PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY最新文献

{"title":"Fetal supraventricular tachycardia with giant cardiac rhabdomyoma: Role of post natal sirolimus in a developing country","authors":"Anis Munirah Mohd Kori ,&nbsp;Nursyahirah Anum Mohd Radzi ,&nbsp;Ammar Mohamad Ziyadi ,&nbsp;Intan Juliana Abd Hamid ,&nbsp;Nor Rosidah Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Noraida Ramli ,&nbsp;Mohd Rizal Mohd Zain","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Primary cardiac tumors in fetuses are rare and mainly represent rhabdomyoma. The tumors can be clinically silent or cause hemodynamically significant obstructions. We present a case of giant neonatal cardiac rhabdomyoma with right inflow obstruction complicated by fetal supraventricular tachycardia. Fetal echocardiography revealed the presence of supraventricular tachycardia with multiple cardiac masses, one of which caused an obstruction of the right inflow of the heart. As the baby developed hemodynamic instability due to the mass effect, oral sirolimus was initiated postnatally. Despite the limitation of evidence on the usage of sirolimus in neonatal population, this case report revealed the benefits of postnatal sirolimus in a decrease in the size of the mass without any adverse medication effects. Sirolimus has demonstrated efficacy in neonatal cardiac rhabdomyoma, however, a large prospective study is needed to demonstrate the efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101762"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It is a fine line with flecainide: A case of flecainide toxicity in a pediatric patient","authors":"Aura Daniella Santi-Turchi ,&nbsp;Keerthana Banala ,&nbsp;Michelle Jadotte ,&nbsp;Sherrie Joy Baysa ,&nbsp;Steven Fishberger","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flecainide is a class IC antiarrhythmic used in the treatment of supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in the pediatric population. It has a narrow therapeutic index that requires careful dosing and monitoring of levels, as well as education on preparation and administration. Many different factors alter the bioavailability of this medication, and special consideration must be taken among pediatric patients. Clinical signs of toxicity include lethargy, bradycardia, altered mental status, and ventricular arrhythmias. Management of flecainide toxicity involves administering sodium bicarbonate as well as lipid emulsion therapy. We present the case of a child found to have flecainide toxicity and discuss management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101761"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration of a pacemaker into the sigmoid colon in a three-year-old child: A case report","authors":"I.A. Soynov,&nbsp;A.N. Arkhipov,&nbsp;S.N. Manukian,&nbsp;D.A. Elesin,&nbsp;T.S. Khapaev,&nbsp;A.B. Romanov","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Implantation of an epicardial pacemaker in young children is carried out in a pocket above the rectus muscle. In extremely rare cases, pediatric patients may experience migration of the pacemaker into the abdominal cavity. Symptoms can range from mild abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, vomiting to potentially dangerous intestinal obstruction due to perforation of the large intestine. We present a case of a 3-year-old child with migration of the pacemaker into the sigmoid colon with the formation of a colonic fistula. Early diagnosis helps to avoid serious complications in the case of pacemaker migration. Any change in the position of the pacemaker will indicate the need for pacemaker reimplantation to prevent life-threatening symptoms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101760"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142658474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical insights: Resolving the specter of cardiac sequelae in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) – A 24-month follow-up case series","authors":"Carolina A.B. Capuruco ,&nbsp;Maicon Rodrigues Albuquerque ,&nbsp;Daniela Valadão Rosa ,&nbsp;Fernanda da Silva Barbosa ,&nbsp;Caio Augusto Domingos ,&nbsp;Cleonice Carvalho de Coelho Mota ,&nbsp;Débora Marques de Miranda","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>During the COVID-19 pandemic, multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) emerged as a novel and severe complication.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The present prospective study followed patients in Brazil from February 2020 to December 2022, and evaluated children discharged from reference centers with an MIS-C diagnosis. The aim of the study is to describe long-term cardiac findings.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following a clinical and imaging procedure, children with MIS-C were followed up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-six children during hospitalization coursed with fever; 61.1 % presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, 77.7 % with cardiocirculatory manifestations, and 28 % with respiratory issues. Shock was observed in 37 % of patients, and the average hospital stay was 9 ± 5 days, with 54 % exhibiting severe symptoms requiring intensive care. Elevated inflammatory and cardiac markers were common; 42 % of patients presented elevated troponin and D-dimer levels. During intensive care, echocardiographic abnormalities were found in 56 % of the patients, including coronary dilation and pericardial effusion. All patients were hospitalized and treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, oral steroids, and acetylsalicylic acid, resulting in 86 % recovery. However, 14 % of the patients had persistent (mild cardiac) alterations at discharge. Sex and previous chronic conditions did not affect the persistence of cardiac findings, whereas marginal age differences indicated that older children tend to have more severe symptoms. BMI was identified as a risk factor but must be considered carefully. Six months post-discharge, all patients successfully recovered from cardiac alterations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Only a few case series have reported persistent MIS-C findings, and this case series elicits a positive post-discharge prognosis for MIS-C over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101759"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are you