Current Hypertension Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Isolated Natural Antioxidants as a new Possible Therapeutic Alternative for the Treatment of Hypertension.","authors":"Matheus Vinicius Barbosa da Silva,&nbsp;Maria Alessandra da Silva Lima,&nbsp;Lizandra Henrique de Farias,&nbsp;Vanessa Maria Dos Santos,&nbsp;Thyago Moreira de Queiroz","doi":"10.2174/1573402118666221003095317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573402118666221003095317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension, inducing direct effects on the vasculature, and contributing to endothelial dysfunction and consequent impairment of vascular relaxation. Despite a large number of pharmacological treatments available, intolerable side effects are reported, which makes the use of natural antioxidants a promising and complementary alternative for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. From this perspective, the current review aims to investigate and characterize the main antioxidants of natural origin for the treatment of hypertension. Antioxidants act in the inhibition or extinction of chemical reactions involving free radicals and consequently reduce the occurrence of damage caused by these cellular components. The main natural antioxidants for treating hypertension include caffeic acid, ferulic acid, curcumin, apocynin, quercetin, lipoic acid, and lycopene. The effects associated with these antioxidants, which make them therapeutic targets for decreasing high blood pressure, include increased activation of antioxidant enzymes, stimulation of nitric oxide bioavailability, and reduction in angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, arginase, and NADPH oxidase, whose effects contribute to reducing oxidative stress, improving endothelial function, and preventing cardiovascular dysfunctions. Thus, several products with antioxidant properties that are available in nature and their application in the treatment of hypertension are described in the literature. The therapeutic effects of these products seem to regulate several parameters related to arterial hypertension, in addition to combating and preventing the deleterious effects related to the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":"19 1","pages":"7-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10023276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Bisoprolol on Premature Ventricular Complex in Vietnamese Patients with Hypertension and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.","authors":"Son Kim Tran,&nbsp;Toan Hoang Ngo,&nbsp;Anh Thi Phuong Nguyen,&nbsp;Huyen Thi Ngoc Huynh,&nbsp;Cuong Tan Vo,&nbsp;Ngan Ngoc Bao Nguyen,&nbsp;Thang Hoang Nguyen,&nbsp;Minh Van Huynh","doi":"10.2174/1573402119666230110101228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573402119666230110101228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) is a common arrhythmia that causes a large number of clinical symptoms, adversely impacts the quality of life, and can even initiate serious arrhythmias, such as ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. The incidence of premature ventricular contraction is higher in hypertensive patients, particularly if concomitant left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is present.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was conducted on the characteristics of PVC in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and aimed to evaluate the effect of bisoprolol on PVC in Vietnamese patients with hypertension and LVH.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a study to determine how bisoprolol potency affected PVC management in the group with both high blood pressure and LVH. We selected a convenient sample of all patients who came to the Medical Examination Department at the Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital and met sampling criteria with hypertension, LVH on echocardiography, and PVC on 12-leads electrocardiogram. Over 2 years, we collected 76 patients who satisfied the above conditions. Out of which, 50 patients were indicated for management with bisoprolol, and 26 patients were excluded from the study, including 7 patients with asthma and 19 patients who had simple PVC on a 24-hour Holter ECG. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 22.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty patients participated in the study, of whom 70% were female. It is clear that palpitation was the most prevalent symptom (66%), and 38% of patients had complicated PVC (Lown III-V). When treating PVC with bisoprolol, 50% of patients achieved the treatment goal with a decrease in the number of PVCs of more than 70%, accompanied by symptom relief and eradication of dangerous PVCs. After 4 weeks of treatment, bisoprolol decreased the number of PVCs, heart rate, and blood pressure while also easing PVC-related symptoms (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low-dose bisoprolol effectively reduces the number of PVCs in hypertensive patients with LVH.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":"19 1","pages":"42-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10039183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Physical Exercise on Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Hypertensive Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Ayesha Miraj Abidi, Aqsa Mujaddadi, Shahid Raza, Jamal Ali Moiz","doi":"10.2174/1573402119666230803090330","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573402119666230803090330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac autonomic dysfunction is associated with hypertension and exercise training (ET) in healthy individuals is found to improve cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM). However, the effects of physical exercise on CAM in hypertensive individuals are under debate.