Blood Research最新文献

{"title":"Prognostication in myeloproliferative neoplasms, including mutational abnormalities.","authors":"Junshik Hong","doi":"10.5045/br.2023.2023038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2023.2023038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing knowledge of the molecular features of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is being combined with existing prognostic models based on clinical, laboratory, and cytogenetic information. Mutation-enhanced international prognostic systems (MIPSS) for polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) have improved prognostic assessments. In the case of overt primary myelofibrosis (PMF), the MIPSS70 and its later revisions (MIPSS70+ and MIPSS70+ version 2.0) effectively predicted the overall survival (OS) of patients. Because post-PV and post-ET myelofibrosis have different biological and clinical courses compared to overt PMF, the myelofibrosis secondary to PV and ET-prognostic model was developed. Although these molecular-inspired prognostic models need to be further validated in future studies, they are expected to improve the prognostic power in patients with MPNs in the molecular era. Efforts are being made to predict survival after the use of specific drugs or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These treatment outcome prediction models enable the establishment of personalized treatment strategies, thereby improving the OS of patients with MPNs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/44/4e/br-58-s1-s37.PMC10133848.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9510857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status of red blood cell manufacturing in 3D culture and bioreactors.","authors":"Soonho Kweon,&nbsp;Suyeon Kim,&nbsp;Eun Jung Baek","doi":"10.5045/br.2023.2023008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2023.2023008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Owing to donor-related issues, blood shortages and transfusion-related adverse reactions have become global issues of grave concern. <i>In vitro</i> manufactured red blood cells (RBCs) are promising substitutes for blood donation. In the United Kingdom, a clinical trial for allogeneic mini transfusion of cultured RBCs derived from primary hematopoietic stem cells has recently begun. However, current production quantities are limited and need improved before clinical use. New methods to enhance manufacturing efficiencies have been explored, including different cell sources, bioreactors, and 3-dimensional (3D) materials; however, further research is required. In this review, we discuss various cell sources for blood cell production, recent advances in bioreactor manufacturing processes, and the clinical applications of cultured blood.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8d/2c/br-58-s1-s46.PMC10133843.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9456507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfusion thresholds: the need for a patient-centered approach in hematologic disorders that require chronic transfusion therapy.","authors":"Han Joo Kim,&nbsp;Sang-Hyun Hwang,&nbsp;Heung-Bum Oh,&nbsp;Dae-Hyun Ko","doi":"10.5045/br.2023.2023009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2023.2023009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transfusion is an essential life-sustaining treatment for many patients. However, unnecessary transfusion has been reported to be related to worse patient outcomes. Further, owing to the recent pandemic, blood supply has been more challenging to maintain. Many studies have been conducted to elucidate the optimal transfusion threshold for many clinical conditions, and most suggested that a restrictive transfusion strategy has advantages over a liberal transfusion strategy. Hematologic disorders, which require chronic transfusion in many cases, have not been the main subjects of such studies, and only little evidence is available regarding the optimal transfusion threshold in these patients. According to several recent studies, a liberal transfusion strategy is preferable for patients with hematologic disorders due to their quality of life. A patient-centered approach is needed for proper management of hematologic disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c4/8f/br-58-s1-s8.PMC10133846.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9826122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome - could it be a sequelae of COVID-19?","authors":"Nusa Matijasic Stjepovic,&nbsp;Izabela Kranjcec,&nbsp;Alenka Gagro,&nbsp;Gordana Jakovljevic","doi":"10.5045/br.2023.2022200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2023.2022200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2f/f2/br-58-1-77.PMC10063596.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9283127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of laboratory diagnostic tests for light-chain clonality and bone marrow findings in AL amyloidosis.","authors":"Taegeun Lee,&nbsp;Chan-Jeoung Park,&nbsp;Miyoung Kim,&nbsp;Young-Uk Cho,&nbsp;Seongsoo Jang,&nbsp;Sang-Hyun Hwang,&nbsp;Jung-Hee Lee,&nbsp;Dok Hyun Yoon","doi":"10.5045/br.2023.2022232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2023.2022232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Light-chain amyloidosis (AL) is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of laboratory tests for light-chain clonality and bone marrow (BM) findings in AL amyloidosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively enrolled patients newly diagnosed with AL amyloidosis on pathological examination who underwent a BM biopsy. Laboratory test data for light-chain clonality were collected and compared. Amyloid deposits were identified with H&E, Congo red, and PAS stains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We reviewed 98 patients with AL amyloidosis. Light chain clonality (λ, 64 cases; κ, 34 cases) was detected by serum immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) (63.3%), urine IFE (70.8%), serum protein electrophoresis (PEP) (44.9%), urine PEP (44.8%), serum free light chain (SFLC) ratio (79.5%), and BM immunohistochemistry (IHC) (85.7%). Flow cytometric (FCM) assay identified aberrant BM plasma cells in 92.9% of cases. BM amyloid deposits were identified in 35 of the 98 cases (35.7%); 71.4% (25/35) were Congo red-positive, and 100.0% (35/35) were PAS-positive.