APL Bioengineering最新文献

{"title":"ChatGPT in precision medicine.","authors":"Chengliang Yin, Xiaochun Sun, Anlin Dai, Xin-Yao Ye, Yi Lu, Wanling Wang, Yuanyuan Chen, Hong Jiang, Juan Yu, Siomui Chong, Mingming Jiang, Jiayu Xu, Bing Yang, Rajeswari Chappa, Santosh Chokkakula, Kunlun He","doi":"10.1063/5.0299327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0299327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integration of artificial intelligence, notably the generative language model ChatGPT, into precision medicine precedes a paradigm shift in healthcare. This Review explores the capabilities of ChatGPT to process large data sets, understand contextual details, and generate human-like responses, making it a transformative tool for various applications in precision medicine. By analyzing the genetic sequences, identifying biomarkers, and predicting disease risks, ChatGPT facilitates earlier diagnosis and intervention. Moreover, its natural language processing capabilities enhance patient communication and engagement by elucidating complex medical concepts. This Review further examines ChatGPT's role in streamlining research, augmenting clinical trial recruitment, and supporting healthcare professionals through access to updated information and skill assessment. While acknowledging the complexities and potential concerns regarding reliance on publicly sourced data, this Review highlights ChatGPT's substantial capacity to optimize patient prognoses and enhance the operational efficacy of the healthcare delivery system.</p>","PeriodicalId":46288,"journal":{"name":"APL Bioengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"011502"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12999217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closing the loop on glioblastoma: A roadmap toward developing bioelectronics for continuous monitoring of tumor state.","authors":"Ester Clarisse do Couto Lopes, Joshua P A Daoud, Alexandra Collisson, Ariadni Georgiannakis, Joshua Killilea, Cédric M John, Dimitrios Paraskevopoulos, Christopher A R Chapman","doi":"10.1063/5.0312207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0312207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Closed-loop bioelectronic devices offer a promising platform for responsive treatment to heterogeneous disease states. Glioblastoma, an aggressive form of brain cancer, has recently emerged as a focus of bioelectronic medicine through delivery of electrotherapies. This perspective article posits that true progress in the management of this extremely heterogeneous disease requires the integration of continuous monitoring from the tumor microenvironment as well as on-device analytics to enact closed-loop control. Four promising candidate biological changes present in the glioblastoma microenvironment are highlighted (local field potentials, bioimpedance, local pH, biomarkers) alongside the bioelectronic sensors that can enable the development of multifunctional bioelectronic devices to monitor the changes. Finally, three key principles (patient involvement, data analytics, and device fabrication) governing the successful implementation of closed-loop sensors are proposed to create a roadmap for academics and industry partners to successfully develop multimodal devices for the treatment of glioblastoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":46288,"journal":{"name":"APL Bioengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"010902"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12988838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147469623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving muscle recruitment via multi-electrode transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation using automated selectivity-driven algorithms.","authors":"Mouhamed Zorkot, Solaiman Shokur, Riccardo Carpineto, Silvestro Micera, Mohamed Bouri","doi":"10.1063/5.0298057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0298057","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Spinal cord injury (SCI) severely impairs motor function and quality of life. Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) has emerged as a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique to restore voluntary motor function by engaging spinal circuits below the lesion. While standard tonic tSCS with a single electrode at T11-T12 offers limited gait-specific selectivity, recent studies show that multi-electrode configurations can recruit better proximal and distal muscles on the ipsilateral side. However, clinical translation of such approaches is still limited due to individual variability and the need for time-consuming calibration procedures that rely on manual electrode placement and offline analysis. We aim to enhance the selectivity of tSCS in multi-electrode configurations and to implement online spinal reflex detection and automated algorithms for personalizing stimulation parameters, enabling selective activation of target muscle groups. We propose an automated protocol with online spinal reflex detection and muscle response analysis and developed two algorithms based on near-instantaneously generated online data to determine the optimal electrode position and stimulation amplitude to maximize the selective recruitment of target muscle groups. The approach was tested in &lt;b&gt;14 healthy participants&lt;/b&gt; in the supine position using two distinct multi-electrode configurations: &lt;b&gt;midline configuration&lt;/b&gt; employs three electrodes aligned rostrocaudally along the spinal midline to target proximal, distal, and