History of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"George Stephen Penny (1885-1964): his life and medical encounters before, during and after admission to Broadmoor Criminal Lunatic Asylum.","authors":"Claire Hilton","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221146399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X221146399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amid extensive press coverage, George Stephen Penny (1885-1964) was tried for murder in 1923. He was found 'guilty but insane' due to 'confusional insanity' associated with malaria which he suffered during World War I. Penny was admitted to Broadmoor Criminal Lunatic Asylum at a time of great public concern about inadequate and cruel care in mental institutions, but he was treated with humanity and respect. Penny's story also reveals much about challenges of psychiatric diagnosis and the relationships between crime, insanity, the public, lawyers and the medical profession. Following discharge from Broadmoor, Penny built himself a life in the community. His pseudonymous memoir, with masterly concealment of his identity and crime, tells his story up to 1925.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 2","pages":"196-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9573937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality among those certified under lunacy legislation in Scotland during World War I.","authors":"Margaret White","doi":"10.1177/0957154X231152774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X231152774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mortality in asylum populations increased during World War I. This paper seeks to analyse the mortality data from Scotland, where governmental statistics allow comparison between different lunacy institutions, poorhouses and prisons, as well as people certified under lunacy legislation but living in the community. Detailed study is made of two Lothian asylums, the Royal Edinburgh Asylum and the Midlothian and Peebles District Asylum, and the 1918 influenza pandemic is considered in the asylum context. Similarities and differences between the situation in Scotland and that in England and Wales are discussed, and parallels are drawn with the Covid-19 pandemic in Scotland.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 2","pages":"162-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9623837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mad yearning for solitude: Timon the Misanthrope and his relevance to the study of ancient psychopathology.","authors":"Nadine Metzger","doi":"10.1177/0957154X231157187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X231157187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ancient Greek and Latin medical authors considered a flight into solitude a compelling sign of mental disturbance, frequently described as misanthropia, a word fraught with meaning beyond the medical discourse. The fictionalised character Timon of Athens, the quintessential misanthrope, can shed light on ancient cultural concepts of self-imposed isolation from human contact. To cope with the sense of unease this deviant behaviour induced, misanthropia was explained as 'madness', ridiculed in various genres of humour, morally condemned in philosophy, and ultimately demonized in Christian cosmology. These various attempts at containment echo in the medical works of the age, making it impossible to comprehend the concept of misanthropia in ancient medicine without taking full account of the cultural context.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 2","pages":"146-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ca/9a/10.1177_0957154X231157187.PMC10160400.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9574446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classic Text No. 134: 'A case of Wernicke-Bostroem's expansive autopsychosis', by Ib Ostenfeld (1944).","authors":"Johan Schioldann","doi":"10.1177/0957154X231157051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X231157051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Expansive autopsychosis, grouped with cycloid psychoses - an illness entity of double origin: (1) Morel's notion degeneracy, reformulated by Magnan and Legrain (reflected in Wimmer's concept: psychogenic psychosis); (2) Wernicke's, Kleist's, Bostroem's (and later Leonhard's) notion of these purportedly independent conditions. Locked in the Danish language, Strömgren and Ostenfeld provided important contributions to this field, exemplified by Ostenfeld's casuistry, translated in this Classic Text.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 2","pages":"209-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9574443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emil Kraepelin as a historian of psychiatry - one hundred years on.","authors":"Burkhart Brückner","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221143613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X221143613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reviews Emil Kraepelin's address '<i>Hundert Jahre Psychiatrie</i>', at the opening of the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Psychiatrie in 1917, and published as an essay in 1918. Kraepelin's publication represents a part of his late work: his commitment as a historian of psychiatry. He composed a classic narrative of psychiatric progress, which includes an outlook on desirable future developments in therapy and prevention. The present article considers the essay's socio-historical context as well as its structure and content. The focus lies on its time of origin around the end of World War I, its sources in relation to the state of the art of historiography at that time and the history of its reception, including the English-language edition of 1962.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 2","pages":"111-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/33/91/10.1177_0957154X221143613.PMC10160394.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9570172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rosenhan revisited: successful scientific fraud.","authors":"Andrew Scull","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221150878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X221150878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The publication of David Rosenhan's 'On being sane in insane places' in <i>Science</i> in 1973 played a crucial role in persuading the American Psychiatric Association to revise its diagnostic manual. The third edition of the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i> (<i>DSM-III</i>) in its turn launched a revolution in American psychiatry whose reverberations continue to this day. Rosenhan's paper continues to be cited hundreds of times a year, and its alleged findings are seen as crucial evidence of psychiatry's failings. Yet based on the findings of an investigative journalist, Susannah Cahalan, and on records she shared with the author, we now know that this research is a spectacularly successful case of scientific fraud.