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the review is to systematically evaluate the literature on the effects of physical exercise on CAM in hypertensive individuals and analyse comparative differences in the effects of exercise between hypertensive and normotensive individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic databases, such as Pubmed, PEDro, Scopus, and Web of Science, were systematically searched from inception up to February, 2022, evaluating the effect of ET on CAM either by heart rate variability (HRV), baroreflex sensitivity or heart rate recovery. Fifteen studies were included in the review. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool version 2 and the risk of bias in studies of intervention (ROBINS-I) tool. The overall quality of evidence was assessed using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation approach. Ten studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed using review manager 5.4.1; publication bias was assessed using Jamovi 2.2.5 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The qualitative analysis revealed low to moderate certainty of evidence for ET and moderate for aerobic training. For the effect of overall ET, the analysis revealed that the standardized mean differences (SMD) showed a significant effect of ET on HF (SMD 1.76, p = 0.04) and RMSSD (SMD 1.19, p < 0.0001) and a significant decrease in LF (SMD -1.78, p = 0.04). Aerobic training revealed nonsignificant improvement in HRV parameters. In the comparative analysis, ET did not show a significant difference in improvement between hypertensive and normotensive individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review suggests an improvement in CAM with physical exercise in hypertensive individuals, but the overall effect of ET in hypertensive individuals must be interpreted with caution as the robustness of the data is compromised in the sensitivity analysis of the trials. High-quality future trials focusing on different modes of ET interventions are needed to strengthen the findings of the present review.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"149-172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10346276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight on Cardiac Chronobiology and Latest Developments of Chronotherapeutic Antihypertensive Interventions for Better Clinical Outcomes.","authors":"Kumud Joshi,&nbsp;Madhubanti Das,&nbsp;Anupam Sarma,&nbsp;Mandeep K Arora,&nbsp;Manmohan SInghal,&nbsp;Bhavna","doi":"10.2174/1573402119666230109142156","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573402119666230109142156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiac circadian rhythms are an important regulator of body functions, including cardiac activities and blood pressure. Disturbance of circadian rhythm is known to trigger and aggravate various cardiovascular diseases. Thus, modulating the circadian rhythm can be used as a therapeutic approach to cardiovascular diseases. Through this work, we intend to discuss the current understanding of cardiac circadian rhythms, in terms of quantifiable parameters like BP and HR. We also elaborate on the molecular regulators and the molecular cascades along with their specific genetic aspects involved in modulating circadian rhythms, with specific reference to cardiovascular health and cardiovascular diseases. Along with this, we also presented the latest pharmacogenomic and metabolomics markers involved in chronobiological control of the cardiovascular system along with their possible utility in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and therapeutics. Finally, we reviewed the current expert opinions on chronotherapeutic approaches for utilizing the conventional as well as the new pharmacological molecules for antihypertensive chronotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":"19 2","pages":"106-122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10191801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodynamic Changes after Continuing or Omitting Regular Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors before Cataract Surgery: A Comparative Study.","authors":"Saeed Khademi,&nbsp;Reza Jouybar,&nbsp;Sedigheh Ahmadi,&nbsp;Naeimehossadat Asmarian,&nbsp;Maryam Ghadimi,&nbsp;Mehrdad Salari,&nbsp;Soodabeh Emami","doi":"10.2174/1573402119666230112110328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573402119666230112110328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>In this study, we aimed to appraise the effects of interrupting (discontinuing) vs. continuing Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) on the hemodynamic changes of patients during and after cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Patients aged 40-70 years, American society of anesthesiologist (ASA) class II, taking ACEI/ARB medications, who were admitted to Khalili hospital (Shiraz, South of Iran) for cataract surgery, were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups for continuing or withdrawing the use of ACEI/ARBs. Group 1 included the patients who continued ACEI/ARB administration, and group 2 included those who discontinued them before surgery. In the operating room, relevant demographic information was collected in addition to the data on patients' basic clinical status, including heart rate and blood pressure, before induction of anesthesia, during, and after that. