APL Bioengineering最新文献_第8页

In vivo laser speckle contrast imaging of 4-aminopyridine- or pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. 4-氨基吡啶或戊四唑诱导癫痫发作的体内激光斑点对比成像。

IF 6 3区医学

APL Bioengineering Pub Date : 2023-09-28 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0158791

Yuhling Wang, Vassiliy Tsytsarev, Lun-De Liao

{"title":"In vivo laser speckle contrast imaging of 4-aminopyridine- or pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures.","authors":"Yuhling Wang, Vassiliy Tsytsarev, Lun-De Liao","doi":"10.1063/5.0158791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0158791","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical and preclinical studies on epileptic seizures are closely linked to the study of neurovascular coupling. Obtaining reliable information about cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the area of epileptic activity through minimally invasive techniques is crucial for research in this field. In our studies, we used laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) to gather information about the local blood circulation in the area of epileptic activity. We used two models of epileptic seizures: one based on 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and another based on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). We verified the duration of an epileptic seizure using electrocorticography (ECoG). We applied the antiepileptic drug topiramate (TPM) to both models, but its effect was different in each case. However, in both models, TPM had an effect on neurovascular coupling in the area of epileptic activity, as shown by both LSCI and ECoG data. We demonstrated that TPM significantly reduced the amplitude of 4-AP-induced epileptic seizures (4-AP+TPM: 0.61 ± 0.13 mV vs 4-AP: 1.08 ± 0.19 mV; p < 0.05), and it also reduced gamma power in ECoG in PTZ-induced epileptic seizures (PTZ+TPM: 38.5% ± 11.9% of the peak value vs PTZ: 59.2% ± 3.0% of peak value; p < 0.05). We also captured the pattern of CBF changes during focal epileptic seizures induced by 4-AP. Our data confirm that the system of simultaneous cortical LSCI and registration of ECoG makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacological agents in various types of epileptic seizures in in vivo models and provides spatial and temporal information on the process of ictogenesis.","PeriodicalId":46288,"journal":{"name":"APL Bioengineering","volume":"7 3","pages":"036119"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10541235/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41143283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current state of the art and future directions for implantable sensors in medical technology: Clinical needs and engineering challenges. 医疗技术中植入式传感器的现状和未来方向：临床需求和工程挑战。

IF 6 3区医学

APL Bioengineering Pub Date : 2023-09-27 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0152290

David Yogev, Tomer Goldberg, Amir Arami, Shai Tejman-Yarden, Thomas E Winkler, Ben M Maoz

{"title":"Current state of the art and future directions for implantable sensors in medical technology: Clinical needs and engineering challenges.","authors":"David Yogev, Tomer Goldberg, Amir Arami, Shai Tejman-Yarden, Thomas E Winkler, Ben M Maoz","doi":"10.1063/5.0152290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0152290","url":null,"abstract":"Implantable sensors have revolutionized the way we monitor biophysical and biochemical parameters by enabling real-time closed-loop intervention or therapy. These technologies align with the new era of healthcare known as healthcare 5.0, which encompasses smart disease control and detection, virtual care, intelligent health management, smart monitoring, and decision-making. This review explores the diverse biomedical applications of implantable temperature, mechanical, electrophysiological, optical, and electrochemical sensors. We delve into the engineering principles that serve as the foundation for their development. We also address the challenges faced by researchers and designers in bridging the gap between implantable sensor research and their clinical adoption by emphasizing the importance of careful consideration of clinical requirements and engineering challenges. We highlight the need for future research to explore issues such as long-term performance, biocompatibility, and power sources, as well as the potential for implantable sensors to transform healthcare across multiple disciplines. It is evident that implantable sensors have immense potential in the field of medical technology. However, the gap between research and clinical adoption remains wide, and there are still major obstacles to overcome before they can become a widely adopted part of medical practice.","PeriodicalId":46288,"journal":{"name":"APL Bioengineering","volume":"7 3","pages":"031506"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10539032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41120073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phenotyping neuroblastoma cells through intelligent scrutiny of stain-free biomarkers in holographic flow cytometry. 通过全息流式细胞术中无染色生物标志物的智能检测对神经母细胞瘤细胞进行表型分析。

IF 6 3区医学

APL Bioengineering Pub Date : 2023-09-21 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0159399

Daniele Pirone, Annalaura Montella, Daniele Sirico, Martina Mugnano, Danila Del Giudice, Ivana Kurelac, Matilde Tirelli, Achille Iolascon, Vittorio Bianco, Pasquale Memmolo, Mario Capasso, Lisa Miccio, Pietro Ferraro

