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Innovation in mental health care: Bertram Mandelbrote, the Phoenix Unit and the therapeutic community approach. 精神卫生保健的创新:伯特伦·曼德尔布罗特、凤凰单位和治疗社区方法。
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X221142416
David Millard, Peter Agulnik, Neil Armstrong, Craig Fees, John Hall, David Kennard, Jonathan Leach
{"title":"Innovation in mental health care: Bertram Mandelbrote, the Phoenix Unit and the therapeutic community approach.","authors":"David Millard,&nbsp;Peter Agulnik,&nbsp;Neil Armstrong,&nbsp;Craig Fees,&nbsp;John Hall,&nbsp;David Kennard,&nbsp;Jonathan Leach","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221142416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X221142416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bertram Mandelbrote was Physician Superintendent and Consultant Psychiatrist at Littlemore Hospital in Oxford from 1959 to 1988. A humane pragmatist rather than theoretician, Mandelbrote was known for his facilitating style of leadership and working across organisational boundaries. He created the Phoenix Unit, an innovative admission unit run on therapeutic community lines which became a hub for community outreach. Material drawn from oral histories and witness seminars reflects the remarkably unstructured style of working on the Phoenix Unit and the enduring influence of Mandelbrote and fellow consultant Benn Pomryn's styles of leadership. Practices initiated at Littlemore led to a number of innovative services in Oxfordshire. These innovations place Mandelbrote as a pioneer in social psychiatry and the therapeutic community approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"17-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9561247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The processes and context of innovation in mental healthcare: Oxfordshire as a case study. 在精神卫生保健创新的过程和背景:牛津郡作为一个案例研究。
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X221140736
John Hall, Neil Armstrong, Peter Agulnik, Craig Fees, David Kennard, Jonathan Leach, David Millard
{"title":"The processes and context of innovation in mental healthcare: Oxfordshire as a case study.","authors":"John Hall,&nbsp;Neil Armstrong,&nbsp;Peter Agulnik,&nbsp;Craig Fees,&nbsp;David Kennard,&nbsp;Jonathan Leach,&nbsp;David Millard","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221140736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X221140736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article introduces the four following articles and the Classic Text. They describe the development of a sequence of innovative local mental health services in Oxfordshire, and explore the processes of innovation, led by the humane pragmatism practised by Dr Bertram Mandelbrote, who was Physician Superintendent at Littlemore Hospital in Oxford from 1959 to 1988. The articles describe emerging patterns of therapeutic community practice, and trace the events leading to a set of discrete service developments outside the hospital. Together, they suggest a positive role for chance in these developments, and a focus on the then prevailing national and local regulatory culture. The Classic Text by David Millard provides an overview of the origins of the therapeutic community movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"3-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9561253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Happenstance and regulatory culture: the evolution of innovative community mental health services in Oxfordshire in the late twentieth century. 偶然事件和监管文化:20世纪后期牛津郡创新社区精神卫生服务的演变。
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X221136702
Neil Armstrong, Peter Agulnik
{"title":"Happenstance and regulatory culture: the evolution of innovative community mental health services in Oxfordshire in the late twentieth century.","authors":"Neil Armstrong,&nbsp;Peter Agulnik","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221136702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X221136702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper uses co-produced historical material to explore the evolution of two innovative mental healthcare institutions that emerged in Oxfordshire in the 1960s. We highlight how the trajectories of both institutions were driven by chance events occurring within social environments, rather than emerging out of evidence or policy initiatives. Both institutions found a role for spontaneity and an openness to chance in the way they worked. We argue that this kind of institutional history would be unlikely today; the paper develops and uses the concept of regulatory culture to explain why. We suggest that the role of regulatory culture has been neglected in the history of psychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"64-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9902968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9561248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The development of supported mental health accommodation and community psychiatric nursing in Oxfordshire. 牛津郡精神健康辅助住宿和精神病社区护理的发展。
IF 0.3 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X221136697
John Hall
{"title":"The development of supported mental health accommodation and community psychiatric nursing in Oxfordshire.","authors":"John Hall","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221136697","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0957154X221136697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overcrowding in British mental hospitals was a major service and political concern when the NHS was introduced in 1948. From 1959, a number of projects were initiated locally in Oxfordshire, based from Littlemore Hospital Oxford, to provide alternative accommodation, primarily for long-stay residents. Two NHS hostels were opened and a network of group homes was developed from 1963. These were administered through the hospital League of Friends and supported by the community psychiatric nursing service led by Helmut Leopoldt. From 1977 a separate local charity, Oxfordshire Mind, also provided supported housing for younger patients. These developments can be seen as an early local case study of the provision of non-hospital (supported) accommodation and other forms of support for people with long-term mental health problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"34-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2e/21/10.1177_0957154X221136697.PMC9902990.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9568148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: Rachel Aviv, Strangers to Ourselves: Unsettled Minds and the Stories That Make Us 书评：Rachel Aviv，《我们自己的陌生人：不安定的心态和造就我们的故事》
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.1177/0957154x231154764
E. Caplan
{"title":"Book Review: Rachel Aviv, Strangers to Ourselves: Unsettled Minds and the Stories That Make Us","authors":"E. Caplan","doi":"10.1177/0957154x231154764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154x231154764","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"226 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49565045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
This equivocal dust: a review of Material Cultures of Psychiatry, edited by M Ankele and B Majerus. 这模棱两可的尘埃:精神病学物质文化综述，由M Ankele和B Majerus编辑。
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X221122953
George Tudorie
