotrexate.","authors":"Layasadat Khorsandi, Negar Varaa, Reza Dadfar, Sadegh Moradi Vastegani, Yousef Asadi-Fard, Akram Ahangarpour, Amirhesam Keshavarz-Zarjani","doi":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240041","DOIUrl":"10.5935/1518-0557.20240041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Methotrexate (MTX) is widely administered for the treatment of various cancers. However, MTX induces male reproductive toxicity. In the current study, the effect of ozone therapy (OT) on reducing the toxic effects of MTX in the mouse testicles has been investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four mice were divided into four groups: control, OT (4 mg/kg ozone), MTX (20 mg/kg), and MTX + OT. Testosterone levels, histological changes, and oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed to evaluate the protective effects of OT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that MTX disrupted germinal epithelium, reduced serum testosterone levels, and enhanced oxidative stress in testicular tissue. However, treatment with OT attenuated these adverse effects. OT effectively restored the levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). OT reduced lipid peroxidation, as indicated by decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. OT preserved normal spermatogenesis, improved morphometric parameters, and reduced histological changes by MTX. Moreover, OT effectively restored testosterone levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OT protects against MTX-induced testicular damage by suppressing oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":46364,"journal":{"name":"Jornal Brasileiro de Reproducao Assistida","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}