Blood Research最新文献

{"title":"Treatment of transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma.","authors":"Jongheon Jung","doi":"10.1007/s44313-025-00102-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44313-025-00102-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment landscape for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who are ineligible for transplant has evolved significantly over time. Initially dominated by melphalan-based regimens, treatment options have progressed with the introduction of proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and more recently, anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies. These advances have led to the development of doublet, triplet, and quadruple regimens, aiming not only for survival benefits, but also for meaningful responses, as represented by minimal residual disease negativity, while maintaining tolerability. The management of frailty in older patients has gained importance, and various frailty assessment tools have been proposed to guide treatment decisions. At the same time, ongoing efforts are being made to develop differentiated treatment strategies for patients with frailty based on frailty status. This review discusses the key therapeutic strategies for patients with MM who are transplant ineligible, the role of frailty assessments, and emerging treatment strategies that promise further evolution in treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel agents and evolving strategies for anemia management in lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes.","authors":"Junshik Hong","doi":"10.1007/s44313-025-00099-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44313-025-00099-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent developments in the treatment of lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes have focused on improving anemia management, which remains a major clinical challenge. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and lenalidomide are the standard therapies; however, their effectiveness is limited by resistance and patient selection criteria. Luspatercept, a transforming growth factor-beta superfamily ligand trap, has shown improved transfusion independence and is now considered a frontline option for a broader group of patients. Clinical trials have indicated that luspatercept provides a sustained response in several cases. Imetelstat, a telomerase inhibitor, offers an alternative for patients who do not respond to ESAs and has been shown to reduce the clonal mutation burden, suggesting possible disease-modifying effects. However, unresolved issues remain, such as the lack of predictive biomarkers to guide therapy selection, uncertainty about the optimal sequencing or combination of available treatments, and the fact that most patients eventually progress to higher-risk disease. Additionally, the real-world use of these new agents remains limited in some regions owing to issues with local introduction and reimbursement. This review summarizes recent clinical data on luspatercept and imetelstat, highlights their current limitations, and discusses areas for future research based on recent trial outcomes and evolving clinical practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12484490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular spectrum and carrier frequency of deletional hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin and delta-beta thalassemia in Malaysia.","authors":"Faidatul Syazlin Abdul Hamid, Sabariah Md Noor, Mei I Lai, Samsol Kamal Mohd Bahari, Ezalia Esa, Ermi Neiza Mohd Sahid, Norafiza Mohd Yasin, Yuslina Mat Yusoff","doi":"10.1007/s44313-025-00100-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44313-025-00100-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Thalassemia is a major public health concern in Southeast Asia, particularly in Malaysia, where a high carrier rate places significant pressure on healthcare systems. Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin (HPFH) and delta-beta (δβ) thalassemia are genetic conditions associated with elevated levels of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F). This study aimed to determine the frequency of common beta (β)-globin gene cluster deletions among Malaysian carriers of HPFH or δβ thalassemia, while also providing an overview of the thalassemia burden in the region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on 534 blood samples submitted to the Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Malaysia, for β-thalassemia genotyping between January 2017 and December 2019. Demographic data, including full blood count parameters and hemoglobin (Hb) analysis, were retrieved. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted and analyzed using Multiplex Gap-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect large deletions in the β-globin gene cluster.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven distinct deletions were identified among the 534 heterozygous carriers. The two most common deletions were ^Gγ(^Aγδβ)°-thalassemia Siriraj I (~ 118 kilobase pairs [kb]) and δβ°-thalassemia Thai (~ 12.5 kb), accounting for 30.0% and 29.8% of cases, respectively. The HPFH-6 deletion was observed in 20.0% of cases, followed by ^Gγ(^Aγδβ)°-thalassemia Asian-Indian Inversion-Deletion (Inv/Del) (14.2%), ^Gγ(^Aγδβ)°-thalassemia Chinese (~ 100 kb) (4.3%), HPFH-3 (0.9%), and ^Gγ(^Aγδβ)°-thalassemia Asian (~ 49.3 kb) (0.7%). The ethnic distribution showed a predominance among Malay patients (93.4%), with specific deletions suggesting ethnic clustering. Genotype-phenotype analysis revealed notable variations in hematological parameters: carriers of HPFH-3 had the highest Hb F levels (25.3 ± 3.1%) as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and showed the least severe microcytosis, while carriers of δβ°-thalassemia Thai (~ 12.5 kb) demonstrated more pronounced hematological abnormalities. Findings were consistent with previous reports from Southeast Asia, underscoring the importance of incorporating molecular diagnostics into national screening programs. Although Multiplex Gap-PCR is robust, further studies using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) are recommended to detect rare or undetected mutations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides crucial data on the molecular spectrum of HPFH and δβ thalassemia in Malaysia, contributing to improved diagnostic strategies and genetic counselling. Future research should explore additional genetic variants to enhance national thalassemia prevention programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12480163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the current apixaban dosing strategy adequately fit and ensure