PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY最新文献

{"title":"A newborn case absent pulmonary valve with intact ventricular septum and UHL anomaly","authors":"Pelin Altınbezer ,&nbsp;Ömer Nuri Aksoy ,&nbsp;Utku Arman Örün","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Absent pulmonary valve is a very rare anomaly and is often seen together with tetralogy of Fallot. Absent pulmonary valve with intact ventricular septum without tetralogy of Fallot is a very rare condition, and right ventricular myocardial pathologies may accompany these patients. We present a newborn case with Uhl anomaly, intact ventricular septum, and absent pulmonary valve leaflets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 101873"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case reports of fetuses diagnosed with congenital heart disease and followed up until 6 months after birth: attention to still high mortality problem","authors":"Haroldo Teófilo de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Stella Naomi Tanaka ,&nbsp;Maria Paz Lozano Chiquillo ,&nbsp;Lana Kummer ,&nbsp;Ana Candida Arruda Verzola de Castro ,&nbsp;Stella Maris Firmino ,&nbsp;Meliza Goi Roscani","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Congenital heart diseases (CHD) represent a complex group of malformations related to high morbidity and mortality in childhood, especially in the first year of life. Advances in fetal echocardiography have contributed to the increase in the early diagnosis of CHD; however, the benefits of prenatal diagnosis in the reduction of surgery mortality and postoperative length of stay are still controversial. This is a prospective study, with the description of 9 cases of complex CHD diagnosed in fetuses, with follow-up extended up to 6 months after birth. Six of these infants died, corresponding to 66.7 % of mortality. The most prevalent cause of death (50 %) was left heart hypoplastic syndrome (LHHS). Only three infants survived beyond 6 months, two of whom had trisomy 21 with complete atrioventricular septum defect, and one had Tetralogy of Fallot. The aim of this report is to reinforce that despite all the advances in diagnosis and treatment, the morbidity and mortality from CHD remain high, and new strategies must be drawn up, standardizing the protocols, improving perioperative care pathways and quality of life, and reducing mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 101885"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of play-based learning in enhancing knowledge of modifiable risk factors of hypertension among adolescent college students","authors":"Poonam Mandowara ,&nbsp;Anita Prakasam ,&nbsp;Prasang Shah ,&nbsp;Koli Deepkumar vipinbhai ,&nbsp;Machhi Darshana ,&nbsp;Haresh Purabiya","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hypertension is an increasing public health concern among adolescents, largely influenced by modifiable lifestyle factors such as unhealthy diet, inactivity, stress, and substance use. Early-onset hypertension raises long-term cardiovascular and renal risks, emphasizing the need for preventive education during adolescence.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study assessed the effectiveness of play-based learning in improving adolescent college students' knowledge of modifiable hypertension risk factors in a college in Vadodara.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A quantitative, pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was employed. A validated 30-item multiple-choice questionnaire (MCQ) (Cronbach's α = 0.785) was administered to 100 purposively selected adolescents. The intervention comprised a self-instructional booklet and play-based activities (role play, games, quizzes, posters). Knowledge levels were measured before and after the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean post-test knowledge score (23.05 ± 2.26) was significantly higher than the pre-test score (11.83 ± 2.01), showing a gain of 11.22 (<em>t</em> = 35.21, df = 99, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Compared with previous play-based interventions reporting gains of 3.3–3.8, this study achieved substantially greater improvement.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Play-based learning effectively enhances adolescents' knowledge and offers promise for early prevention and health promotion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 101888"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yasui procedure results: A multicenter retrospective study","authors":"Ilya A. Soynov ,&nbsp;Artem V. Gorbatykh ,&nbsp;Ekaterina N. Amansakhatova ,&nbsp;Aleksey N. Arkhipov ,&nbsp;Anton A. Avramenko ,&nbsp;Dmitriy V. Gorbunov ,&nbsp;Evgeniy V. Grekhov ,&nbsp;Konstantin B. Kazantsev ,&nbsp;Vladislav G. Kolbik ,&nbsp;Yuriy Y. Kulyabin ,&nbsp;Yury I. Linnik ,&nbsp;Serezha N. Manukian ,&nbsp;Ruben R. Movsesyan ,&nbsp;Nataliya R. Nichay ,&nbsp;Denis Y. Petrushenko ,&nbsp;Mikhail V. Plotnikov ,&nbsp;Pavel V. Teplov ,&nbsp;Igor A. Kornilov ,&nbsp;Konstantin Drozdovski","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Aortic atresia or stenosis with ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a rare congenital heart defect. In 1987, Yasui introduced a biventricular repair for severe subaortic obstruction and subaortic VSD. Contemporary series report early mortality &lt;15 %. Comparative inferences by surgical strategy remain limited by small samples, with the largest published series including 25 patients.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the outcomes and complications following primary versus staged Yasui procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retrospective multicenter study included 26 patients who underwent the Yasui procedure at 10 cardiac surgery centers in Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan (2008–2023).