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Reconfiguring transport infrastructure in post-war Asia: mapping South Korean container ports, 1952–1978 战后亚洲运输基础设施的重新配置:1952-1978年韩国集装箱港口地图
IF 1.2 1区 历史学
History and Technology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2020.1862990
John P. DiMoia
{"title":"Reconfiguring transport infrastructure in post-war Asia: mapping South Korean container ports, 1952–1978","authors":"John P. DiMoia","doi":"10.1080/07341512.2020.1862990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2020.1862990","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In standard accounts of the origins of the ISO (International Organization for Standardization), or intermodal, shipping container, including Marc Levinson’s The Box and Alexander Klose’s The Container Principle, the story remains centered in Europe and North America, reflecting the issue emerging on the continent in the prewar era, and the post-war growth of the American trucking industry, associated with the expansion of federal highways. In contrast, this essay moves the focus to East and Southeast Asia, reflecting the significance of the Korean War and the Vietnam War as factors driving the shift from break-bulk shipping to containers, here motivated by military logistics. The post-war 1945 reconfiguration of Japan’s wartime empire, involving the reconstitution of relationships deriving from imperial connections, meant that new sites such as Busan, South Korea (1952) and Cam Ranh Bay, South Vietnam (1965 to early 1970s) became the focal points for vast infusions of war-related materials.","PeriodicalId":45996,"journal":{"name":"History and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73815763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Mutant rice and agricultural modernization in Asia 突变水稻与亚洲农业现代化
IF 1.2 1区 历史学
History and Technology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2020.1862991
Hiromi Mizuno
{"title":"Mutant rice and agricultural modernization in Asia","authors":"Hiromi Mizuno","doi":"10.1080/07341512.2020.1862991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2020.1862991","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT By using the genealogy of hybrid rice, Mahsuri, developed in Malaysia by Japanese agronomists in the 1960s, this article tells a story of agricultural modernization in Asia that challenges the US-centered narrative of the Green Revolution. Cross-racial hybrid Mahsuri’s parent is Taichung 65 from colonial Taiwan, and its off-spring is irradiated Mahsuri Mutant. By highlighting the deep connection between colonial development and post-World War II technical assistance, the role of intra-Asia networks in crop improvement programs in Asia, and the agency of postcolonial Asian nations, this article critiques the ironies embedded in the mutant rice and in the concept of development.","PeriodicalId":45996,"journal":{"name":"History and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81972391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Creating the need in Mexico: the IAEA’s technical assistance programs for less developed countries (1958-68) 在墨西哥创造需求:国际原子能机构对欠发达国家的技术援助计划(1958- 1968)
IF 1.2 1区 历史学
History and Technology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2020.1864116
G. Mateos, E. Suárez-Díaz
{"title":"Creating the need in Mexico: the IAEA’s technical assistance programs for less developed countries (1958-68)","authors":"G. Mateos, E. Suárez-Díaz","doi":"10.1080/07341512.2020.1864116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2020.1864116","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Nuclear technologies and skills were not easily sold as tools for development for the less developed countries. Beginning in 1958, the International Atomic Energy Agency, as part of the United Nations Expanded Program of Technical Assistance, looked to create the need for nuclear technical assistance around the world, with the expectation that countries would climb a supposed developmental ladder that went from radioisotope applications in medicine, agriculture and industry among others, and up to the construction of nuclear power reactors. The case of Mexico reveals the heterogenous levels of professionalization of the different nuclear disciplines existing in the country, and the lack of meaningful connections between technical assistance requests and the developmental model favored by the Mexican government during the 1960s. We oppose the historicity of nuclear physics, radiochemistry, and nuclear engineering in this country, to the telos of development.","PeriodicalId":45996,"journal":{"name":"History and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77244263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Whose India? SITE and the origins of satellite television in India 印度的?SITE和印度卫星电视的起源
IF 1.2 1区 历史学
History and Technology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2020.1864118
A. Siddiqi