asleep? Comparing sleep metrics in pediatric cardiac patients with objective and subjective indicators","authors":"Nichelle L. Duncan ,&nbsp;Rebecca Harrell ,&nbsp;Scarlett Anthony ,&nbsp;Cierra Buckman ,&nbsp;Lauren Sarno ,&nbsp;Samuel F. Sears","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Examination of sleep in pediatric cardiology patients has typically relied on self-reports with unknown reliability to objective assessments. Wearable technologies provide an objective data source for evaluating sleep. Improved understanding and treatment of sleep in pediatric heart patients may be an untapped aspect that could improve health-related quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of duration and quality of sleep in pediatric cardiology patients using both subjective and objective assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients were recruited in a pediatric cardiology clinic and completed a set of sleep and quality of life questionnaires, including the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Pediatric Cardiac Quality of Life Inventory (PCQLI), and the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ). Patients also agreed to wear an actigraphy watch for 7 days, and caregivers were also recruited as proxy raters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The sample included 31 patients with a mean age of 15.58 (SD = 1.89). Patients self-reported an average sleep duration of 7.61 h (SD = 1.67, range = 3–11). In contrast, objective sleep data indicated that patients obtained an average of 5.98 h of sleep nightly (SD = 1.01, range = 3.23–7.46) with a sleep efficiency score of 73.2 (SD = 6.23) and a sleep latency period of 21.04 min (SD = 19.16, range = 1–63). Parent-reported sleep duration on the PSQI had a mean of 8.10 h (SD = 1.34, range = 6–11). Thirty four percent of patients met PSQI cut off score for poor sleep based on self-report and 30 % based on parental-report.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Pediatric cardiac patients report better sleep duration than objective assessments. These data suggest that sleep complaints from pediatric cardiac patients may benefit from objective assessment and may need enhanced clinical attention since complaints may overestimate the duration of sleep.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 101758"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guideline-directed medical therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy in the era of pediatric ventricular assist devices: Improving transplant-free survival","authors":"Benjamin A. Olsen ,&nbsp;Melanie D. Everitt","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cardiomyopathy remains the leading cause of transplantation in children greater than one year of age, with low five-year transplant free survival. Despite these poor outcomes, the potential for myocardial recovery in pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has long been reported. In the current era of guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT), however, achievement of myocardial recovery has not been rigorously studied. Ventricular assist devices (VADs) can also be employed as a bridge to recovery, but VAD explants for recovery are rare.</div></div><div><h3>Aims of review</h3><div>A focus of the Sixth International Conference on Childhood Cardiomyopathy was achievement of myocardial recovery in the era of GDMT and VADs. Key questions included: (1) what is the potential for myocardial recovery; (2) what role does GDMT play in achieving myocardial recovery; (3) can durable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) be a reasonable means to achieving recovery; (4) how do rates of recovery compare between GDMT and LVADs; and (5) what are the next steps in improving rates of myocardial recovery? This review aims to answer these questions by providing a summary of the existing literature.</div></div><div><h3>Key scientific concepts of review</h3><div>The future directions for pediatric DCM are to use GDMT and VADs as complementary therapies to improve not only survival to transplant, but to assess for recovery parameters so that more can be learned about the potential for transplant-free survival in patients supported by VAD and GDMT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101755"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreased ventricular repolarization variability in one-year-olds of gestational diabetes mothers","authors":"Martin Schmidt ,&nbsp;Alexander Hammer ,&nbsp;Hagen Malberg ,&nbsp;Silvia M. Lobmaier ,&nbsp;Peter Ewert ,&nbsp;Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz ,&nbsp;Annette Wacker-Gussmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is currently the most common medical complication in pregnancy, affecting approximately 13 % of all pregnant women. Although long-term effects on the offspring are still unclear, previous studies indicate ventricular myocardial changes.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The aim of our study was to investigate whether early biomarkers such as QT interval variability (QTV) are sensitive enough to predict these structural changes in children of GDM mothers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We focused on children of GDM mothers. Healthy children of mothers without GDM served as controls. All of them were examined at the German Heart Center, Munich, Germany. Heart rate variability (HRV) and QTV measures were extracted from 10 to 15 min Einthoven II electrocardiograms, split into 5 min windows, to characterize the effects of possible autonomic nervous system alterations and cellular ventricular mutations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>75 children were included in this prospective observational case-control study; 42 of them were children of GDM mothers. The median age at the examination was 12 months (11–13 months). We found decreased QTV as a measure of ventricular repolarization variability in one-year-olds of GDM mothers compared to healthy controls (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We have found increased very low frequency HRV in females and decreased QTV in male children of GDM mothers, which suggests diverse responses and could reflect increased sympathetic tone and altered ventricular myocardium at a cellular level, respectively. Further work is required to understand the long-term significance of