all lower limb muscle groups and &lt;b&gt;bilateral configuration&lt;/b&gt; employs six electrodes, with three electrodes positioned rostrocaudally and symmetrically on each side of the spinal midline to target six muscle groups (rostrocaudal and ipsilateral). Both setups integrated an automated posterior root-muscle reflex protocol with online spinal reflex detection. Electromyography (EMG) data recorded during stimulation were processed by two independent algorithms: (1) the &lt;b&gt;ranking-based approach (RBA)&lt;/b&gt;, which applies rule-based hierarchical criteria to rank electrodes based on spinal reflex responses, and (2) &lt;b&gt;selectivity-driven approach (SDA)&lt;/b&gt;, which computes a selectivity index to quantitatively assess muscle activity. For each target muscle group, the output of the algorithms is the selection of the optimal electrode and stimulation amplitude that achieves the most selective recruitment. We found that both developed approaches contribute to enhancing the rostrocaudal and ipsilateral selectivity in multi-electrode tSCS. We suggest that SDA is more suitable for selectively recruiting target muscle groups, as it quantifies selectivity based on graded EMG responses, while the RBA is well-suited for rapid, generalized applications, such as the conventional single-electrode tSCS to maximize overall muscle activation. Furthermore, our results challenge common assumptions about tSCS selectivity, including rostrocaudal recruitment of","PeriodicalId":46288,"journal":{"name":"APL Bioengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"016116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12978817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147445678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-optimized HILT promotes peripheral nerve repair through BMP4-Smad9-mediated inhibition of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.","authors":"Lanlan Gong, Danyang Li, Xiaojing Zhao, Yujuan Qu, Shasha Song, Jialin Liu, Shouwei Yue","doi":"10.1063/5.0289844","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0289844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence has shown that high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) may be beneficial for recovery after peripheral nerve injury (PNI). However, the optimized doses and effective mechanisms remain unclear. The present study sought to explore the effects of various doses of HILT on the recovery of nerve function in sciatic nerve injury (SNI) rats. The potential mechanism of action of HILT alleviating PNI was also assessed. Behavioral testing, polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence analyses were applied to explore whether HILT promotes the repair of injured nerves and its underlying mechanisms. SNI induces mechanical nociceptive hypersensitivity, disrupts sciatic nerve structure and function, causes gastrocnemius muscle atrophy, and increases oxidative stress and expression levels of inflammatory factors. HILT effectively ameliorated these SNI-induced alterations. Notably, the Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4)-SMAD Family Member 9 (Smad9) pathway mediates the therapeutic effects of HILT on SNI repair. These findings show for the first time that HILT stimulates the BMP4-Smad9 signaling pathway by increasing Smad9 expression to regulate inflammation and oxidative stress, which ultimately ameliorates SNI.</p>","PeriodicalId":46288,"journal":{"name":"APL Bioengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"016115"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12965775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A vertically integrated system for tracking and assessing cell-cycle-aware phenotypes under confinement.","authors":"Melissa Pezzotti, Eloisa Torchia, Julius Zimmermann, Sara Rigolli, Alessandro Enrico, Martina Sarchi, Moises Di Sante, Francesco S Pasqualini","doi":"10.1063/5.0306480","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0306480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantitative cell biology often examines migration and cell-cycle (CC) progression separately, limiting insights into their interplay under spatial constraints. Here, we present a vertically integrated platform combining multiplexed fluorescent reporters for CC phases, actin, and tubulin with photopatterned extracellular matrix islands of defined sizes, alongside an automated imaging pipeline (Fab2Mic) for high-throughput, live-cell tracking of migration and CC dynamics under planar confinement. Using HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells, we observed that planar confinement progressively reduced cell area and cytoskeletal spread, altered CC phase distributions, and increased abnormal CC events, including prolonged G1 and mitotic slippage, which is unique to confined conditions. Dynamic imaging revealed CC-dependent motility variations, with faster migration in G1. This system enables systematic, CC-aware mechanobiology studies under controlled confinement, providing access to dynamic phenotypes inaccessible to static assays and offering a scalable approach for mechanistic investigations and screening applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":46288,"journal":{"name":"APL Bioengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"016114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12962752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fat promotes growth and invasion in a 3D microfluidic tumor model of triple-negative breast cancer.","authors":"Maryam Kohram, Carolina Trenado-Yuste, Molly