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21, and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Any significant differences were not revealed in demographic variables (age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, Myocardial infarction, Smoking, and duration of drug therapy) between the two groups. Time effect was significant (p<0.001) for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate, and interaction between time*group was not significant (p = 0.431, p = 0.566, and p = 0.355) for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate. However, the group effect wasn't significant (p=0.701, p=0.663, and p=0.669) for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It seems that in some minor surgeries, such as cataract surgery, withdrawal or continuation of ACEIs/ARBs have no significant effect on the hypotension and heart rate of patients during orafter an operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":"19 1","pages":"59-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10021685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Profile of Patients with Hypertensive Emergency Referred to a Tertiary Hospital in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.","authors":"Mohammed A Talle, Anton F Doubell, Pieter-Paul S Robbertse, Sa'ad Lahri, Philip G Herbst","doi":"10.2174/0115734021266958231101094556","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734021266958231101094556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite advances in managing hypertension, hypertensive emergencies remain a common indication for emergency room visits. Our study aimed to determine the clinical profile of patients referred with hypertensive emergencies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational study involving patients aged ≥18 years referred with hypertensive crisis. A diagnosis of hypertensive emergencies was based on a systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥180 mmHg and/or a diastolic BP ≥110 mmHg, with acute hypertension-mediated organ damage (aHMOD). Patients without evidence of aHMOD were considered hypertensive urgencies. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and unconscious patients were excluded from the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-two patients were included, comprising 66 (80.5%) with hypertensive emergencies and 16 (19.5%) with hypertensive urgencies. The mean age of patients with hypertensive emergencies was 47.9 (13.2) years, and 66.7% were males. Age, systolic BP, and duration of hypertension were similar in the hypertensive crisis cohort. Most patients with hypertensive emergencies reported nonadherence to medication (78%) or presented de novo without a prior diagnosis of hypertension (36%). Cardiac aHMOD (acute pulmonary edema and myocardial infarction) occurred in 66%, while neurological emergencies (intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and hypertensive encephalopathy) occurred in 33.3%. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P < 0.001), NT-proBNP (P=0.024), and cardiac troponin (P<0.001) were higher in hypertensive emergencies compared to urgencies. LDH did not differ in the subtypes of hypertensive emergencies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cardiovascular and neurological emergencies are the most common hypertensive emergencies. Most patients reported nonadherence to medication or presented de novo without a prior diagnosis of hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"194-205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92156931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Organ Dysfunction and Underlying Causes in Maternal Near-miss Cases at Health Care Facilities in Doiwala Block of District Dehradun - A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Dhanak Kanwar, Jaya Chaturvedi, Mahendra Singh, Pradeep Aggarwal, Nandita Sharma, Sabiha Sadiq","doi":"10.2174/1573402119666230815154241","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573402119666230815154241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The extent of maternal morbidity is a good gauge of a nation's maternal health care system. Maternal near-miss (MNM) cases need to be reviewed because they can indirectly contribute significantly to reducing the maternal mortality ratio in India. MNM cases can provide useful information in this context. Such women who survive these life-threatening conditions arising from complications during pregnancy, childbirth and post partum (42 days) share many commonalities with those who die because of such complications.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the organ dysfunction and the underlying causes, associated/contributory factors associated with \"maternal near-miss\" cases in pregnant, in labor, post-partum women (upto42 days) in the health care facilities of Doiwala block, district Dehradun.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The present study was conducted over a period of 6 months under the Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh. The cross-sectional study included the medical record files of all pregnant women attending the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, in the selected healthcare facilities of Doiwala block, district Dehradun. This study was conducted as per the WHO criteria for \"near-miss\" by using convenience sampling for the selection of healthcare facilities. The medical record files of all women who were pregnant, in labor, or who had delivered or aborted up to 42 days were included from a period of 01.06.2021 - 31.05.2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that Out of the women with maternal near-miss (n=91), the majority of women had coagulation /hematological dysfunction (n=45, 49.4%), followed by neurologic dysfunction (n=15, 16.4%), cardio-vascular dysfunction (n=11, 12%). Out of the total women with a maternal near-miss (n = 91), 10 women underwent multiple organ dysfunctions. Of the total 91 maternal near-miss cases, the underlying cause of near-miss was obstetric hemorrhage in almost half the participants (n=45, 49.5%) followed by hypertensive disorders (n=36, 39.5%). Eleven women had a pregnancy with abortive outcomes (12%) and 7 women had pregnancy-related infection. It was also seen that, out of 91 near-miss women, the leading contributory /associated cause was Anemia (n=89, 97.8%) followed by women having a history of previous cesarean