{"title":"Whose India? SITE and the origins of satellite television in India","authors":"A. Siddiqi","doi":"10.1080/07341512.2020.1864118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2020.1864118","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This essay explores the origins of the Satellite Instructional Technology Experiment (SITE), a project that used a NASA satellite to beam educational programs to over two thousand villages in India in the mid-1970s. Touted as a major success in using advanced technology for the purposes of poverty alleviation, the results of the project remain contested. I argue that the causes of its ambiguous outcome can be traced to the late 1960s when Indian and American scientific elites mobilized support for this project by uniting a coalition of diverse actors that each imagined a different ‘India’. Although each of these ‘Indias’ represented a starkly different vision of the nation, they were consonant for a brief historical moment, thus enabling SITE to come to reality. Their ability to do so depended on framing as monolithic and passive, the one population central to the project, the ‘poor and illiterate’ of India.","PeriodicalId":45996,"journal":{"name":"History and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86563108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Agricultural expertise, race, and economic development: small producer ideology and settler colonialism in the Territory of Hawaiʻi, 1900–1917 农业专业知识、种族和经济发展:1900-1917年夏威夷地区的小生产者意识形态和移民殖民主义
IF 1.2 1区 历史学
History and Technology Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2020.1859775
Jessica Wang
{"title":"Agricultural expertise, race, and economic development: small producer ideology and settler colonialism in the Territory of Hawaiʻi, 1900–1917","authors":"Jessica Wang","doi":"10.1080/07341512.2020.1859775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2020.1859775","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This essay explores the technical practices of economic development in early twentieth-century Hawaiʻi, where agrarianism, race, and competing colonialisms shaped agricultural experts’ perceptions of the islands’ future. Technical activities in the form of horticultural experiments aimed at introducing new crops, research on soil and fertilizers, work on plant diseases and insect pests, shipping experiments and marketing efforts, analytical testing services, and outreach to farming communities constituted the key means by which the United States Department of Agriculture’s Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station pushed for fundamental economic and social transformations in the Territory of Hawaii. A populist anti-imperialist ideology drove the experiment station’s agenda, in an explicitly stated project of Americanization that sought to break Hawaiian dependence on sugar and plantation agriculture, expand small farming, and remake the islands’ racial order through white settlement from the mainland. Ultimately, the USDA’s brand of settler colonialism failed to supplant the existing plantation economy.","PeriodicalId":45996,"journal":{"name":"History and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89963334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
An engineering career as industrial mission: Jack Keiser in post-war Britain 作为工业使命的工程生涯:战后英国的杰克·凯泽
IF 1.2 1区 历史学
History and Technology Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2020.1817407
Jennifer Alexander
{"title":"An engineering career as industrial mission: Jack Keiser in post-war Britain","authors":"Jennifer Alexander","doi":"10.1080/07341512.2020.1817407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2020.1817407","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT British mechanical engineer Jack Keiser’s postwar career in industrial education was simultaneously a career in justice work and Christian industrial mission. This paper examines the Christian critique of industry Keiser developed early in his career, as he transitioned in 1949–1950 into his life’s work in firm-based industrial education, and asks how historians of technology might interpret a critique that characterized industry in hyperbolic terms as enslaving or demonic. Keiser’s was part of an international critique connected to three important post-war Christian institutions: Student Christian Movement, the Industrial Mission Movement, and the World Council of Churches. He engaged with justice at both an intimate and a cosmic level, intimately through face-to-face relationships with apprentices and trainees under his supervision, and cosmically by engaging with the biblical prophets through whom God called for justice.","PeriodicalId":45996,"journal":{"name":"History and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87438880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A sociotechnical order for the umma: connecting Islam and technology in Suharto’s Indonesia 乌玛的社会技术秩序:在苏哈托的印度尼西亚连接伊斯兰教和技术
IF 1.2 1区 历史学
History and Technology Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2020.1809073
S. Moon
{"title":"A sociotechnical order for the umma: connecting Islam and technology in Suharto’s Indonesia","authors":"S. Moon","doi":"10.1080/07341512.2020.1809073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2020.1809073","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores narratives connecting Islam and technology that arose in Indonesia during the New Order period (1965–1998). These public discussions defined technological work, especially work in high technology, as a vital spiritual and economic arena for Indonesian Muslims. By asserting technology as a site for spiritual action, Indonesian Islamic activists offered a redefinition of economic development intended to alter both its goals and the character of participation in the development enterprise. In doing so, they framed technological activity as a crucial form of moral agency. Embracing the postsecular turn in historical scholarship which emphasizes attention to the ongoing social processes which define religiosity and secularity, this article investigates how religion and technology are entangled in contemporary Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":45996,"journal":{"name":"History and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79471673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Presencing the divine: religion and technology in the Latin West 呈现神圣:拉丁西方的宗教与技术