{"title":"Phenotyping neuroblastoma cells through intelligent scrutiny of stain-free biomarkers in holographic flow cytometry.","authors":"Daniele Pirone, Annalaura Montella, Daniele Sirico, Martina Mugnano, Danila Del Giudice, Ivana Kurelac, Matilde Tirelli, Achille Iolascon, Vittorio Bianco, Pasquale Memmolo, Mario Capasso, Lisa Miccio, Pietro Ferraro","doi":"10.1063/5.0159399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0159399","url":null,"abstract":"To efficiently tackle certain tumor types, finding new biomarkers for rapid and complete phenotyping of cancer cells is highly demanded. This is especially the case for the most common pediatric solid tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, namely, neuroblastoma (NB). Liquid biopsy is in principle a very promising tool for this purpose, but usually enrichment and isolation of circulating tumor cells in such patients remain difficult due to the unavailability of universal NB cell-specific surface markers. Here, we show that rapid screening and phenotyping of NB cells through stain-free biomarkers supported by artificial intelligence is a viable route for liquid biopsy. We demonstrate the concept through a flow cytometry based on label-free holographic quantitative phase-contrast microscopy empowered by machine learning. In detail, we exploit a hierarchical decision scheme where at first level NB cells are classified from monocytes with 97.9% accuracy. Then we demonstrate that different phenotypes are discriminated within NB class. Indeed, for each cell classified as NB its belonging to one of four NB sub-populations (i.e., CHP212, SKNBE2, SHSY5Y, and SKNSH) is evaluated thus achieving accuracy in the range 73.6%-89.1%. The achieved results solve the realistic problem related to the identification circulating tumor cell, i.e., the possibility to recognize and detect tumor cells morphologically similar to blood cells, which is the core issue in liquid biopsy based on stain-free microscopy. The presented approach operates at lab-on-chip scale and emulates real-world scenarios, thus representing a future route for liquid biopsy by exploiting intelligent biomedical imaging.","PeriodicalId":46288,"journal":{"name":"APL Bioengineering","volume":"7 3","pages":"036118"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10519746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41171275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generation of direct current electrical fields as regenerative therapy for spinal cord injury: A review. 直流电场的产生作为脊髓损伤的再生疗法：综述。

IF 6.6 3区医学

APL Bioengineering Pub Date : 2023-09-19 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0152669

Lukas Matter, Bruce Harland, Brad Raos, Darren Svirskis, Maria Asplund

引用次数: 0

Magnetic force-based cell manipulation for in vitro tissue engineering. 用于体外组织工程的基于磁力的细胞操作。

IF 6 3区医学

APL Bioengineering Pub Date : 2023-09-19 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0138732

Huiqian Hu, L Krishaa, Eliza Li Shan Fong

{"title":"Magnetic force-based cell manipulation for in vitro tissue engineering.","authors":"Huiqian Hu, L Krishaa, Eliza Li Shan Fong","doi":"10.1063/5.0138732","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0138732","url":null,"abstract":"Cell manipulation techniques such as those based on three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting and microfluidic systems have recently been developed to reconstruct complex 3D tissue structures in vitro. Compared to these technologies, magnetic force-based cell manipulation is a simpler, scaffold- and label-free method that minimally affects cell viability and can rapidly manipulate cells into 3D tissue constructs. As such, there is increasing interest in leveraging this technology for cell assembly in tissue engineering. Cell manipulation using magnetic forces primarily involves two key approaches. The first method, positive magnetophoresis, uses magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) which are either attached to the cell surface or integrated within the cell. These MNPs enable the deliberate positioning of cells into designated configurations when an external magnetic field is applied. The second method, known as negative magnetophoresis, manipulates diamagnetic entities, such as cells, in a paramagnetic environment using an external magnetic field. Unlike the first method, this technique does not require the use of MNPs for cell manipulation. Instead, it leverages the magnetic field and the motion of paramagnetic agents like paramagnetic salts (Gadobutrol, MnCl2, etc.) to propel cells toward the field minimum, resulting in the assembly of cells into the desired geometrical arrangement. In this Review, we will first describe the major approaches used to assemble cells in vitro-3D bioprinting and microfluidics-based platforms-and then discuss the use of magnetic forces for cell manipulation. Finally, we will highlight recent research in which these magnetic force-based approaches have been applied and outline challenges to mature this technology for in vitro tissue engineering.","PeriodicalId":46288,"journal":{"name":"APL Bioengineering","volume":"7 3","pages":"031504"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10511261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41172466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human gut epithelium features recapitulated in MINERVA 2.0 millifluidic organ-on-a-chip device. 在MINERVA 2.0微流控芯片上的器官装置中概括了人类肠道上皮的特征。