section (n=63, 69.2%). Sixteen women had prolonged /obstructed labor (n = 16, 17.58%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pregnancy should be a positive experience for every woman of childbearing age. A better understanding of pregnancy-related conditions enables early detection of complications and prevents the conversion of mild to moderate maternal morbidity outcomes to severe maternal outcomes with long-term health implications or death. There are already effective measures in place to reduce maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"173-179"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10001085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and Management of Supine and Nocturnal Hypertension in Orthostatic Hypotension: A Review.","authors":"Prassana Aravinthan,&nbsp;Trilochan Aravinthan,&nbsp;Aksharaa Anpalahan,&nbsp;Mahesan Anpalahan","doi":"10.2174/1573402119666221222160649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573402119666221222160649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of supine and nocturnal hypertension (S-N-HT) is high among patients with orthostatic hypotension (OH), especially in those who have a neurogenic aetiology. The evidence suggests that S-N-HT exacerbates OH, although it is unclear whether pharmacologic treatment of S-N-HT will improve OH. S-N-HT has also been associated with target organ damage. Therefore, assessment and management of S-N-HT should be an integral part of managing OH, but it is often overlooked in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":"19 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10021192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Plant Bioactive as Diuretics: General Considerations and Mechanism of Diuresis.","authors":"Manvi,&nbsp;Mohammad Irfan Khan,&nbsp;Badruddeen,&nbsp;Juber Akhtar,&nbsp;Mohammad Ahmad,&nbsp;Zeba Siddiqui,&nbsp;Gayyur Fatima","doi":"10.2174/1573402119666230612115220","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573402119666230612115220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medicinal plants have been found beneficial in the control and therapy of many ailments as they contain bioactive compounds, and many of them are used as precursors in the biosynthesis of natural medicines. Diuretics are used as a primary treatment in patients with edema associated with liver cirrhosis and kidney diseases, hyperkalemia, hypertension, heart failure, or renal failure. Furthermore, they are also used to increase the excretion of sodium and reduce blood volume. Due to various adverse events associated with synthetic diuretics, there is a need to investigate alternate plant-based bioactive components that have effective diuretic activity with minimal side effects.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review compiled the reported bioactive compounds from different plant sources along with their mechanisms of diuretic activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Different sources were used to collect information regarding herbal plants with therapeutic value as diuretics. These included published peer-reviewed journal articles, scholarly articles from StatPearls, and search engines like Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Springer, ScienceDirect, Wiley, etc. Results: In this review, it was found that flavonoids like rutin, acacetin, naringenin, etc. showed significant diuretic activity in experimental models by various mechanisms, but mostly by blocking the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter, while some bioactive compounds showed diuretic actions via other mechanisms as well.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Research on clinical trials of these isolated bioactive compounds needs to be further conducted. Thus, this review provides an understanding of the potential diuretic bioactive compounds of plants for further research and pharmaceutical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":"19 2","pages":"79-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10545121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Insights on Drug Delivery System in Hypertension: From Bench to Market.","authors":"Gaurav Sharma,&nbsp;Abhishek Sharma","doi":"10.2174/1573402119666230707120846","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573402119666230707120846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension is a significant hazardous aspect for several diseases, like cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and brain disease. Hypertension has become the most lethal condition globally, affecting approximately 1 billion people aged around 30-79 years worldwide. In the year 2022, India was ranked 170th for men and 193rd for women for HTN diagnosis rates among 200 countries worldwide. The main risk factor for cardiac failure and stroke is hypertension. The conventional classes of antihypertensive medications currently available have some side effects. Previously, hypertension has been discussed by various researchers using conventional drug-targeting methods such as ACE inhibitors, aldosterone inhibitors, or renin inhibitors. Recently, novel drug delivery technologies utilizing nanoparticles and new pharmacological classes like ACE2 and APA inhibitors have been studied for the medication of hypertension. In this review, we have covered the epidemiology of hypertension in India, its pathophysiology, medications used in the management of hypertension using nanotechnology, and antihypertensive drugs currently available in the market that are approved and patented. Finally, we have covered how hypertension can be managed with the help of smart devices and artificial intelligence (AI) for improved therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":"19 2","pages":"93-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10194890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}