{"title":"This equivocal dust: a review of <i>Material Cultures of Psychiatry</i>, edited by M Ankele and B Majerus.","authors":"George Tudorie","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221122953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X221122953","url":null,"abstract":"Topics such as the criteria for diagnosing mental illness, the institutional arrangements for treating the mentally ill, or the exclusion related to having been consigned to a mental institution are not so much topics of the past, as topics with a past. One is aware that invoking that past has become to some extent ritualistic, but this does not make having that past in view any less important, or any less fraught with impasses. The history of psychiatry, at least when conceived as histoire d’en bas, has already reconstructed numerous portraits of individuals, recovering traces of real lives from the ruins of classification systems and institutional metabolism. In painting portraits, artists used to subtly place objects that reflected the biography or ambitions of the subject, but it is only more recently that objects that were part of the everyday life of institutionalized individuals became themselves part of the narratives offered by historians and other scholars of psychiatry. Excavating these remains – and finding ways to listen to them – is part of telling a fuller story of the people who lived for many years in mental institutions, and indirectly of madness as both part of medical science, and a figment of our culture. In the spring of 2018, the conference Material Cultures of Psychiatry was set to explore precisely such barely habitable spaces of what-remains, with a mix of scholarly, pedagogical and artistic contributions. Three years later, a selection of those contributions was published in a book, edited by Monika Ankele and Benoît Majerus (2021).1 It is a rich collection, which could be of particular interest to those scholars who usually only read English, since it makes available research done in other European languages (mostly German and French). The book is divided in to five parts, the last of which is dedicated to pedagogical/artistic projects. Interspersed in the other parts are more instances of art. As none of the works are purely","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"33 4","pages":"490-494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9196135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Melancholia in late life in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia, 1871-1905: symptoms, behaviours and outcomes. 1871-1905年，澳大利亚新南威尔士州和维多利亚州晚年的忧郁症:症状、行为和结果。
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X221117000
Brian Draper
{"title":"Melancholia in late life in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia, 1871-1905: symptoms, behaviours and outcomes.","authors":"Brian Draper","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221117000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X221117000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the late nineteenth century, the prognosis of late-life melancholia was believed to be poor. The medical casebooks of 40 patients aged 60+years, admitted to two Hospitals for the Insane in New South Wales with melancholia between 1871 and 1905, were examined. Psychosis (87.5%), depressed mood (80%), suicidal behaviour (55%), physical ill health (55%), restlessness (50%) and fears of harm to self (50%) were identified. Main outcomes were discharge (40%) and death (37.5%). Victoria's Kew Hospital patient register for 1872-88 revealed 669 melancholia admissions with 30 aged 60+. Outcomes worsened significantly with age (chi square = 16.19, <i>df</i> = 4, <i>p</i> < 0.005), mainly due to higher mortality. Nineteenth-century late-life melancholia was a severe disorder despite many cases recovering.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"33 4","pages":"467-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9184619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Acknowledgements. 致谢
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X221125010
{"title":"Acknowledgements.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221125010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X221125010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"33 4","pages":"504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9095303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Malaria therapy for general paralysis of the insane at the Sunbury Hospital for the Insane in Australia, 1925-6. 1925- 1925年，澳大利亚桑伯里精神病医院对全面性瘫痪的精神病患者的疟疾治疗。
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X221120757
Alison Clayton
{"title":"Malaria therapy for general paralysis of the insane at the Sunbury Hospital for the Insane in Australia, 1925-6.","authors":"Alison Clayton","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221120757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X221120757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper, drawing on the published medical literature and unpublished medical record archives, provides an in-depth account of the introduction of malaria therapy for general paralysis of the insane into Australia in 1925-6, at Victoria's Sunbury Hospital for the Insane. This study reveals a complex and ambiguous picture of the practice and therapeutic impact of malaria therapy in this local setting. This research highlights a number of factors which may have contributed to some physicians overestimating malaria therapy's effectiveness. It also shows that other physicians of the era held a more sceptical attitude towards malaria therapy. Finally, this paper discusses the relevance of this history to contemporary psychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"33 4","pages":"377-393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9196134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
'I have to-day seen all the 671 patients in residence in this institution': not listening to patients in the long 1920s. “我今天见过这个医院里所有的671名病人”:不听20世纪20年代病人的意见。
IF 0.6 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X221119105
Claire Hilton
{"title":"'I have to-day seen all the 671 patients in residence in this institution': not listening to patients in the long 1920s.","authors":"Claire Hilton","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221119105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X221119105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the 1920s, patients and former patients produced oral and written accounts of their mental hospital experiences. Many aimed to inform the public about the institutions and to improve standards of care, but their views were usually ignored. The assumption that mental disorders affected all aspects of a person's judgement, plus defensive and disparaging attitudes of hospital authorities and formal committees of inquiry, contributed to this. Various other public agendas, financial crises and rising unemployment detracted from the needs of mentally unwell people. Small improvements in care materialized, but lay, professional and institutional cultures generally preserved the status quo. Regarding learning from patients' feedback, some hurdles encountered in the 1920s resonate with challenges in today's National Health Service.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"33 4","pages":"394-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9184622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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