safety in Korean patients with atrial fibrillation?","authors":"Bohyun Kim","doi":"10.1007/s44313-025-00103-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44313-025-00103-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12417350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RUNX1 alterations and survival outcomes in AML: leukocyte dynamics and thrombocytosis insights from an Indonesian cohort.","authors":"Ikhwan Rinaldi, Elly Yanah Arwanih, Kevin Winston, Farida Farah Adibah, Yuli Maulidiya Shufiyani, Rafida Amalia Salma","doi":"10.1007/s44313-025-00096-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44313-025-00096-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy with varying prognostic outcomes. This study aimed to observe potential patterns or association between RUNX1 mutations and clinical features of AML patients, including hyperleukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and 12-month survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study involving 38 patients diagnosed with de novo AML was conducted at the RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo and Dharmais Cancer Hospital between 2022 and 2023. Patients were followed up for 12 months, and RUNX1 mutations within exons 4, 5, 7, and 8 were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-Sanger sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study found RUNX1 mutations in 18.4% of the patients, predominantly in exons 4 and 5. Significant differences in leukocyte counts were observed between patients with and without RUNX1 mutations (p = 0.004). However, no significant association was observed between RUNX1 mutations and hyperleukocytosis or thrombocytosis. Survival analysis revealed that Individuals with RUNX1 mutations had notably lower survival rates (hazard ratio = 6.024, p = 0.014, 95% CI = 1.436-25.279).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, RUNX1 mutations may be associated with poor survival outcomes in Indonesian AML patients. Further studies involving larger cohorts and comprehensive molecular analyses are required to confirm the prognostic significance of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12401826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progression of carotid plaque burden in patients with polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia.","authors":"Seong Soon Kwon, Sun Young Jeong, Min-Young Lee, Kyoung Ha Kim, Namsu Lee, Jong-Ho Won, Seug Yun Yoon","doi":"10.1007/s44313-025-00098-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44313-025-00098-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Prevention of vascular events is the main objective in patients with polycythemia vera (PV) or essential thrombocythemia (ET). Carotid ultrasonography (USG) is a safe and noninvasive diagnostic tool that can be used to stratify cardiovascular and stroke risks. In our previous study, carotid plaque burden was significantly higher in patients with PV/ET than in the general population. This study aimed to determine changes in carotid plaques in patients with PV/ET.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of patients with ET/PV who had undergone carotid USG at least twice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 56 patients, 30 had PV and 26 had ET. The carotid plaque score was increased in the follow-up carotid USG compared with that in the initial carotid USG (3.38 ± 1.47 vs. 3.73 ± 1.46, p = 0.0139). The carotid plaque burden at the time of follow-up carotid USG showed no significant differences in patients with a complete hematologic response (CHR); however, it significantly worsened in patients who failed to achieve CHR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We confirmed that the carotid plaque burden persisted during follow-up in patients with PV/ET. A CHR may prevent an increase in carotid plaque burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12401794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world data on long-term outcomes in patients with T-cell lymphomas: a nationwide study of Korea.","authors":"Dong Won Baek, Jung Min Lee, Youngeun Jang, Yunji Lee, Hee Jeong Cho, Joon Ho Moon, Hasung Kim, Hoseob Kim, Sang Kyun Sohn","doi":"10.1007/s44313-025-00095-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44313-025-00095-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a rare and heterogeneous group of aggressive malignancies. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze patients diagnosed with PTCLs in Korea, evaluating treatment outcomes, including transplantation and long-term survival.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, clinical data from the National Health Insurance Service on patients with PTCL were investigated. Most patients diagnosed with mature T-cell lymphomas and natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphomas between January 2005 and December 2022 in Korea were included. Incidence rates of each subtype and survival outcomes of both treated and untreated patients were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12,573 patients were analyzed. PTCL not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma were the most frequently diagnosed, followed by angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). Compared to the general population, the relative survival rate was highest in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. With a median follow-up of 6.7 years, the 3-year and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates among treated patients were 44.0% and 39.5%, while the overall survival (OS) rates were 48.6% and 43.5%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that patients who added etoposide to the CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) regimen showed improved PFS and OS. In addition, autologous stem cell transplantation significantly improved PFS and OS, particularly in the PTCL-NOS and AITL subtypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients who received etoposide-containing CHOP-based regimens had improved treatment outcomes. The survival benefits of consolidative autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) were evident in PTCL-NOS and AITL.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12370571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of product of platelet and neutrophil count with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES.","authors":"Lijie Wang, Peiyao Yang, Huijie Nan, Wenqian Li, Yuanyuan Liu, Fangfang Xu, Mingyue Shi, Yanliang Bai","doi":"10.1007/s44313-025-00094-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44313-025-00094-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammation indices are emerging predictors of diseases. