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Blowing glass flowers: How gender shaped psychopathy in American psychiatry, 1906-1941. 吹玻璃花：性别如何塑造美国精神病学中的精神病，1906-1941。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2026-04-26 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X261435550
Suzanna Banks Schulert
{"title":"Blowing glass flowers: How gender shaped psychopathy in American psychiatry, 1906-1941.","authors":"Suzanna Banks Schulert","doi":"10.1177/0957154X261435550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X261435550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1941, Hervey Cleckley's <i>The Mask of Sanity</i> crystalized 35 years of American psychiatric negotiation of psychopathy with a durable image of a superficially charming but inherently destructive man. American psychiatric institutions began classifying some patients as psychopaths in 1906 when prominent psychiatrist Adolf Meyer imported the concept from Europe. Initially, American psychopaths were a diverse group of delinquent misfits, weak of will and ill-suited to social life. In the ensuing decades, the psychopath morphed from an unattractive, suggestible failure into a hypermasculine, pitiless achiever. This article traces the concept of psychopathy in American psychiatric literature between Meyer's introduction and Cleckley's articulation to show how the ideals of mental hygiene and the narrative power of Cleckley's portrait contributed to this gendered winnowing of the category.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"957154X261435550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Outpatients clinics and the 1930 Mental Treatment Act: Patients and practitioners, c.1888-c.1940. 门诊诊所和1930年精神治疗法案：病人和从业者，约1888- 1940年。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X261430341
Rob Ellis, Alice Brumby
{"title":"Outpatients clinics and the 1930 Mental Treatment Act: Patients and practitioners, c.1888-c.1940.","authors":"Rob Ellis, Alice Brumby","doi":"10.1177/0957154X261430341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X261430341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores the introduction of the 1930 Mental Treatment Act (MTA) and places it within a longer-term trajectory of the development of acute services. While many historians have considered the apparent novelty of the MTA, they have tended to see the development of outpatients clinics as separate from the ongoing demand on in-patient services. Using patient case files from the West Riding Mental Hospital, in the northern English county of Yorkshire, consideration is given to the links and overlaps between the creation of the new legalistic categories of temporary and voluntary inpatients and the development of outpatients clinics over the longer-term. Using quantitative and qualitative evidence it demonstrates the continuities in terms of the provision of services and the financial limitations that impacted on their delivery. While attention is paid to the medical story, including the place of female psychiatrists and social workers in the delivery of services, this article emphasises the role of patients, families and non-specialist practitioners in their successes and failures.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"957154X261430341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147692729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reel worlds: Reconstructing the history of postwar child psychotherapy through fiction film. 卷轴世界：通过虚构电影重建战后儿童心理治疗的历史。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2026-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X261430318
Tim Snelson
{"title":"Reel worlds: Reconstructing the history of postwar child psychotherapy through fiction film.","authors":"Tim Snelson","doi":"10.1177/0957154X261430318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X261430318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article uses British drama film <i>No Place for Jennifer</i> (1950) to argue for the evidential value of staged content of real psychotherapeutic places (Institute of Child Psychology) and practices (Margaret Lowenfeld's World Technique). In the absence of 'real' documentary footage, discoveries of recreated therapeutic spaces within largely forgotten genre films can help reconstruct histories of the 'psy' sciences whilst offering insight into the contestations specific sites and practices provoked. Employing Baron's reformulation from 'documentary' to 'archival document', it demonstrates that content extracted from previously disregarded films can fill archival lacunas whilst expanding both 'what can be said' about the past and how it can be said.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"957154X261430318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Back to Karl Jaspers' incomprehensibility of schizophrenia: A longitudinal approach. 回到卡尔·雅斯贝尔斯的精神分裂症的不可理解：纵向方法。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2026-03-19 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X261430923
Valter L Piedade, Guilherme Messas
{"title":"Back to Karl Jaspers' incomprehensibility of schizophrenia: A longitudinal approach.","authors":"Valter L Piedade, Guilherme Messas","doi":"10.1177/0957154X261430923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X261430923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizophrenia has remained from its conception one of psychopathology's most debated topics. Karl Jaspers' theorem of its \"incomprehensibility\" has been particularly influential, often reduced to the impossibility of empathic understanding within the clinical encounter. Contemporary critiques, however, frequently misinterpret Jaspers' phenomenological framework, overlooking the broader scope of its thought. This paper proposes a reinterpretation of Jaspers' incomprehensibility theorem by distinguishing three interconnected levels: (1) phenomenological, as closed to empathic understanding; (2) biographical, as a rupture in the continuity of meaning across personal development; and (3) existential, as the impossibility of grasping a person's Existence. By revisiting these dimensions, we argue for a hermeneutic revaluation of Jaspers' theorem, highlighting its relevance for contemporary discussions on the longitudinality of psychopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"957154X261430923"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147482040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Between healing and repression: The role of medicine and psychiatry in Hohenschönhausen prison as reconstructed from memories. 在治愈和压抑之间：医学和精神病学在Hohenschönhausen监狱中从记忆中重建的角色。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2026-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X261427322