IF 1.2 1区 历史学
History and Technology Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2020.1816059
Timothy H. B. Stoneman
{"title":"Presencing the divine: religion and technology in the Latin West","authors":"Timothy H. B. Stoneman","doi":"10.1080/07341512.2020.1816059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2020.1816059","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For over a millennium, Catholic and Protestant traditions have deployed technologies to address the central paradox of the Christian faith: God’s absence after Easter. The following essay brings together scholarship on religious technics in the Christian Latin West during the medieval and early modern periods with a focus on the performance of presence. Medieval actors utilized an array of techniques, instruments, and contraptions to manifest the divine power present in holy matter. The movement of artifacts and people across medieval and early modern horizons mobilized and multiplied the effects of sacred proximity. The Society of Jesus’ emphasis on sensuality in worship and spectacle linked older forms of ritual piety with routinized religion. The shift from a predominantly Christian to modern culture in the West did not terminate organized religion’s close association with technology, but extended the experience of spiritual presence in the West through industrial and post-industrial, digital means.","PeriodicalId":45996,"journal":{"name":"History and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72710286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Remember the Sabbath’: a history of technological decisions and innovation in Orthodox Jewish communities “记住安息日”:正统犹太社区的技术决策和创新历史
IF 1.2 1区 历史学
History and Technology Pub Date : 2020-04-02 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2020.1816339
A. Bix
{"title":"‘Remember the Sabbath’: a history of technological decisions and innovation in Orthodox Jewish communities","authors":"A. Bix","doi":"10.1080/07341512.2020.1816339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2020.1816339","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The relationship of Modern Orthodox Jewish communities to technology is mediated by the calendar, following requirements to keep the Sabbath holy. As nineteenth-, twentieth-, and twentyfirst-century inventions reshaped work, public spaces, and domestic living, rabbis intensely debated whether, how, and why observant Jewish people should avoid using electric switches, kitchen appliances, elevators, and other everyday devices on the Sabbath. To justify their decisions, rabbis interrogated minute technical details of these objects. Sabbath prohibitions promoted innovation, as rabbis collaborated with Jewish engineers to create what they judged to be Sabbath-compliant adaptions of everyday technologies. Given that prominent rabbis often disagreed about proper technology use on the Sabbath, Jewish families had the opportunity to decide for themselves what counted as authentic devotion in handling personal and domestic technologies.","PeriodicalId":45996,"journal":{"name":"History and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78531325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Nuclear safety by numbers. Probabilistic risk analysis as an evidence practice for technical safety in the German debate on nuclear energy 核安全靠数字。概率风险分析作为德国核能辩论中技术安全的证据实践
IF 1.2 1区 历史学
History and Technology Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/07341512.2020.1766916
S. Esselborn, K. Zachmann
{"title":"Nuclear safety by numbers. Probabilistic risk analysis as an evidence practice for technical safety in the German debate on nuclear energy","authors":"S. Esselborn, K. Zachmann","doi":"10.1080/07341512.2020.1766916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2020.1766916","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The article explores the introduction of Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) for nuclear energy in the two German states, the FRG and the GDR since the late 1960s. We argue that PRA - which promised to make potential dangers associated with the new technology calculable, comparable and seemingly controllable by reducing them to numerical terms - is best understood as an evidence practice, aiming to (re-)establish intersubjective agreement on nuclear safety through quantification. As such, the introduction of PRA was from the beginning also a political question, tied to the destabilization of alternative evidence practices. While in both the FRG and the GDR, the relativization of the promise of absolute safety inherent in the new method proved problematic, this was an even bigger obstacle in the socialist East. Although PRA ultimately failed to (re-)establish a societal consensus on nuclear energy in Germany, its institutionalization shaped the societal discourse on dangerous technologies.","PeriodicalId":45996,"journal":{"name":"History and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77209479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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