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 2","pages":"180-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9925848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Picture imperfect': the motives and uses of patient photography in the asylum.","authors":"Caroline Dahlquist,&nbsp;Peter Kinderman","doi":"10.1177/0957154X231157001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X231157001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the nineteenth century, photography became common in psychiatric asylums. Although patient photographs were produced in large numbers, their original purpose and use are unclear. Journals, newspaper archives and Medical Superintendents' notes from the period 1845-1920 were analysed to understand the reasons behind the practice. This revealed: (1) empathic motivation: using photography to understand the mental condition and aid treatment; (2) therapeutic focus on biological processes: using photography to detect biological pathologies or phenotypes; and (3) eugenics: using photography to recognise hereditary insanity, aimed at preventing transmission to future generations. This reveals a conceptual move from empathic intentions and psychosocial understandings to largely biological and genetic explanations, providing context for contemporary psychiatry and the study of heredity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 2","pages":"130-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9942693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Alexander Batthyány, Viktor Frankl and the Shoah: Advancing the Debate","authors":"R. Dieser","doi":"10.1177/0957154X231173338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X231173338","url":null,"abstract":"Ethical and trustworthy historical research methodologies and interpretations are at the core of Batthyány’s1 book, advancing a significant debate with historian Timothy Pytell. Viktor Frankl and the Shoah: Advancing the Debate is a response to claims made by Pytell, the author of Viktor Frankl’s Search for Meaning: An Emblematic 20th-Century Life (2015), the English version of his Viktor Frankl: Das Ende eines Mythos? (2005).2 The debate is focused on the life of Viktor Emil Frankl, MD, PhD (1905–97). Frankl pioneered logotherapy and wrote the renowned Holocaust testimony, Man’s Search for Meaning. It has been translated into over 50 languages, sold over 16 million copies, and is currently listed on Amazon’s ‘Top 100 Books to Read in a Lifetime’. Viktor Frankl and the Shoah is mainly based on an interview that Batthyány provided to the Austrian psychotherapy magazine No:os in 2005 (the original and full-length interview was published by Batthyány in 2007). It should be noted that I read Pytell’s book (twice) in 2019 and also shortly after Batthyány published his book. Pytell’s stated purpose was a reconstruction of Frankl’s intellectual biography. Viktor Frankl and the Shoah: Advancing the Debate consists of eight chapters, each specifically identifying a false claim made by Pytell and then offering a counter-argument with evidence. These chapters are book-ended with a foreword by Wolfgang Neugebauer3 and an afterword by William Evans.4 At the outset, Neugebauer states why he supports Batthyány’s writing. Neugebauer claims he has rarely encountered such a multitude of manipulations, factual errors, and ignorance of archival research as he finds in Pytell’s book. To underscore the consistency of Pytell’s sub-standard academic labour, Neugebauer reports on another article that Pytell authored. According to Neugebauer, this article both falsely accuses him of claiming that Frankl did not sabotage any Jewish euthanasia5 and lied about interviewing him (Neugebauer posits he had a short casual conversation with Pytell in 1997 and not an interview, as Pytell reports). William Evans also attacked distortions he found in Pytell’s work, accusing Pytell of creating a historical strawman version of Frankl. To further support the argument that Pytell’s book is based on slipshod historical research, Batthyány cites four book reviews from peer-reviewed publications suggesting that Pytell’s analysis is superficial and full of errors (e.g. Allan Janik’s 2007 review of Pytell’s 2005 German version in Central European History).","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"363 - 366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42125060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classic Text No. 133: 'Maxwell Jones and the Therapeutic Community', by David Millard (1996).","authors":"Craig Fees, David Kennard","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221140734","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0957154X221140734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This text was David Millard's departing gift to a field to which he had contributed for 30 years, as practitioner and later as Lecturer in Applied Social Studies and editor of the <i>International Journal of Therapeutic Communities</i>. Charting the chronology of Maxwell Jones's career as a world-renowned psychiatrist and therapeutic community pioneer, Millard contrasts Jones's contribution at Mill Hill with Tom Main's at Northfield. Jones's most distinctive contribution was allowing patients to become auxiliary therapists and freeing nurses from the nursing hierarchy. Focusing on a subset of therapeutic communities in adult psychiatry, Millard's paper is not an academic history of therapeutic communities as such. The roles of happenstance and positive deviance are demonstrated in the way change occurs in therapeutic communities. The 'charisma question' is briefly explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"78-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d5/e2/10.1177_0957154X221140734.PMC9902960.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9561254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of a creative work rehabilitation organisation.","authors":"Jonathan Leach,&nbsp;Peter Agulnik,&nbsp;Neil Armstrong","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221138696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X221138696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Work as therapy has a place in mental healthcare, but there is disagreement about how and why it might be helpful, and how best to conceptualise or represent those benefits. Over the last 50 years, occupational and industrial therapy sheltered workshops have been key elements in the provision of work activities in psychiatric settings, and community-based horticultural activities and creative craft work have offered additional approaches. Using archival material, interviews, witness seminars and personal reflections, this article charts the birth and initial growth of Restore, a charity providing creative work-based services in Oxfordshire between 1977 and 1988. Although Restore might be understood as a response to national trends in mental healthcare policy and research, its trajectory reflects local contingencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"48-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9925839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}