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a precancerous state and chronic inflammation may drive MGUS progression. This study aimed to evaluate the association between inflammatory markers and MGUS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and 1999-2004 were collected from 6,383 participants. MGUS subtypes were identified using immunofixation electrophoresis. Seven inflammatory indices [lymphocyte count (LC), neutrophil count (NC), platelet-neutrophil product (PPN), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP)] were calculated. Weighted multivariate regression and subgroup analyses assessed the relationships, reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 6383 patients included in the study, 157 (2.45%) underwent MGUS. There was a significant correlation trend between ln PPN level and the development of MGUS, especially at low levels (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.54-4.75, p-trend = 0.001), while the correlation between PLR level and MGUS was not obvious. In the subgroup analysis, a significant association between PPN level and MGUS was mainly found in the overall population, female sex, non-Hispanic black, non-hypercholesterolemia, non-type 2 diabetes (T2D), high school education or above, and divorced or widowed; however, there was no significant interaction between PPN level and MGUS in each subgroup.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PPN levels were significantly associated with MGUS development. Our study identified PPN as a novel and convenient inflammatory marker with potential clinical relevance. Although preliminary, the observed associations highlight the need for validation through longitudinal studies before considering their clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12361022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with hematologic malignancies treated with Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors.","authors":"Joon Young Hur, Jung-Hee Lee, Je-Hwan Lee, Han-Seung Park, Hyunkyung Park, Yunsuk Choi, Jung Hye Choi, Young-Woong Won, Sang Eun Yoon, Won Seog Kim, Seok Jin Kim","doi":"10.1007/s44313-025-00093-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44313-025-00093-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis) are effective and well-tolerated treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Here, we describe the clinical characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in patients with hematological malignancies treated with BTKis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients were required to have a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of CLL or MCL, receive at least one cycle of ibrutinib or zanubrutinib, and have either positive hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis B core antibody at diagnosis. Patients were excluded if they had received rituximab or obinutuzumab within the previous 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified five patients with CLL and one with MCL who had resolved HBV infections and received BTKis during the study period. None of the patients received anti-HBV prophylaxis after CLL diagnosis. The patient with MCL who received zanubrutinib was confirmed to have HBV reactivation even after prophylactic entecavir administration followed by tenofovir. All five patients with CLL received ibrutinib as second-line therapy. A 62-year-old man died of hepatorenal syndrome associated with HBV reactivation despite entecavir treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of HBV-related death in patients receiving BTKis from HBV-endemic areas, and the first case of HBV reactivation associated with zanubrutinib despite previous entecavir prophylaxis. Further prospective studies are warranted to develop useful guidelines for monitoring HBV DNA and antiviral prophylaxis to prevent HBV reactivation after BTKi therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12356762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive analysis of the role of stem cell transplantation in mantle cell lymphoma: real-world data from the Korean Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation registry: Stem cell transplantation outcomes in mantle cell lymphoma.","authors":"Dong Won Baek, Joon Ho Moon, Jae Hoon Lee, Ka-Won Kang, Ho Sup Lee, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Eunyoung Lee, Ji Hyun Lee, Jeong-Ok Lee, Seong Kyu Park, Seok Jin Kim, Youngil Koh, Jong-Ho Won, Jung-Hee Lee, Joon Seong Park, Jae-Cheol Jo, Yeung-Chul Mun, Deok-Hwan Yang, Ga-Young Song, Sung-Nam Lim, Sang Kyun Sohn","doi":"10.1007/s44313-025-00092-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44313-025-00092-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Stem cell transplantation (SCT) has historically played a major role in the long-term remission of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an incurable hematological malignancy. Using data from the Korean Society of Bone and Marrow Transplantation registry, we retrospectively analyzed the role of autologous (auto) and allogeneic (allo) SCT in long-term MCL survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed data from 188 patients (age ≥ 19 years at the time of transplantation) who underwent a transplant for MCL from 2011 to 2020. Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as the time from transplantation to disease progression, relapse, or death from any cause. Overall survival (OS) was defined as the time from transplantation to death from any cause or the last follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 109 patients underwent consolidative SCT after first-line chemotherapy. The 3-year PFS and OS rates were 65.4% and 78.5%, respectively, in the auto-SCT group, and 66.7% and 71.4%, respectively, in the allo-SCT group. The PFS and OS did not differ significantly between the auto- and allo-SCT groups. As part of salvage treatment, 52 patients with relapsed or refractory disease underwent auto- or allo-SCT. Patients who underwent auto-SCT with complete remission/partial remission status reported better outcomes. In patients with refractory status, allogeneic transplantation using human leukocyte antigen (HLA) fully matched donors was a significantly favorable factor for PFS and OS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The long-term survival of patients who underwent consolidative transplantation was similar to that reported in previous studies. Auto-SCT may be beneficial in patients who respond to salvage therapy, whereas allo-SCT with HLA-matched donors may be an alternative for patients with refractory disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":46224,"journal":{"name":"Blood Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12350992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}