New Political Science最新文献

{"title":"ChatGPT and the Technical Ontologies of Critical Political Science","authors":"Davide Panagia","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2240604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2240604","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The following paper asks what forms of critical political science are possible given the advent of Machine Learning algorithms like ChatGPT? The technical conditions that provoke this question stem from the fact that such automated systems do not generate identities and representations (as do traditional media with which critical political science conventionally contends) but produce instead rendered outputs based on Bayesian probability calculations. Thus the challenge before us is to theorize criticism vis-a-vis the technical ontologies of the algorithm dispositif.","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"555 - 558"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45041875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Specter of Dictatorship: Judicial Enabling of Presidential Power","authors":"G. Dodds","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2237815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2237815","url":null,"abstract":"of this future utopia. The path that would take us from here (capitalism) to there (degrowth) is in fact not entirely clear. Considering the immense scale of this challenge, this should not be considered a major shortcoming. Additionally, the same could be said for the majority of Degrowth publications that share an orientation to future planning. How are the strategies described supposed to be integrated, scaled up (or down), and adjusted to different contexts? What role do political institutions play into the transition to Degrowth? The book does not provide fully satisfying answers to these key questions. For example, very little is said about the role of the state in bringing about change. It is also striking that the authors almost brush over their contention that “it is not at all clear under which conditions and based on what balance of social forces elites would give up their privileges, which are built on uneven development and global injustice and backed up by military might” (291). Overall though, while some readers might object to the lack of thorough political analysis, the book’s aim is not to be exhaustive but rather to convince that degrowth is a possible and desirable future, and to invite others to develop their own like-minded solutions. In this respect, the authors’ effort should be praised—even more so if scholars from different disciplines take on the challenge to fill the gaps in this book with more detailed proposals.","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"563 - 565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45133104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faith, Race, and Immigration: Assessing the Effect of Religiosity on Racial Beliefs and Attitudes","authors":"Brandon R. Davis","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2235210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2235210","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract How much, if at all, does religiosity influences racist and xenophobic beliefs? Evangelical support for bigoted and xenophobic policies is not a new phenomenon. Yet, despite the abundant scholarship on religiosity and race, we know little about the mechanisms through which scholars posit we are observing these negative outcomes. Namely, does religiosity affect support for bigoted and xenophobic attitudes? Alternatively, are demographics and belief systems more important predictors of bigoted and xenophobic attitudes? This paper is not an assessment of if religion affects politics or if politics affects religion. My contributions to the literature on race and politics include finding that religiosity has significant direct and indirect effects on attitudes toward racial minorities. I find that 10% of the negative effect on attitudes toward African Americans and 30% of the negative effect on attitudes toward Hispanics, immigrants, and the undocumented is an indirect effect of religiosity mediated through demographics and belief systems.","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"448 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47984524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Future Is Degrowth: A Guide to a World beyond Capitalism","authors":"Aila Trasi","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2237814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2237814","url":null,"abstract":"with cultural practices or identities that offer their own meaningful answers to major normative questions. In Russia’s case, similar contradictions are evident in the proposed “alternative” to the unipolar order; namely, the notion that Russia can supposedly protect the self-determination of the “periphery” from U.S. domination through its own military interventions and territorial acquisitions (71, 200). Given recent debates about the links between ideological views in Russia and the state’s international policies, Chebankova’s work is timely. As she indicates, some may take exception to the categorizations underlying her analysis, such as her decision to exclude fascism from her list of major ideological tendencies. Yet the analysis itself provides a rich foundation on which to raise further questions about how best to understand right-wing ideologies that have grown more prominent in Russia and the West. The book helps clarify the nuances of the country’s domestic politics, emphasizing the ideological commitments, divergences, and competitions that shape Russian politics from within, among those both aligned and opposed to Putin’s leadership. As a result, Chebankova complicates images of Russia as merely totalitarian or kleptocratic, revealing more intricate lines of ideological contest than one might expect from an outside perspective.","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"561 - 563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43259619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bit Tyrants: The Political Economy of Silicon Valley","authors":"Garrett Morrow","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2237819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2237819","url":null,"abstract":"As evidenced by the actions of the United States legislative and executive branches of the last few years, the future of the American economy is being guided by a revived interest in industrial policy and a heightened awareness of the importance of basic and translational research. The 117th Congress was characterized by three enormous industrial and research spending bills. Two were bipartisan: the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (aka the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law) enacted on 15 November 2021, and the Chips and Science Act enacted on 9 August 2022. A third was partisan: the Inflation Reduction Act, enacted on 16 August 2022. While the Trump administration did try to cut research spending in the executive branch budget proposals, the former president ultimately signed budgets passed by Congress that raised scientific research spending at a faster rate than during the Obama administration. The