C Brennan-Smith, Evelyn S Navarro Salazar, Pengfei Zhang, Jasmine E Hao, Xincheng Xu, Bharvi Chavre, William Oh, Sherry X Zhang, Susan E Leggett, Rolf-Peter Ryseck, Joshua D Rabinowitz, Celeste M Nelson","doi":"10.1063/5.0291646","DOIUrl":"10.1063/5.0291646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diet influences the levels of small molecules that circulate in plasma and interstitial fluid, altering the biochemical composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME). These circulating nutrients have been associated with how tumors grow and respond to treatment, but it remains difficult to parse their direct effects on cancer cells. Here, we combine a three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic tumor model with physiologically relevant culture media to investigate how concentrations of circulating nutrients influence tumor growth, cancer cell invasion, and overall tumor metabolism. Human triple-negative breast cancer cells cultured in 2D under media conditions mimicking five different dietary states show no observable differences in proliferation or morphology. Nonetheless, those exposed to high-fat conditions exhibit increased metabolic activity and upregulate genes associated with motility and extracellular matrix remodeling. In the 3D microfluidic model, high-fat conditions accelerate tumor growth and invasion and induce the formation of hollow cavities. Surprisingly, the presence of these cavities does not correlate with an increase in apoptosis or ferroptosis. Instead, RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that high-fat conditions induce the expression of <i>MMP1</i>, consistent with cavitation via cell invasion. Mimicking the interstitial flow of nutrients within the TME can thus be used to identify novel connections between metabolic states and tumor phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":46288,"journal":{"name":"APL Bioengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"016111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12959953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoxia-induced drug-resistance bias 3D cancer spheroid drug screens.","authors":"Tiger Haoran Shi, Yu-Tang Huang, Hyunsu Jeon, Daniel Montes-Pinzon, Peter Mu-Hsin Chang, Nai-Jung Chiang, John Alex Sinclair, Angela Taglione, Donny Hanjaya-Putra, Yichun Wang, Chi-Ying F Huang, Hsueh-Chia Chang","doi":"10.1063/5.0304565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0304565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cellular 3D cancer spheroid technologies are novel tools that facilitate large-scale drug screening to bridge the <i>in vitro</i>-<i>in vivo</i> gap, without the cross-species effects of animal models. However, many spheroid studies fail to achieve <math><mrow><mi>I</mi> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>50</mn></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </math> (dosage for 50% inhibition) even for unreasonably high applied drug concentrations (up to 1000× 2D <math><mrow><mi>I</mi> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>50</mn></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </math> ). By mapping oxygen transport in patient-derived pancreatic cancer spheroids, this limiting viability is attributed to a near-universal oxygen decay gradient that renders cells deeper than 20 <i>μ</i>m from the spheroid surface hypoxically quiescent and resistant to many chemotherapeutic drugs. The dose-independent viability barrier prevents <math><mrow><mi>I</mi> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>50</mn></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mrow> </math> from being achieved for spheroids larger than 150 <i>μ</i>m in diameter if the applied drug is dependent on the proliferating cell behavior. By examining three cancer cell types and five chemotherapeutic drugs, targeting this limiting viability barrier allows the selection of drugs and adjuvants that are effective in treating all cell populations within a spheroid. The reported analysis provides a framework for the accurate assessment of drug efficacy to target both well-oxygenated proliferating cells and hypoxically quiescent cells in biologically relevant and realistic 3D spheroid systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":46288,"journal":{"name":"APL Bioengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"016113"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12956372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational modeling of human vagus nerve stimulation with three-dimensional fascicular morphology.","authors":"Daniel P Marshall, Aniruddha R Upadhye, Ozge N Buyukcelik, Andrew J Shoffstall, Warren M Grill, Nicole A Pelot","doi":"10.1063/5.0308450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0308450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Implanted vagus nerve stimulation is FDA-approved to treat epilepsy, depression, and stroke sequelae and is under development for other disorders such as heart failure and rheumatoid arthritis. Anatomically realistic computational models enable the design of electrodes and stimulation parameters that activate nerve fibers that mediate therapeutic responses, and avoid activating fibers that cause side effects. Conventional modeling techniques assume constant longitudinal morphology, extruding a single cross section to define the three-dimensional nerve geometry. However, recent imaging data showed that human vagus nerves have extensive fascicle splitting and merging along their length. Therefore, we developed a pipeline to simulate true