Felicitas Söhner, Kathleen Haack, Tilman Wickert, Ekkehardt Kumbier
{"title":"Between healing and repression: The role of medicine and psychiatry in Hohenschönhausen prison as reconstructed from memories.","authors":"Felicitas Söhner, Kathleen Haack, Tilman Wickert, Ekkehardt Kumbier","doi":"10.1177/0957154X261427322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X261427322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the role of medical, and in particular psychiatric, care in the Berlin-Hohenschönhausen remand prison, situated within the repressive state security apparatus of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Drawing on 11 oral history interviews with former political prisoners, two physicians in different capacities, and a lawyer, it examines the tensions between the professional mandate of care and the political embedding of medical practice. The central question is how doctors navigated a system that structurally intertwined care and control. The findings reveal a complex and ambivalent picture. Physicians frequently emphasised adherence to professional standards and ethical duties, and some exercised limited autonomy to influence treatment decisions. Yet, detainees describe medical care as intermittently available, often instrumentalised for political purposes, and sometimes experienced as distant or dismissive. Psychiatric interventions were rarely applied solely for therapeutic ends, but rather to maintain detainees' functional capacity for interrogation and to produce usable expert witness reports. Medical records were systematically communicated to the secret police, effectively suspending confidentiality. Reports of sedation during interrogation further highlight unresolved ethical and practical tensions. Overall, the study demonstrates that medical expertise in this context was both constrained and deployed in ways that reinforced state control, yet individual physicians occasionally exercised agency within these restrictions. By juxtaposing professional self-perceptions with detainees' experiences, the research contributes to a nuanced historical reassessment of medicine under authoritarian conditions. It underscores the duality of care and coercion, the uneven distribution of agency, and the moral dilemmas faced by medical personnel.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"957154X261427322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147463976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The clinical, philosophical, and political insights of James Frame (1803-1876), or the exemplary singularity of the common. 詹姆斯·弗雷姆（1803-1876）的临床、哲学和政治见解，或典型的普通人的独特性
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2026-03-09 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X261419129
Nicolas J Schwalbe
{"title":"The clinical, philosophical, and political insights of James Frame (1803-1876), or the exemplary singularity of the common.","authors":"Nicolas J Schwalbe","doi":"10.1177/0957154X261419129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X261419129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>James Frame was a nineteenth century Scotsman, psychiatric patient, and author. He published two books during his lifetime, the <i>Philosophy of Insanity</i> and the <i>Asylum Diaries</i>, which detail his lived experience as a patient at the Glasgow Royal Lunatic Asylum. This book review-essay engages with recent scholarship on Frame to argue that these recently re-published writings offer more than historical curiosity: they articulate a consistent <i>philosophy of madness</i> and a political theory of care that continues to be relevant for contemporary psychiatry. Frame's testimony provides a rare first-hand account of the Scottish \"no-restraint\" movement, prefiguring both anti-psychiatry and patient-centered care, while foregrounding the therapeutic significance of environment, community, and the relational dynamics they foster. At the same time, Frame's work develops a singular ethics, epistemology, and ontology of madness, insisting that reason and unreason are not opposed but entwined, thus demonstrating that the ontological <i>impropriety</i> of any singular life-what the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben calls its \"exemplarity\"-is what makes it most <i>common</i>. By analyzing Frame's synthesis of testimonial combined with practical, philosophical, and political insight, as well as recent historical and clinical scholarship on his works, the review-essay shows how his writings anticipate both psychoanalytic concepts such as transference, as well as ethical critiques of profit-driven health systems. The piece concludes that Frame's work remains a conceptual resource for rethinking the intertwined epistemological, ethical, and political dimensions of psychiatry in the 21st century.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"957154X261419129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reform of care for people with mental illness in two German states before reunification: An oral history approach. 统一前两个德国州对精神疾病患者的护理改革：口述历史方法。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2026-03-08 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X251392921
Georg Bornemann, Thomas Becker, Robert Feustel, Heiner Fangerau, Felicitas Söhner, Sven Speerforck