success of Operation Warpspeed in developing COVID-19 vaccines shows the power and potential of federally directed translational scientific research spending and technology implementation. It is unlikely that the divided 118th Congress will change the trajectory of industrial and science policy, and it is difficult to imagine even the most ardent deficit hawk opposing the success of the Chips and Science Act in the face of elevated levels of economic nationalism due to industrial competition with China. Industrial policy, however, comes with the political criticisms that it gives government the power to “pick winners and losers” and gives private sector corporations the ability to take advantage of publicly funded research to build private wealth and power, sometimes to a monopolistic degree. In his book Bit Tyrants: The Political Economy of Silicon Valley, Rob Larson chronicles the monopolistic journey of several big tech Silicon Valley firms (Microsoft, Amazon, Google, and Facebook) and the ongoing battle over net neutrality. While the Silicon Valley firms exert their power in different ways, all four of the firms and their egotistical leaders (the “bit tyrants”) outlined by Larson take advantage of publicly funded research to build their power into a monopoly through business maneuvering and a keen understanding of network effects. Network effects are likely not as powerful in building big tech as Larson believes (Knee 2021), but throughout the book, Larson reiterates that a critical factor that enabled the rise of all the big tech companies is their initial reliance on publicly funded basic research. For example, Larson reiterates both the well-known history of the internet originating out of DARPA and the not-so-known reliance of nearly every component of Apple products on publicly-funded research (e.g., lithium-ion batteries originating out of Department of Energyfunded electrochemistry research). The federal government, through its many alphabet agencies, is great at funding potentially high-risk and low-reward, resource-intensive basic res","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"569 - 570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47714175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trumpism: Race, Class, Populism, and Public Policy","authors":"S. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2237821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2237821","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"571 - 572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48556430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keywords for Capitalism: Power Society, Politics","authors":"John A. Grummel","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2237824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2237824","url":null,"abstract":"how political language is often “ shaped by social context and partisan function ” (11), and, as such, the meaning of many keywords and/or their use is not always clear","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"572 - 574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41863345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problematizing Exclusionary Politics (or Fascism) in the Middle East and North Africa","authors":"Saladdin Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2219170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2219170","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the absence of anti-fascist public education and debates, the marginalized majority, minority groups, and their political allies will continue to be brutalized in the region. Problematizing exclusionary politics is essential for recognizing the ongoing democratic struggles of the peoples of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This article aims to stimulate more academic and public debates about fascism in MENA. Critically investigating the history of several waves of nationalism and their affinity with the first historical rise of fascism could enable us to better appreciate the challenges resistance movements in the MENA region have been facing. To that end, the persisting threat of fascism in Turkey, the Arab world, and Iran are examined critically. While the article applies the ideology form theory, a new critical theory of fascism, the soundness of the central argument regarding the significance of and the need for critiquing exclusionary, racist, and genocidal ideologies, movements, regimes, and politics does not rely on the theoretical application of the concept of fascism.","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"500 - 525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43578900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rise of Common-Sense Conservatism: The American Right and the Reinvention of the Scottish Enlightenment","authors":"Haimo Li","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2205315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2205315","url":null,"abstract":"ocracy, a more fine-grained and textured treatment of the contested and variegated information environment on which public opinion is formed and disseminated was warranted. Lafont’s latest book is a thought-provoking read for all interested in deepening democracy; it requires one to think through the ways that “quick fixes,” like micro-deliberation, miss opportunities to bring forth lasting change and fall short on democratic considerations. In my mind, questions still remain about how to achieve the long-game of large-scale deliberation and reason-giving for urgent political issues like climate change, inequality, and migration—those that are causing acute harm to vulnerable populations as we wait for serious policy change.","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"418 - 420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44304431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Last Years of Karl Marx: An Intellectual Biography","authors":"Paul Blackledge","doi":"10.1080/07393148.2023.2205292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2023.2205292","url":null,"abstract":"long-term history of imperialism seems to have escaped copy-editing. A few chapters, like the consideration of Columbia and the OECD, appear to misconstrue some of the literature the authors mean to consider. But the overall volume remains particularly strong, and even the chapters that may appear weaker have interesting things to say. The introduction offered by the editors alludes to some discord regarding what was to be included and identifies a number of topics that would simply be skipped. The volume is already over 650 pages so it would be unfair to identify more that should be considered, though I will offer a single suggestion. A concluding chapter might have identified areas of wide agreement, important open questions, some perspective on patterns of regional dynamics, along with possible directions for future conceptual or empirical research. Such an effort might still be undertaken, even if it must be published elsewhere. Reflections from the scholars who created this collection would be most welcome.","PeriodicalId":46114,"journal":{"name":"New Political Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"412 - 414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45315328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}