IF 6 3区医学

APL Bioengineering Pub Date : 2023-09-19 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0144862

Francesca Donnaloja, Luca Izzo, Marzia Campanile, Simone Perottoni, Lucia Boeri, Francesca Fanizza, Lorenzo Sardelli, Emanuela Jacchetti, Manuela T Raimondi, Laura Di Rito, Ilaria Craparotta, Marco Bolis, Carmen Giordano, Diego Albani

{"title":"Human gut epithelium features recapitulated in MINERVA 2.0 millifluidic organ-on-a-chip device.","authors":"Francesca Donnaloja, Luca Izzo, Marzia Campanile, Simone Perottoni, Lucia Boeri, Francesca Fanizza, Lorenzo Sardelli, Emanuela Jacchetti, Manuela T Raimondi, Laura Di Rito, Ilaria Craparotta, Marco Bolis, Carmen Giordano, Diego Albani","doi":"10.1063/5.0144862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0144862","url":null,"abstract":"We developed an innovative millifluidic organ-on-a-chip device, named MINERVA 2.0, that is optically accessible and suitable to serial connection. In the present work, we evaluated MINERVA 2.0 as millifluidic gut epithelium-on-a-chip by using computational modeling and biological assessment. We also tested MINERVA 2.0 in a serially connected configuration prodromal to address the complexity of multiorgan interaction. Once cultured under perfusion in our device, human gut immortalized Caco-2 epithelial cells were able to survive at least up to 7 days and form a three-dimensional layer with detectable tight junctions (occludin and zonulin-1 positive). Functional layer development was supported by measurable trans-epithelial resistance and FITC-dextran permeability regulation, together with mucin-2 expression. The dynamic culturing led to a specific transcriptomic profile, assessed by RNASeq, with a total of 524 dysregulated transcripts (191 upregulated and 333 downregulated) between static and dynamic condition. Overall, the collected results suggest that our gut-on-a-chip millifluidic model displays key gut epithelium features and, thanks to its modular design, may be the basis to build a customizable multiorgan-on-a-chip platform.","PeriodicalId":46288,"journal":{"name":"APL Bioengineering","volume":"7 3","pages":"036117"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10511260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41160154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

All-in-one properties of an anticancer-covered airway stent for the prevention of malignant central airway obstruction. 用于预防恶性中央气道阻塞的抗癌覆盖气道支架的综合性能。

IF 6 3区医学

APL Bioengineering Pub Date : 2023-09-13 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0157341

Zhaonan Li, Wenguang Zhang, Dechao Jiao, Chuan Tian, Kaihao Xu, Haidong Zhu, Xinwei Han

{"title":"All-in-one properties of an anticancer-covered airway stent for the prevention of malignant central airway obstruction.","authors":"Zhaonan Li, Wenguang Zhang, Dechao Jiao, Chuan Tian, Kaihao Xu, Haidong Zhu, Xinwei Han","doi":"10.1063/5.0157341","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0157341","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant central airway obstruction (MCAO) resulting from tumor metastasis and compression severely impairs respiration, posing life-threatening risks. To address this, we employed a synergistic modification strategy, combining cisplatin (CIS) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Polycaprolactone (PCL) served as a drug carrier, enabling the preparation of a functional CIS@AgNPs@PCL fiber membrane-covered airway stent via electrospinning. This approach aimed to enhance the patency rate of MCAO. Characterization via ATR-FTIR, scanning electron microscope-energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscope confirmed successful immobilization of CIS and AgNPs onto the stent surface. CIS@AgNPs@PCL substantially suppressed non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549), causing DNA damage, ultrastructural disruption, and over 50% apoptosis in 48 h. It also displayed potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans biofilms. A mouse subcutaneous tumor recurrence model assessed anti-cancer efficacy. CIS@AgNPs@PCL fiber-covered stents significantly inhibited lung cancer tissue and enhanced anti-cancer effects by up-regulating caspase-3 and Bax, while down-regulating Bcl-2. This study's functional airway stent provides a proof-of-concept for an integrated anti-cancer and antibacterial strategy. It promptly restores the lumen, inhibits biofilm formation, prevents tumor progression, and improves postoperative MCAO patency.","PeriodicalId":46288,"journal":{"name":"APL Bioengineering","volume":"7 3","pages":"036116"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10503995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10652402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Magneto-responsive hyaluronan hydrogel for hyperthermia and bioprinting: Magnetic, rheological properties and biocompatibility. 用于热疗和生物打印的磁响应透明质酸水凝胶：磁性、流变特性和生物相容性。