{"title":"Reform of care for people with mental illness in two German states before reunification: An oral history approach.","authors":"Georg Bornemann, Thomas Becker, Robert Feustel, Heiner Fangerau, Felicitas Söhner, Sven Speerforck","doi":"10.1177/0957154X251392921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X251392921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Between 1960 and 1985 efforts to reform psychiatry took place in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). Although to differing degrees, these efforts showed parallel approaches, for example with regard to negotiations on coercion or the participation of mentally ill people. Oral history interviews conducted with contemporary witnesses from both states suggested changes in the direction of the reform of psychiatry and progress in social participation during the period. Contrasting historical sources with the interviews reveals a dissonance that can be understood in terms of discourse theory. Initial results indicate a convergence, across different political systems, toward improving social participation. Future research would benefit from cross reading this study's results with other sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"957154X251392921"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Barbed wire disease: British medical and lay prisoners of war and their perceptions of mental illness arising from captivity, 1939 to 1947. 铁丝网病：1939年至1947年，英国医疗和普通战俘以及他们对囚禁期间产生的精神疾病的看法。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X261427332
Gabriel Lawson
{"title":"Barbed wire disease: British medical and lay prisoners of war and their perceptions of mental illness arising from captivity, 1939 to 1947.","authors":"Gabriel Lawson","doi":"10.1177/0957154X261427332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X261427332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines medical and lay perceptions of captivity-induced psychopathologies observed among British prisoners of war during the Second World War. Drawing on medical reports, POW memoirs, and camp publications, it explores how both medical and lay observers understood captivity-induced neurotic illness as a collective, environmentally driven disorder rather than an individual pathology. By reintroducing 'barbed wire disease' into the historical narrative, this paper challenges trauma-centred interpretations of military psychiatry and highlights the social and environmental dimensions of mental illness in captivity, offering new perspectives on rehabilitation, resilience, and the boundaries between mental health and ill-health.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"957154X261427332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147370124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Semantics and schizophrenic language: The contribution of Sergio Piro. 语义学和精神分裂症语言：塞尔吉奥·皮罗的贡献。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X251371359
Lorenzo Stampatore, Bruno Orlandella, Massimiliano Aragona
{"title":"Semantics and schizophrenic language: The contribution of Sergio Piro.","authors":"Lorenzo Stampatore, Bruno Orlandella, Massimiliano Aragona","doi":"10.1177/0957154X251371359","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0957154X251371359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alterations of language are a classical hallmark of schizophrenia that many psychologists studied as an expression of psychotic thought disorder. Studies addressing the linguistic specificities of schizophrenic language are less frequent, and those focusing on the semantic sphere are very rare. This paper examines Sergio Piro's studies on schizophrenic language. His theory of semantic dissociation offers a solution to old disputes (e.g. excessive concretism vs abstractness of schizophrenic language). Piro suggests a fluctuating semantic halo that can be enlarged and/or restricted, depending on the linguistic situation. The process of semantic dissociation includes four possible disorders, representing a gradual disorganization of speech: the fluctuation of the semantic halo, the semantic distortion, the semantic dispersion, and the semantic dissolution. Finally, by approaching the topic through semantic analysis, he restored anthropological meaning to linguistic features previously conceived as mere symptoms of a degenerative process.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"25-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Art and madness in 20th century Brazilian psychiatry. 20世纪巴西精神病学中的艺术与疯狂。
IF 0.5 3区 哲学
History of Psychiatry Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1177/0957154X251371360
Gabriely Rosa Dos Prazeres, Caio Maximino
{"title":"Art and madness in 20th century Brazilian psychiatry.","authors":"Gabriely Rosa Dos Prazeres, Caio Maximino","doi":"10.1177/0957154X251371360","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0957154X251371360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores the role of Brazilian art therapy in the 20th century in facilitating linguistic encounters through non-linguistic media for psychotic patients, influenced by the vanguardist movements of the time and framed by Jaspers' theory of language. Osório Cesar's interpretations of patients' artwork, Nise da Silveira's focus on artistic expression, and Lula Wanderley's use of Relational Objects exemplify the potential of non-linguistic media to bridge the communication gap in therapy. These approaches highlight the importance of symbolic content and bodily experiences in conveying meaning. Art therapy, shaped by its relationship with vanguardist movements, harnesses non-linguistic media to create linguistic encounters, allowing psychotic patients to communicate their distress and reshape their reality. This holistic approach enhances mental and emotional well-being by integrating artistic and bodily experiences into therapeutic practices, fostering meaningful transformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45965,"journal":{"name":"History of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"39-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145349144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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