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Consolation Through Argumentation? Prototypical and Stereotypical Argumentative Patterns in Secular Eulogies 通过论证进行安慰？世俗悼词中的原型和定型论证模式
IF 1 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-024-09633-0
Iva Svačinová
{"title":"Consolation Through Argumentation? Prototypical and Stereotypical Argumentative Patterns in Secular Eulogies","authors":"Iva Svačinová","doi":"10.1007/s10503-024-09633-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-024-09633-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The article focuses on the argumentative character of the eulogy, a speech that is part of a funeral ritual and serves to console the community of the bereaved. It aims to contribute to the understanding of eulogy as a specific argumentative practice by identifying the argumentative patterns that occur in it. A pragma-dialectical approach to the study of argumentation is used, allowing for the description of prototypical (theoretically expected) and stereotypical (frequent in use) argumentative patterns. To probe the empirical plausibility of the argumentative character of eulogy, the research is limited to a type of secular eulogy that was historically established in Czechoslovakia during the communist period (1948–1989). This type is chosen here for pragmatic reasons (easy access to data and researcher’s familiarity with the language of the data). It is shown that in secular eulogy, arguments in favour of reconciliation with death and honouring the deceased are typically presented. Prototypical and stereotypical patterns are examined with concern for the structure of these arguments, and the argumentative and content analysis is extended by identification of specific propositional content of sub-arguments. It  is also proposed examining the variability of argumentative patterns with respect to the type of the deceased (male/female, short/long life experience, significant/insignificant social status).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"38 3","pages":"289 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142412401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epidemiology of Fallacies 谬误流行病学
IF 1 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-024-09634-z
Antonio Duarte
{"title":"Epidemiology of Fallacies","authors":"Antonio Duarte","doi":"10.1007/s10503-024-09634-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-024-09634-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper I apply the epidemiological model of the spread of beliefs and how they become cultural representations to the field of fallacies. The model suggests that beliefs tend to replicate as a virus does in a potential epidemic, and those strains that are dominant in a given socio-cultural sphere become cultural representations. My ultimate aim is to denounce the fact that some presumptive argumentation schemes are widely applied as definitive arguments, but turn out to be instances of common and traditional fallacies. Moreover, some such fallacies have managed to colonise the human mind and become cultural representations in society today. Adopting the approach I advocate here, we could say that the fallacy has become a belief, which has then managed to replicate like a virus, and finally the fallacy has become a cultural representation. One of the great harms that results from this process is that it is very difficult to open up effective lines of argument that expose the fallacious nature of these new and perverse cultural representations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"38 3","pages":"329 - 347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10503-024-09634-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In Defense of a Normative Concept of Argument 为论证的规范性概念辩护
IF 1 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-024-09629-w
Matthew W. McKeon
{"title":"In Defense of a Normative Concept of Argument","authors":"Matthew W. McKeon","doi":"10.1007/s10503-024-09629-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-024-09629-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Blair articulates a concept of argument that suggests, as he puts it, that argument is a normative concept (Blair, Informal Logic 24:137–151, 2004, p. 190). Put roughly, the idea is that a collection of propositions doesn’t constitute an argument unless some taken together constitute a reason for the remaining proposition and thereby support it enough to provide at least prima facie justification for it (Blair, in: Blair, Johnson, Hansen, Tindale (eds) Informal Logic at 25, Proceedings of the 25th anniversary conference, Ontario Society for the Study of Argumentation, 2003, p.173). My primary task in this paper is to advance an understanding of the illative unit of argument and the reasons associated with it that provides an intuition pump for a normative concept of argument. My aim is to advance a positive consideration in favor of a normative concept of argument that motivates its further development. I take the normative concept of argument I defend here to be in the same ballpark as the one Blair characterizes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"38 2","pages":"247 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140803867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Framing to Make an Argument: The Case of the Genocide Hashtag in the Russia-Ukraine war 构建论点：俄乌战争中的种族灭绝标签案例
IF 1 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-024-09632-1
Elena Musi
{"title":"Framing to Make an Argument: The Case of the Genocide Hashtag in the Russia-Ukraine war","authors":"Elena Musi","doi":"10.1007/s10503-024-09632-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-024-09632-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study tackles hashtags as framing devices which shape public arguments and controversies in computer-mediated communication environments. It focuses on the use of the <i>genocide</i> hashtag on Twitter in the context of the Ukraine-Russia war. It proposes and showcases a methodology to surface how the semantic and discourse properties of the term genocide affect its framing properties as a hashtag which bears argumentative functions, directly or indirectly calling for action.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"38 3","pages":"269 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10503-024-09632-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Structure of Arguments from Deontic Authority and How to Successfully Attack Them 道义权威论证的结构以及如何成功攻击这些论证
IF 1 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-023-09623-8
Michał Araszkiewicz, Marcin Koszowy
{"title":"The Structure of Arguments from Deontic Authority and How to Successfully Attack Them","authors":"Michał Araszkiewicz,&nbsp;Marcin Koszowy","doi":"10.1007/s10503-023-09623-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-023-09623-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite increasing interest in studying arguments from deontic authority of the general form “(1) <span>(delta)</span> is a deontic authority in institution <span>(varOmega)</span>; (2) according to <span>(delta)</span>, I should do <span>(alpha)</span>, <i>C</i>: therefore, (3) I should do <span>(alpha)</span>”, the state of the art models are not capable of grasping their complexity. The existing sets of critical questions assigned to this argumentation scheme seem to conflate two problems: whether a person is subject to an authority of an institution in the first place and whether the command issued within the context of a particular institution is eventually binding. For this reason, we introduce (1) a set of Basic Critical Questions to scrutinize the former issue, and (2) a set of more detailed questions related to specific features, also referred to as “parameters”, of institutional environments (Intra-Institutional Critical Questions). We identify major elements of institutional environments in which authoritative utterances are made and the crucial parameters of arguments from deontic authority. The selected evidence from the decisions of the Polish Supreme Administrative Court helps us show how these parameters may be used to reconstruct subtypes of this argument scheme, with their associated sets of critical questions. In specific institutional contexts, such detailed schemes are capable of grasping the complexity of appeals to deontic authority and thus should be used rather than general schemes. The reconstruction of argumentation schemes with critical questions shows how particular arguments may successfully be attacked.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"38 2","pages":"171 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10503-023-09623-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139761521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evidentiary Convincing and Evidentiary Fallacies 证据说服力和证据谬误