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Laboratory tests for detecting light-chain clonality in AL amyloidosis in order of sensitivity include FCM assay for aberrant plasma cells, IHC for light chains on BM biopsy or clot section, SFLC ratio, and serum and urine IFE. Congo red staining of BM samples remains an important tool for identifying amyloid deposits in BM. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining can be useful in diagnosing some cases of Congo red-negative amyloidosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/04/be/br-58-1-71.PMC10063599.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9222182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 on acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a concise review.","authors":"Reham Osama Mansour,&nbsp;Shaimaa El-Ashwah,&nbsp;May Denewer","doi":"10.5045/br.2023.2022144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2023.2022144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to delineate the possible impact of COVID-19 on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients in terms of diagnosis, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant, and vaccination response. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is markedly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, as both donors and recipients must be healthy for transplantation to be feasible and successful. Delays in the identification of well-matched donors have been predicted, and represent a special challenge. Therefore, future donors should be tested for COVID-19. The outcome of delayed transplantation is vague and masked by variations in stem cell source along with disease subtype. However, if transplant delay results in recurrence of minimal residual disease, a negative impact on survival is anticipated.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/db/05/br-58-1-13.PMC10063594.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9581902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validating lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a component of the PLASMIC predictive tool (PLASMIC-LDH).","authors":"Christopher Chin Keong Liam,&nbsp;Jim Yu-Hsiang Tiao,&nbsp;Yee Yee Yap,&nbsp;Yi Lin Lee,&nbsp;Jameela Sathar,&nbsp;Simon McRae,&nbsp;Amanda Davis,&nbsp;Jennifer Curnow,&nbsp;Robert Bird,&nbsp;Philip Choi,&nbsp;Pantep Angchaisuksiri,&nbsp;Sim Leng Tien,&nbsp;Joyce Ching Mei Lam,&nbsp;Doyeun Oh,&nbsp;Jin Seok Kim,&nbsp;Sung-Soo Yoon,&nbsp;Raymond Siu-Ming Wong,&nbsp;Carolyn Lauren,&nbsp;Eileen Grace Merriman,&nbsp;Anoop Enjeti,&nbsp;Mark Smith,&nbsp;Ross Ian Baker","doi":"10.5045/br.2023.2022133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2023.2022133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The PLASMIC score is a convenient tool for predicting ADAMTS13 activity of <10%. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is widely used as a marker of haemolysis in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) monitoring, and could be used as a replacement marker for lysis. We aimed to validate the PLASMIC score in a multi-centre Asia Pacific region, and to explore whether LDH could be used as a replacement marker for lysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Records of patients with thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) were reviewed. Patients' ADAMTS13 activity levels were obtained, along with clinical/laboratory findings relevant to the PLASMIC score. Both PLASMIC scores and PLASMIC-LDH scores, in which LDH replaced traditional lysis markers, were calculated. We generated a receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve and compared the area under the curve values (AUC) to determine the predictive ability of each score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>46 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, of which 34 had ADAMTS13 activity levels of <10%. When the patients were divided into intermediate-to-high risk (scores 5‒7) and low risk (scores 0‒4), the PLASMIC score showed a sensitivity of 97.1% and specificity of 58.3%, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 86.8% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 87.5%. The PLASMIC-LDH score had a sensitivity of 97.1% and specificity of 33.3%, with a PPV of 80.5% and NPV of 80.0%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study validated the utility of the PLASMIC score, and demonstrated PLASMIC-LDH as a reasonable alternative in the absence of traditional lysis markers, to help identify high-risk patients for treatment via plasma exchange.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fb/e3/br-58-1-36.PMC10063598.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9581887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acquired von willebrand syndrome in patients with philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm.","authors":"Ik-Chan Song,&nbsp;Sora Kang,&nbsp;Myung-Won Lee,&nbsp;Hyewon Ryu,&nbsp;Hyo-Jin Lee,&nbsp;Hwan-Jung Yun,&nbsp;Deog-Yeon Jo","doi":"10.5045/br.2023.2022218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2023.2022218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) has not been investigated in Korean patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed the prevalence at diagnosis and clinical features of AVWS in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), prefibrotic/early primary myelofibrosis (pre-PMF), or overt PMF (PMF) diagnosed between January 2019 and December 2021 at Chungam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea. AVWS was defined as below the lower reference limit (56%) of ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-four