these findings in terms of providing an easy-to-use and cost-effective technology for early diagnosis of myocardial damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101756"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health related quality of life in children following Fontan surgery: A Malaysian perspective","authors":"Ming Chern Leong ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ajmal Haj Mohamed ,&nbsp;Nurul Fazira Basran ,&nbsp;Nor Athirah Azeman ,&nbsp;Putri Yubbu","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Children with Fontan circulation suffer from morbidities and physical limitations that affect their quality of life. The study examined the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children in Malaysia following the Fontan procedure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All patients who are 8 years and older and who had undergone Fontan palliation for at least 1 year were assessed using electronically distributed, aged-based Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL) Generic and Cardiac modules. The scores from the patients were compared with those of aged-match students in the Klang Valley and patient's parents.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 133 patients [time after Fontan: 6.24 years (IQR: 2.54, 8.54); SpO₂: 92 % (IQR: 88, 95)] and parents and 130 normal subjects participated in the study. Fontan patients have reduced HRQOL scores compared to their healthy peers in almost all domains. Patients with NYHA class I demonstrated higher PedsQL scores in almost all domains. Patients with SpO2 &lt; 95 % and taking more medication had lower PedsQL scores in total and physical score. Similarly, those with many complications show significantly low PedsQL scores in all domains. There was poor agreement between patients' and parents' perceived HRQoL in most of the domains in the generic module, but the difference was not as explicit in the cardiac module.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Fontan patients had a lower perceived quality of life compared to healthy controls. Physical ability and Fontan complications influenced the perceived quality of life, especially in younger children. Parents generally underestimate the impact of Fontan towards their children's quality of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate and short-term outcomes of percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy for severe mitral stenosis at a Resource Limited Setting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Mersha Mamo ,&nbsp;Esubalew Woldeyes ,&nbsp;Samson Zegeye ,&nbsp;Seife Feleke ,&nbsp;Ermiyas Endewunet Melaku","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Rheumatic heart disease is a common cause of mitral stenosis (MS) in developing nations. Percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy (PMBC) is the treatment of choice for patients with MS with favorable anatomy.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to assess immediate and short-term outcomes of percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy for symptomatic patients with rheumatic severe mitral stenosis.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The clinical records of patients who underwent Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Commissurotomy (PBMC) at Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Cardiac Center were reviewed. A retrospective observational study was conducted from February 01, 2018, to August 30, 2021. All eligible patients who underwent Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Commissurotomy during the study period at the cardiac center were included in this study. Ninety-one patients were enrolled in the study after excluding repeat procedures, those with incomplete data, and lost medical records. Data were collected through chart reviews using a structured questionnaire by trained physicians, with daily supervision by the investigators. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Associations were checked using a paired <em>t</em>-test and Fisher's Exact Test, with statistical significance set at a <em>p</em>-value of &lt;0.05.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>Percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy was successful in 91.2 % of patients. Following the procedure, there was a significant increase in the mean mitral valve area from 0.799 cm² to 1.674 cm² and a reduction in the trans-mitral mean pressure gradient from 20 mmHg to 7.71 mmHg (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Atrial fibrillation and a high Wilkins score were identified as correlates of non-successful PMBC. A Wilkin's score of ≤8 and a post-procedure mitral valve area &gt; 1.5 cm² were associated with New York Heart Association functional class improvement three months after the procedure.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In this study, percutaneous mitral balloon Commissurotomy (PMBC) demonstrated an excellent success rate. The majority of patients exhibited significant improvement in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101754"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double-chambered left ventricle in a patient with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome: A case report","authors":"Marco Busco ,&nbsp;Francesca Augusta Gabrielli ,&nbsp;Gianluigi Bencardino ,&nbsp;Pasquale Notarstefano ,&nbsp;Gemma Pelargonio","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2024.101753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Congenital heart diseases like non-compaction cardiomyopathy, congenital left ventricular diverticulum, and aneurysm are potential triggers of arrhythmias. Any condition affecting the correct embryological development of the atrioventricular annuli might potentially be the basis for accessory pathways and WPW Syndrome; we are describing a first reported association with a rare congenital heart disease, a double-chambered left ventricle. Although typically diagnosed in pediatric age, it can remain asymptomatic and incidentally found in adulthood. The embryological alteration in the myocardial compaction might explain both the formation of an accessory chamber and the persistence of an anomalous electrical connection between atria and ventricles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 101753"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}