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were no deaths in the primary Yasui group; 12-month survival in the staged Yasui group was 76.9 % (95 % CI: 54 %–88 %, <em>p</em> = 0.08). Freedom from reoperation at 92 months was 58.9 % (95 % CI: 23.5 %–82.4 %) in the primary Yasui group and 34.0 % (95 % CI: 9.1 %–61.6 %) in the staged group. Freedom from left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOT) at 60 months was 76 % (95 % CI: 30.7 %–93.9 %) in the primary Yasui group and 57 % (95 % CI: 21.7 %–81.5 %) in the staged Yasui group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this multicenter descriptive series, biventricular repair using the Yasui procedure was feasible and associated with low early mortality in selected patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and associated VSD. Within the limits of this small retrospective cohort, surgical strategy (primary vs staged Yasui) did not appear to affect mortality, reoperation, or the incidence of LVOT obstruction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 101884"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of a ventricular thrombus with rivaroxaban in a patient with hypoplastic left heart syndrome","authors":"Steven R. Scaglione ,&nbsp;Connor T.A. Smith ,&nbsp;Mark W. Russell ,&nbsp;Kurt R. Schumacher ,&nbsp;Ashley Huebschman ,&nbsp;Bronwyn Crandall ,&nbsp;Carlen G. Fifer","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a severe form of congenital heart disease characterized by poor development of left-sided cardiac structures. The current standard of care aims to create a stable circulation that relies on a single ventricle (SV) by utilizing a series of staged palliative surgical operations, typically leading to a Fontan procedure. These patients are at higher risk of both systemic and intraventricular thromboembolism secondary to abnormal circulation and its sequelae, such as protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). The direct oral anticoagulant (DOACs) drug class acts by direct inhibition of factor Xa, and these medications are gaining popularity for the prevention and treatment of thromboses in the SV population due to their convenient oral route and lack of need for frequent therapeutic level monitoring. While the use of DOACs has been well explored in adult patients, there remains a paucity of literature reporting on DOAC use in the treatment of intraventricular thrombus in the pediatric SV population. We present the first reported case of rivaroxaban use to treat an intracardiac thrombus and describe the clinical course and outcome in a pediatric patient with Fontan circulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 101875"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ischemic/reperfusion pulmonary edema after late repair of tetralogy of Fallot: Case series","authors":"Nasser Agha Bana ,&nbsp;Basel Harahsheh ,&nbsp;Al Hobani Marwan ,&nbsp;Khalid Al Hawri ,&nbsp;Al Mesned Abdu Rahman ,&nbsp;Mohmad Salim Kabbani","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ischemic/reperfusion pulmonary edema after pediatric cardiac surgery is a rare but severe complication. Identifying high-risk vulnerable groups will help in early detection and allow timely and appropriate management. In this report, we describe four cases of total repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) who had severe ischemic/reperfusion injury post-surgery. We discuss the pathophysiology of such complications, identify possible risk factors and available preventive strategies, and set a management plan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 101886"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (ARCAPA): Clinical spectrum in the pediatric population based on a case report and scoping review","authors":"Leonardo Blanco ,&nbsp;Andrés Felipe Rubio ,&nbsp;Angélica Sarmiento ,&nbsp;Claudia C. Colmenares-Mejía ,&nbsp;María Sofia Vega-Corredor ,&nbsp;Sara Mendoza-Crespo ,&nbsp;Diana Fajardo","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The anomaly of the right coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery (ARCAPA) is an exceptionally rare congenital cardiovascular malformation, with an incidence of 0.002 % among congenital heart diseases. We present the case of a 4-month-old male infant with diaphoresis during crying, diagnosed by echocardiography and confirmed by coronary angiography. The patient underwent successful surgical reimplantation of the right coronary artery to the ascending aorta. Additionally, we conducted a scoping review of 86 pediatric cases reported in the literature, identifying clinical presentation patterns according to age groups. This report highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and early surgical management in this coronary anomaly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"79 ","pages":"Article 101877"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School performance in children with acquired heart disease","authors":"Wendy Wang ,&nbsp;Savannah Her ,&nbsp;Em Long-Mills ,&nbsp;Dmitry Tumin","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Children with congenital heart diseases (CHD) experience many challenges to school performance; however, no study has examined school performance in children with acquired heart diseases (AHD).</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate school performance among children with AHD and compare their outcomes to peers with CHD and peers without heart disease.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used the 2020–2022 National Survey of Children's Health database to identify children aged 6–17 years who were enrolled in school. Caregiver-reported heart conditions present at the time of the survey were classified as congenital or acquired. Outcomes included school absenteeism, school engagement, school-reported problems, and special education placement.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Based on a sample of 87,730 children meeting inclusion criteria, we estimated 2.1 % had CHD, 0.3 % had AHD, and 97.6 % did not have a heart condition. Children with AHD exhibited comparable rates of school absenteeism, school engagement, and school-reported problems as children with CHD. Compared to children with no heart disease, AHD was associated with higher odds of school absenteeism (OR: 4.55; 95 % CI: 2.49, 8.30; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and school-reported problems (OR: 1.98; 95 % CI: 1.17, 2.22; <em>p</em> = 0.011).