consecutive patients (36 with ET, 17 with PV, 6 with pre-PMF, and 5 with PMF; 30 men and 34 women) with a median age of 67 years (range, 18‒87 yr) were followed for a median of 25.1 months (range, 2.6‒46.4 mo). AVWS was detected in 20 (31.3%) patients at diagnosis and was most frequent in ET patients (41.4%), followed by patients with pre-PMF (33.3%) and PV (17.6%) patients. VWF:RCo was negatively correlated with the platelet count (r=0.937; <i>P</i>=0.002). Only one episode of minor bleeding occurred in a patient with ET and AVWS. Younger age (<50 yr) [odds ratio (OR), 7.08; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.27‒39.48; <i>P</i>=0.026] and thrombocytosis (>600×10⁹/L) (OR, 13.70; 95% CI, 1.35‒138.17; <i>P</i>=0.026) were independent risk factors for developing AVWS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AVWS based on VWF:RCo was common in patients with ET and pre-PMF, but less common in patients with PV in the Korean population. Clinically significant bleeding is rare in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9f/cf/br-58-1-42.PMC10063591.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9581904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of ABO blood group antigens on residual factor VIII levels and risk of inhibitor development in hemophilia A.","authors":"Debadrita Ray,&nbsp;Narender Kumar,&nbsp;Chander Hans,&nbsp;Anita Kler,&nbsp;Richa Jain,&nbsp;Deepak Bansal,&nbsp;Amita Trehan,&nbsp;Arihant Jain,&nbsp;Pankaj Malhotra,&nbsp;Jasmina Ahluwalia","doi":"10.5045/br.2023.2022197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2023.2022197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The clinical phenotype of hemophilia A (HA) does not always correlate with severity. Similarly, the presence of inhibitors does not necessarily increase the risk of bleeding. This paradox between clinical and laboratory findings may be partially attributed to non-modifiable factors, such as blood group, which is known to influence FVIII levels in healthy individuals. Our aim was to assess the effect of ABO blood group antigens on FVIII levels across the severity spectrum of HA and risk of inhibitor development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data of consecutive patients with HA who visited the coagulation unit of a northern Indian tertiary care hospital between 2010‒2021 were reviewed. Patients with missing blood group data, transfusion histories, or baseline FVIII levels were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mild, moderate, and severe HA was present in 41 (6.9%), 72 (12.2%), and 479 (80.9%) patients, respectively. There were no differences in the FVIII levels among the various blood groups across the HA severity spectrum. Inhibitors were administered to 35 patients (5.9%). In the multivariate analysis, blood group A was an independent risk factor for the development of inhibitors (adjusted odds ratio 2.70, <i>P</i>=0.04) after adjusting for age at onset of bleeding, FVIII transfusion, age at first FVIII transfusion, and severity of HA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Unlike what is observed in healthy individuals, blood group did not influence residual FVIII levels across the severity spectrum of HA. Patients in group A had a higher risk of developing inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fe/69/br-58-1-61.PMC10063595.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9222170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic approach and use of CTPA in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism in an emergency department in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Feras Almarshad,&nbsp;Ali Alaklabi,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Al Raizah,&nbsp;Yousof AlZahrani,&nbsp;Somaya Awad Aljohani,&nbsp;Rawaby Khalid AlShammari,&nbsp;Al-Zahraa Saleh Al-Mahlawi,&nbsp;Abdulaziz Abdullah Alahmary,&nbsp;Mosaad Almegren,&nbsp;Dushad Ram","doi":"10.5045/br.2023.2023007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5045/br.2023.2023007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE), the literature suggests the overuse of computerized tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and underuse of clinical decision rules before imaging request. This study determined the potential for avoidable CTPA using the modified Wells score (mWS) and D-dimer assay in patients with suspected PE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This hospital-based retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of 661 consecutive patients with suspected PE who underwent CTPA in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital for the use of a clinical prediction rule (mWS) and D-dimer assay. The score was calculated retrospectively from the available data in the files of patients who did not have a documented clinical prediction rule. Overuse (avoidable) CTPA was defined as D-dimer negativity and PE unlikely for this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 661 patients' data examined, clinical prediction rules were documented in 15 (2.3%). In total, 422 patients (63.8%) had required information on modified Wells criteria and D-dimer assays and were included for further analysis. PE on CTPA was present in 22 (5.21%) of PE unlikely (mWS ≤4) and 1 (0.24%) of D-dimer negative patients. Thirty patients (7.11%) met the avoidable CTPA (DD negative+PE unlikely) criteria, and it was significantly associated with dyspnea. The value of sensitivity of avoidable CTPA was 100%, whereas the positive predictive value was 90.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Underutilization of clinical prediction rules before prescribing CTPA is common in emergency departments. Therefore, a mandatory policy should be implemented regarding the evaluation of avoidable CTPA imaging to reduce CTPA overuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/25/35/br-58-1-51.PMC10063597.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9601817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}