IF 6 3区医学

APL Bioengineering Pub Date : 2023-09-07 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0147181

L Vítková, N Kazantseva, L Musilová, P Smolka, K Valášková, K Kocourková, M Humeník, A Minařík, P Humpolíček, A Mráček, I Smolková

{"title":"Magneto-responsive hyaluronan hydrogel for hyperthermia and bioprinting: Magnetic, rheological properties and biocompatibility.","authors":"L Vítková, N Kazantseva, L Musilová, P Smolka, K Valášková, K Kocourková, M Humeník, A Minařík, P Humpolíček, A Mráček, I Smolková","doi":"10.1063/5.0147181","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0147181","url":null,"abstract":"Magneto-responsive soft hydrogels are used for a number of biomedical applications, e.g., magnetic hyperthermia, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and neuromodulation. In this work, this type of hydrogel has been fabricated from hyaluronan (HA) filled with a binary system of Al2O3 nanoparticles and multicore magnetic particles (MCPs), which were obtained by clustering of superparamagnetic iron oxide FeOx NPs. It was established that the presence of diamagnetic Al2O3 has several positive effects: it enhances the hydrogel storage modulus and long-term stability in the cell cultivation medium; prevents the magnetic interaction among the MCPs. The HA hydrogel provides rapid heating of 0.3 °C per min under exposure to low amplitude radio frequency alternating magnetic field. Furthermore, the magneto-responsive hydrogel was successfully used to encapsulate cells and extrusion-based 3D printing with 87±6% cell viability, thus providing a bio-ink. The combination of high heating efficiency, softness, cytocompatibility, and 3D printability of magnetic HA hydrogel leads to a material suitable for biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":46288,"journal":{"name":"APL Bioengineering","volume":"7 3","pages":"036113"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10491462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10221818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photothermal therapy using graphene quantum dots. 石墨烯量子点光热疗法。

IF 6 3区医学

APL Bioengineering Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160324

Mohammad Suhaan Dar, Tanveer A Tabish, Nanasaheb D Thorat, G Swati, Niroj Kumar Sahu

{"title":"Photothermal therapy using graphene quantum dots.","authors":"Mohammad Suhaan Dar, Tanveer A Tabish, Nanasaheb D Thorat, G Swati, Niroj Kumar Sahu","doi":"10.1063/5.0160324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0160324","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of powerful anti-oncology medicines have been possible because of advances in nanomedicine. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a type of treatment wherein nanomaterials absorb the laser energy and convert it into localized heat, thereby causing apoptosis and tumor eradication. PTT is more precise, less hazardous, and easy-to-control in comparison to other interventions such as chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and radiation therapy. Over the past decade, various nanomaterials for PTT applications have been reviewed; however, a comprehensive study of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) has been scantly reported. GQDs have received huge attention in healthcare technologies owing to their various excellent properties, such as high water solubility, chemical stability, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity. Motivated by the fascinating scientific discoveries and promising contributions of GQDs to the field of biomedicine, we present a comprehensive overview of recent progress in GQDs for PTT. This review summarizes the properties and synthesis strategies of GQDs including top-down and bottom-up approaches followed by their applications in PTT (alone and in combination with other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy). Furthermore, we also focus on the systematic study of in vitro and in vivo toxicities of GQDs triggered by PTT. Moreover, an overview of PTT along with the synergetic application used with GQDs for tumor eradication are discussed in detail. Finally, directions, possibilities, and limitations are described to encourage more research, which will lead to new treatments and better health care and bring people closer to the peak of human well-being.","PeriodicalId":46288,"journal":{"name":"APL Bioengineering","volume":"7 3","pages":"031502"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10444203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10056739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Magnetic self-assembly of 3D multicellular microscaffolds: A biomimetic brain tumor-on-a-chip for drug delivery and selectivity testing. 三维多细胞微支架的磁性自组装:用于药物传递和选择性测试的仿生脑肿瘤芯片。

IF 6 3区医学

APL Bioengineering Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0155037

Attilio Marino, Matteo Battaglini, Alessio Carmignani, Francesca Pignatelli, Daniele De Pasquale, Omar Tricinci, Gianni Ciofani

引用次数: 4