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Children with AHD face similar educational challenges as those with CHD when compared to peers without current heart conditions. Tailored academic interventions may be needed to better support children with AHD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101840"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-hospital mortality and associated factors among pediatric patients with heart failure at selected public hospitals of eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Ahmedyasin Abdi ,&nbsp;Tadesse Bekele ,&nbsp;Mesay Dechasa ,&nbsp;Kirubel Minsamo Minshore","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The treatment of pediatric heart failure continues to have a poor outcome, such as significant mortality, morbidity, and hospitalization. Irrespective of the poor outcomes of children admitted with heart failure (HF) all over the globe, there is limited data on the status of children with HF in low-income settings, including Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the magnitude of and factors associated with in-hospital mortality among admitted children at selected public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study design was conducted. A simple random sampling method was used to select medical records of 671 pediatric patients with HF admitted between June 01, 2017, and May 31, 2022, and data was collected from the medical records. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze information about patient's characteristics. A survival analysis by Cox regression was used to analyze the collected data. Hazard ratios with 95 % confidence interval and <em>p</em>-values were used to examine factors associated with in-hospital mortality of children with heart failure. A p-value of &lt;0.05 was used to declare a significant association.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study analyzed 671 pediatric patients hospitalized with HF. Regarding the in-hospital outcomes, 386 (57.5 %) patients were discharged with improvement, 132 (19.7 %) patients were self-discharged or left against medical advice, 49 (7.3 %) patients were referred, and 104 (15.5 %) patients died while they were at the hospital. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, participants with female gender (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.665, 95 % confidence interval: 1.111–2.494, <em>p</em> = 0.013), under-nutrition (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.517, 95 % confidence interval: 1.018–2.259, <em>p</em> = 0.04), age between one year to &lt;5 years (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.834, 95 % confidence interval: 1.177–2.858, <em>p</em> = 0.007), and congenital heart disease (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.357, 95 % confidence interval: 0.151–0.654, <em>p</em> = 0.002) were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality of children with HF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 15.5 %. Malnutrition, age group of one year to &lt;5 years, and female gender were associated with pediatric mortality. These findings highlight the need for screening for malnutrition at each follow-up for under-five children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101847"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Channelopathies in children in Northern Ireland 2005–2023: A national cohort study identified primarily via cascade screening","authors":"Scott Kendall ,&nbsp;William Wright ,&nbsp;Gillian Rea ,&nbsp;Jane Murray ,&nbsp;Alison Muir ,&nbsp;Terence Prendiville ,&nbsp;Pascal McKeown ,&nbsp;Frank Casey","doi":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppedcard.2025.101843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The inherited cardiac channelopathies are a diverse range of conditions caused by genetic variants that predispose carriers to arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Examples include Congenital Long QTc (LQTS), Brugada syndrome (BrS), and Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT).</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In the Northern Ireland pediatric population, served by one inherited cardiac conditions clinic (ICCC), we describe the national prevalence and incidence of the channelopathies, clinical outcomes, adverse events, medication usage, medication adherence, and genetic data obtained.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retrospective chart review using the local pediatric cardiology database.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>216 children (Aged 0–18) were diagnosed with a channelopathy between 2005 and 2023 at the ICCC; 190 were diagnosed with LQTS (116 KCNQ1, 36 KCNH2, 11 SCN5A, 19 KCNE1, 3 patients with variants in two genes, 1 compound heterozygote for KCNE1 and 4 genotype negative), 22 with BrS and 4 with CPVT. Most cases were diagnosed via screening (95 %). There were five documented SCDs during this time, all patients unknown to the ICCC, who were diagnosed with channelopathies on molecular autopsy (2 CPVT, 2 BrS, 1 LQTS). One KCNH2 patient underwent implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) insertion. In the LQTS cohort, the majority had a variant identified (97 %). Twenty-two variants were identified in KCNQ1 patients, fourteen in KCNH2, two in SCN5A, and seven in KCNE1. As would be expected, phenotype heterogeneity was noted between and within variants. Adherence with medication varied between 70 and 90 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In general, children with channelopathies in Northern Ireland (NI) are diagnosed via family screening, commenced on appropriate pharmacotherapy, and adverse events are rare. The genetic profile is broadly similar to that reported worldwide. Unfortunately, there remains a cohort of patients who are only identified at molecular autopsy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46028,"journal":{"name":"PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101843"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}