three-dimensional (true-3D) models of peripheral nerve stimulation from segmentations of micro-computed tomography imaging. We implemented models of n = 4 human vagus nerves and systematically evaluated extrusion vs true-3D model responses to electrical stimulation across population dose-response relationships, fiber-specific thresholds, recruitment order, and spatial selectivity. Despite the complex morphology of the human vagus nerve, extrusion models replicated the true-3D neural responses if: (1) the nerve morphology was deformed to a circular cross section, as occurs with chronic cuff implants, and (2) the extruded cross section was centered under the depolarizing electrode contact. Our pipeline provides a foundation for advanced modeling of peripheral nerve stimulation and the design of more selective stimulation therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":46288,"journal":{"name":"APL Bioengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"016112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12956375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal stem cell membrane-coated kaempferol biomimetic nanoformulation for the treatment of atherosclerosis.","authors":"Qianting Zhang, Xiangxiu Wang, Hongping Zhang, Keqiao He, Daojun Pu, Hong Chen, Anna Malashicheva, Wenbo Han, Chuanrong Zhao, Guixue Wang","doi":"10.1063/5.0303756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0303756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerosis and its complications are highly prevalent worldwide, and managing oxidative stress in endothelial cells to alleviate abnormal inflammatory damage is a critical therapeutic approach. Nanomedicine delivery systems offer promising solutions by overcoming the limitations of surgical interventions and the off-target effects of oral drugs. In this study, we developed a modified mesenchymal stem cell membrane (MSCM)-encapsulated nanoparticle drug delivery system that effectively delivers kaempferol to atherosclerotic sites. These biomimetic nanoparticles were able to specifically target endothelial cells in an inflammatory environment while evading macrophage-mediated endocytosis. Moreover, the modified MSCM-encapsulated kaempferol nanoparticles (KPM) had a protective effect on oxidatively damaged endothelial cells. <i>In vivo</i>, the modified nanoparticles successfully migrated toward atherosclerotic lesions, as demonstrated in a mouse model of susceptible atherosclerotic plaques. Intravenous injection of KPM significantly reduced the lipid plaque load and improved plaque structure. Furthermore, the biosafety of KPM was comprehensively assessed both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, with no significant effects on blood count, lipid balance, cellular activity, body weight, or liver or kidney function. This is the first report of the use of MSCM to encapsulate kaempferol nanodrugs to treat atherosclerosis. This strategy presents a novel and effective therapeutic system for targeted delivery of antioxidant therapy to atherosclerotic sites, offering potential for the treatment of atherosclerosis in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":46288,"journal":{"name":"APL Bioengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"016110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12948443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New concept in wound infection management: From bacterial eradication to microbiome modulation.","authors":"Tingting Hu, Zihan Chen, Zhe Yin, Luling Zhou, Qin Chen, Yanting Han, Ka Li","doi":"10.1063/5.0314581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0314581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wound infection represents a significant challenge in clinical practice. Traditional wound management, targeting sterility and relying on strategies of broad-spectrum bactericidal activity and antibiotic dependence, achieves partial infection control but induces severe complications, including exacerbated bacterial resistance and skin microbiota dysbiosis. With the continuous advancement of microbiome research, a novel consensus has emerged: the key to wound healing lies not in the complete eradication of all microorganisms but in maintaining the dynamic balance of the microbial ecosystem. This review aims to elaborate on the paradigm shift from \"bactericidal eradication\" to \"microbial modulation\" in wound care, analyze the inherent limitations of conventional antibacterial strategies, and systematically summarize the critical roles of skin commensal microbiota in promoting wound healing through core mechanisms such as competitive inhibition, metabolic regulation, and immune modulation. Furthermore, it proposes that the core strategy of future wound care should focus on precision microbial modulation and discusses the application prospects of cutting-edge technologies, including probiotics, postbiotics, and individualized precision interventions. The innovative significance of this paradigm in wound dressing design is envisaged, emphasizing the development of novel materials integrating microbiota-specific regulatory capabilities and smart responsive functions. This work provides theoretical support for the precision prevention and control of wound infections, the improvement of healing quality, and technological innovation in the field of wound care.</p>","PeriodicalId":46288,"journal":{"name":"APL Bioengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"010901"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12948442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}