IF 1 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-024-09630-3
Eugen Octav Popa, Alexandru I. Cârlan
{"title":"Evidentiary Convincing and Evidentiary Fallacies","authors":"Eugen Octav Popa,&nbsp;Alexandru I. Cârlan","doi":"10.1007/s10503-024-09630-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-024-09630-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A convincing argument can change a discussant’s commitment regarding the acceptability of a claim, but the same effect can be achieved by examining evidence. Observing objects or events that count as evidence for or against the acceptability of a statement can change one’s commitment regarding that statement. If we speak of fallacies in the realm of convincing through argumentation, can we speak of fallacies in the realm of convincing through evidence? In this paper, we defend an affirmative answer. We introduce and discuss the conceptual implications of <i>evidentiary fallacies</i> as fallacies committed when evidence is fabricated or suppressed during an attempt to resolve disagreement using proof. We then apply the notion of evidentiary fallacy to two real-life examples of mis-executed evidentiary procedures. We conclude that the notion of evidentiary fallacy can contribute to a more comprehensive fallacy theory and can foster new and broadly applicable critical skills.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"38 3","pages":"349 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10503-024-09630-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139761427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bootstrapping and Persuasive Argumentation 引导和有说服力的论证
IF 1 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-023-09627-4
Guido Melchior
{"title":"Bootstrapping and Persuasive Argumentation","authors":"Guido Melchior","doi":"10.1007/s10503-023-09627-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-023-09627-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>That bootstrapping and Moorean reasoning fail to instantiate persuasive argumentation is an often informally presented but not systematically developed view. In this paper, I will argue that this unpersuasiveness is not determined by principles of justification transmission but by two straightforward principles of rationality, understood as a concept of internal coherence. First, it is rational for S to believe the conclusion of an argument because of the argument, only if S believes sufficiently many premises of the argument. Second, if S doubts that a source <i>O</i> is reliable and believes that information <i>i</i> is delivered by <i>O</i>, then S rationally suspends judgment about the truth of <i>i</i>. This paper aims to accomplish two tasks. First, it provides a thorough analysis of why bootstrapping argumentation is not an instance of rational persuasion. Second, it contains a more general theory about preconditions and limits of persuasive argumentation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"38 2","pages":"225 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10503-023-09627-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139517284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Some Benefits and Limitations of Modern Argument Map Representation 现代论证图表示法的一些优点和局限性
IF 1 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-023-09626-5
Charles Rathkopf
{"title":"Some Benefits and Limitations of Modern Argument Map Representation","authors":"Charles Rathkopf","doi":"10.1007/s10503-023-09626-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-023-09626-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Argument maps represent some arguments more effectively than others. The goal of this article is to account for that variability, so that those who wish to use argument maps can do so with more foresight. I begin by identifying four properties of argument maps that make them useful tools for evaluating arguments. Then, I discuss four types of argument that are difficult to map well: reductio ad absurdum arguments, charges of equivocation, logical analogies, and mathematical arguments. The difficulties presented by these four types appear unrelated to one another, but I show that, in each case, the difficulty can be traced back to the use of metalinguistic reasoning. The need to represent a transition between object language and metalanguage can undermine one or more of the benefits that argument map representation would otherwise confer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"38 2","pages":"199 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10503-023-09626-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139517329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Norms and Practices of Public Argumentation 公共论证的规范与实践
IF 1 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2023-12-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-023-09628-3
Jan Albert van Laar, Frank Zenker
{"title":"Norms and Practices of Public Argumentation","authors":"Jan Albert van Laar,&nbsp;Frank Zenker","doi":"10.1007/s10503-023-09628-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-023-09628-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"38 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Presuppositional Fallacies 预设谬误
IF 1 2区 文学
Argumentation Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10503-023-09625-6
Fabrizio Macagno
{"title":"Presuppositional Fallacies","authors":"Fabrizio Macagno","doi":"10.1007/s10503-023-09625-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10503-023-09625-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Presuppositions are at the same time a crucial and almost neglected dimension of arguments and fallacies. Arguments involve different types of presuppositions, which can be used for manipulative purposes in distinct ways. However, what are presuppositions? What is their dialectical function? Why and how can they be dangerous? This paper intends to address these questions by developing the pragmatic approaches to presupposition from a dialectical perspective. The use of presuppositions will be analyzed in terms of presumptive conclusions concerning the interlocutor’s acceptance of a proposition, which can be assessed as reasonable or unacceptable. Their dialectical function is described in terms of dark side commitments attributed to a collective \"voice\" representing what is commonly shared. For this reason, they count as attempts to include the presupposed contents into the hearer’s commitment store, which in some circumstances can reverse the burden of proof. The different manipulative strategies grounded on controversial presuppositions will be examined by showing the distinct roles that the latter play and the relationship between the degrees of presuppositional implicitness and the speaker’s burden of retraction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46219,"journal":{"name":"Argumentation","volume":"38 2","pages":"109 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10503-023-09625-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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