History of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Rosenhan revisited: successful scientific fraud.","authors":"Andrew Scull","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221150878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X221150878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The publication of David Rosenhan's 'On being sane in insane places' in <i>Science</i> in 1973 played a crucial role in persuading the American Psychiatric Association to revise its diagnostic manual. The third edition of the <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i> (<i>DSM-III</i>) in its turn launched a revolution in American psychiatry whose reverberations continue to this day. Rosenhan's paper continues to be cited hundreds of times a year, and its alleged findings are seen as crucial evidence of psychiatry's failings. Yet based on the findings of an investigative journalist, Susannah Cahalan, and on records she shared with the author, we now know that this research is a spectacularly successful case of scientific fraud.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 2","pages":"180-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9925848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Picture imperfect': the motives and uses of patient photography in the asylum.","authors":"Caroline Dahlquist,&nbsp;Peter Kinderman","doi":"10.1177/0957154X231157001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X231157001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the nineteenth century, photography became common in psychiatric asylums. Although patient photographs were produced in large numbers, their original purpose and use are unclear. Journals, newspaper archives and Medical Superintendents' notes from the period 1845-1920 were analysed to understand the reasons behind the practice. This revealed: (1) empathic motivation: using photography to understand the mental condition and aid treatment; (2) therapeutic focus on biological processes: using photography to detect biological pathologies or phenotypes; and (3) eugenics: using photography to recognise hereditary insanity, aimed at preventing transmission to future generations. This reveals a conceptual move from empathic intentions and psychosocial understandings to largely biological and genetic explanations, providing context for contemporary psychiatry and the study of heredity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 2","pages":"130-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9942693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Alexander Batthyány, Viktor Frankl and the Shoah: Advancing the Debate","authors":"R. Dieser","doi":"10.1177/0957154X231173338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X231173338","url":null,"abstract":"Ethical and trustworthy historical research methodologies and interpretations are at the core of Batthyány’s1 book, advancing a significant debate with historian Timothy Pytell. Viktor Frankl and the Shoah: Advancing the Debate is a response to claims made by Pytell, the author of Viktor Frankl’s Search for Meaning: An Emblematic 20th-Century Life (2015), the English version of his Viktor Frankl: Das Ende eines Mythos? (2005).2 The debate is focused on the life of Viktor Emil Frankl, MD, PhD (1905–97). Frankl pioneered logotherapy and wrote the renowned Holocaust testimony, Man’s Search for Meaning. It has been translated into over 50 languages, sold over 16 million copies, and is currently listed on Amazon’s ‘Top 100 Books to Read in a Lifetime’. Viktor Frankl and the Shoah is mainly based on an interview that Batthyány provided to the Austrian psychotherapy magazine No:os in 2005 (the original and full-length interview was published by Batthyány in 2007). It should be noted that I read Pytell’s book (twice) in 2019 and also shortly after Batthyány published his book. Pytell’s stated purpose was a reconstruction of Frankl’s intellectual biography. Viktor Frankl and the Shoah: Advancing the Debate consists of eight chapters, each specifically identifying a false claim made by Pytell and then offering a counter-argument with evidence. These chapters are book-ended with a foreword by Wolfgang Neugebauer3 and an afterword by William Evans.4 At the outset, Neugebauer states why he supports Batthyány’s writing. Neugebauer claims he has rarely encountered such a multitude of manipulations, factual errors, and ignorance of archival research as he finds in Pytell’s book. To underscore the consistency of Pytell’s sub-standard academic labour, Neugebauer reports on another article that Pytell authored. According to Neugebauer, this article both falsely accuses him of claiming that Frankl did not sabotage any Jewish euthanasia5 and lied about interviewing him (Neugebauer posits he had a short casual conversation with Pytell in 1997 and not an interview, as Pytell reports). William Evans also attacked distortions he found in Pytell’s work, accusing Pytell of creating a historical strawman version of Frankl. To further support the argument that Pytell’s book is based on slipshod historical research, Batthyány cites four book reviews from peer-reviewed publications suggesting that Pytell’s analysis is superficial and full of errors (e.g. Allan Janik’s 2007 review of Pytell’s 2005 German version in Central European History).","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"363 - 366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42125060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classic Text No. 133: 'Maxwell Jones and the Therapeutic Community', by David Millard (1996).","authors":"Craig Fees, David Kennard","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221140734","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0957154X221140734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This text was David Millard's departing gift to a field to which he had contributed for 30 years, as practitioner and later as Lecturer in Applied Social Studies and editor of the <i>International Journal of Therapeutic Communities</i>. Charting the chronology of Maxwell Jones's career as a world-renowned psychiatrist and therapeutic community pioneer, Millard contrasts Jones's contribution at Mill Hill with Tom Main's at Northfield. Jones's most distinctive contribution was allowing patients to become auxiliary therapists and freeing nurses from the nursing hierarchy. Focusing on a subset of therapeutic communities in adult psychiatry, Millard's paper is not an academic history of therapeutic communities as such. The roles of happenstance and positive deviance are demonstrated in the way change occurs in therapeutic communities. The 'charisma question' is briefly explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"78-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d5/e2/10.1177_0957154X221140734.PMC9902960.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9561254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of a creative work rehabilitation organisation.","authors":"Jonathan Leach,&nbsp;Peter Agulnik,&nbsp;Neil Armstrong","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221138696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X221138696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Work as therapy has a place in mental healthcare, but there is disagreement about how and why it might be helpful, and how best to conceptualise or represent those benefits. Over the last 50 years, occupational and industrial therapy sheltered workshops have been key elements in the provision of work activities in psychiatric settings, and community-based horticultural activities and creative craft work have offered additional approaches. Using archival material, interviews, witness seminars and personal reflections, this article charts the birth and initial growth of Restore, a charity providing creative work-based services in Oxfordshire between 1977 and 1988. Although Restore might be understood as a response to national trends in mental healthcare policy and research, its trajectory reflects local contingencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"48-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9925839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation in mental health care: Bertram Mandelbrote, the Phoenix Unit and the therapeutic community approach.","authors":"David Millard,&nbsp;Peter Agulnik,&nbsp;Neil Armstrong,&nbsp;Craig Fees,&nbsp;John Hall,&nbsp;David Kennard,&nbsp;Jonathan Leach","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221142416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X221142416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bertram Mandelbrote was Physician Superintendent and Consultant Psychiatrist at Littlemore Hospital in Oxford from 1959 to 1988. A humane pragmatist rather than theoretician, Mandelbrote was known for his facilitating style of leadership and working across organisational boundaries. He created the Phoenix Unit, an innovative admission unit run on therapeutic community lines which became a hub for community outreach. Material drawn from oral histories and witness seminars reflects the remarkably unstructured style of working on the Phoenix Unit and the enduring influence of Mandelbrote and fellow consultant Benn Pomryn's styles of leadership. Practices initiated at Littlemore led to a number of innovative services in Oxfordshire. These innovations place Mandelbrote as a pioneer in social psychiatry and the therapeutic community approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"17-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9561247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The processes and context of innovation in mental healthcare: Oxfordshire as a case study.","authors":"John Hall,&nbsp;Neil Armstrong,&nbsp;Peter Agulnik,&nbsp;Craig Fees,&nbsp;David Kennard,&nbsp;Jonathan Leach,&nbsp;David Millard","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221140736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X221140736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article introduces the four following articles and the Classic Text. They describe the development of a sequence of innovative local mental health services in Oxfordshire, and explore the processes of innovation, led by the humane pragmatism practised by Dr Bertram Mandelbrote, who was Physician Superintendent at Littlemore Hospital in Oxford from 1959 to 1988. The articles describe emerging patterns of therapeutic community practice, and trace the events leading to a set of discrete service developments outside the hospital. Together, they suggest a positive role for chance in these developments, and a focus on the then prevailing national and local regulatory culture. The Classic Text by David Millard provides an overview of the origins of the therapeutic community movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"3-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9561253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Happenstance and regulatory culture: the evolution of innovative community mental health services in Oxfordshire in the late twentieth century.","authors":"Neil Armstrong,&nbsp;Peter Agulnik","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221136702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X221136702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper uses co-produced historical material to explore the evolution of two innovative mental healthcare institutions that emerged in Oxfordshire in the 1960s. We highlight how the trajectories of both institutions were driven by chance events occurring within social environments, rather than emerging out of evidence or policy initiatives. Both institutions found a role for spontaneity and an openness to chance in the way they worked. We argue that this kind of institutional history would be unlikely today; the paper develops and uses the concept of regulatory culture to explain why. We suggest that the role of regulatory culture has been neglected in the history of psychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"64-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9902968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9561248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of supported mental health accommodation and community psychiatric nursing in Oxfordshire.","authors":"John Hall","doi":"10.1177/0957154X221136697","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0957154X221136697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overcrowding in British mental hospitals was a major service and political concern when the NHS was introduced in 1948. From 1959, a number of projects were initiated locally in Oxfordshire, based from Littlemore Hospital Oxford, to provide alternative accommodation, primarily for long-stay residents. Two NHS hostels were opened and a network of group homes was developed from 1963. These were administered through the hospital League of Friends and supported by the community psychiatric nursing service led by Helmut Leopoldt. From 1977 a separate local charity, Oxfordshire Mind, also provided supported housing for younger patients. These developments can be seen as an early local case study of the provision of non-hospital (supported) accommodation and other forms of support for people with long-term mental health problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"34-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2e/21/10.1177_0957154X221136697.PMC9902990.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9568148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Rachel Aviv, Strangers to Ourselves: Unsettled Minds and the Stories That Make Us","authors":"E. Caplan","doi":"10.1177/0957154x231154764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154x231154764","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"226 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49565045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}