{"title":"Orthostatic Hypotension in Older Adults: A Narrative Review of Causes, Drug Impacts, and Management Strategies.","authors":"Vishal Bhati, Payal Mittal","doi":"10.2174/0115734021380889250919160828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734021380889250919160828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a prevalent disorder among the elderly, characterized by a marked decrease in blood pressure upon standing. It impacts 10-30% of elderly individuals and is linked to falls, cognitive deterioration, and cardiovascular issues. The primary factors include aging, autonomic dysfunction, and pharmaceutical usage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This narrative review consolidates and examines contemporary research regarding the etiology, pharmacological effects, diagnosis, and treatment of orthostatic hypotension in elderly adults. A systematic technique was not employed; rather, expert analysis of the existing literature was utilized to distill essential ideas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OH in the elderly is frequently complex. Frequently involved drugs encompass diuretics, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, antidepressants, and antiparkinsonian ther-apies. These medications, within the framework of age-associated physiological alterations, elevate the risk of orthostatic hypotension. The diagnosis relies on monitoring blood pressure during changes in posture. Non-pharmacological interventions, including water, sodium consumption, compression garments, and physical movements, constitute first-line therapies. In chronic in-stances, pharmacological treatments such as midodrine, droxidopa, and fludrocortisone may be employed, albeit with vigilant monitoring due to potential deleterious effects.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>OH significantly affects the autonomy and quality of life of elderly individuals. Med-ication-induced orthostatic hypotension is frequently disregarded, particularly in the context of polypharmacy. Customized management, encompassing drug evaluation and integrated therapy approaches, is crucial. Clinical monitoring and regular orthostatic evaluations are essential for prompt diagnosis and management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Effective OH management requires a personalized, multidisciplinary approach. Fu-ture research should focus on identifying reliable diagnostic biomarkers and developing individu-alized treatment algorithms to improve patient outcomes and support healthy aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Mixed-Methods Investigation of Sleep Quality and Hypertension Among Adults Attending an Outpatient Department in Thailand.","authors":"Cherdpong Wongwaipanich, Kasidid Lawongsa","doi":"10.2174/0115734021409893250924122230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734021409893250924122230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sleep problems are increasingly recognized as a factor that may contribute to high blood pressure. Evidence in Asian populations, however, remains limited. This study explored the link between sleep quality and hypertension in middle-aged adults through a mixed-methods design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sequential approach was used, beginning with a cross-sectional survey of 492 adults aged 35-60 years who attended the outpatient clinic at Phramongkutklao Hospital. Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, while blood pressure was measured by standard procedures. Logistic regression identified predictors of hypertension. In the second phase, 15 participants with poor sleep and/or hypertension were interviewed, and transcripts were analyzed thematically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Poor sleep quality (PSQI >5) was strongly associated with hypertension (adjusted OR 7.54; 95% CI: 3.33-17.06; p < 0.001). Older age, alcohol use, and a family history of hypertension also emerged as independent risk factors. The qualitative findings highlighted three recurring issues: lifestyle and psychological obstacles to adequate sleep, low awareness of the connection between sleep and blood pressure, and limited counseling on sleep health in routine care.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results emphasize the importance of sleep as a modifiable risk factor for hypertension. The lack of awareness among patients and insufficient advice from healthcare providers point to gaps in current practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Poor sleep quality is a strong predictor of hypertension among middle-aged adults. Incorporating sleep assessment and education into outpatient services may help improve the prevention and management of hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mokanpally Sandeep, M Surya Durga Prasad, Sree Sudha Tanguturi Yella, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, B R Shamanna, Dandge Shailendra
{"title":"Prevalence of Non-Adherence to Antihypertensive Medication in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 18,808 Hypertensive Patients.","authors":"Mokanpally Sandeep, M Surya Durga Prasad, Sree Sudha Tanguturi Yella, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, B R Shamanna, Dandge Shailendra","doi":"10.2174/0115734021377630250903105143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734021377630250903105143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypertension is a major contributor to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide, as highlighted by the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD 2021). Effective management of hypertension through medication can significantly lower the risks associated with the condition. It is important to recognize that not adhering to antihypertensive therapy often leads to negative health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a thorough search of databases such as \"Embase, PubMed, Web of Sci-ence, Cochrane Library, EBSCOHost, and Scopus\" from their inception up to December 4th, 2023. This search focused on studies involving patients with hypertension. Our review specifically tar-geted studies conducted in India, published in English, and focused on the prevalence of non-ad-herence to antihypertensive medication. We used a random-effects model to pool the findings and assessed heterogeneity using the I2 statistic, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify areas with a higher prevalence. This review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024489527).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review included 40 studies from India, encompassing 18,808 patients with hyperten-sion. The pooled prevalence of non-adherence to antihypertensive medication was 48% (95% CI 39%-56%, PI = 9%-90%), with a high degree of heterogeneity (I2=98%). Meta-regression showed that non-adherence was linked to younger age (p<0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed a varying prevalence across India, with the eastern region showing the highest prevalence at 76% (95% CI 31%-96%), followed by the order East > North > West > South (p < 0.01). A higher prevalence was also observed in community settings (51%) and rural areas (57%).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings of this study shed light on the growing prevalence of nonadherence to anti-hypertensive medication among Indian hypertensive patients. Nonadherence patterns vary across settings and contexts, reinforcing the need for more longitudinal studies and context-specific, tar-geted interventions. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant reduction in heterogeneity, high-lighting the need for more qualitative studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given the high and regionally variable prevalence of non-adherence to antihyperten-sive medication in India, it is crucial to develop localized strategies to improve adherence to hy-pertension treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maximiliano Correa Lara, Jaime García Chavez, Erika Martinez Hernandez
{"title":"Elevated Hypertension Risk among Mexican Patients with Hemophilia.","authors":"Maximiliano Correa Lara, Jaime García Chavez, Erika Martinez Hernandez","doi":"10.2174/0115734021369234250830084508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734021369234250830084508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Epidemiological evidence suggests that people with hemophilia (PWH) have a higher prevalence of comorbidities compared to the general population. However, the incidence and risk of comorbidities, particularly hypertension, among Mexican PWH remain underexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on adult PWH at a major hemophilia treatment center in Mexico. The objective was to determine the prevalence of comorbidities, with a focus on hypertension, by comparing PWH to a control group and assessing the impact of hemophilia severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 223 PWH were evaluated. Patients with mild hemophilia had a higher likelihood of being overweight (OR 2.77, 95% CI: 1.397-5.496), those with moderate hemophilia also had a higher likelihood of being overweight (OR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.129-5.189), and those with severe hemophilia showed an increased risk of hypertension (OR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.006-2.119). A simple linear regression analysis revealed a weak association between coagulation factor activity and body mass index (p = 0.235, R² = 0.006).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The increased odds of hypertension in severe hemophilia and the lack of age as a significant confounder support the hypothesis that hemophilia-specific factors contribute to this elevated risk. The existing literature suggests that chronic inflammation stemming from recurrent joint bleeds and subsequent arthropathy can lead to vascular changes. Recent evidence of elevated pro-inflammatory markers in PWH further strengthens this link, indicating a systemic inflammatory state that extends beyond the joints and may impact cardiovascular regulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This first retrospective cross-sectional study on Mexican PWH supports findings from other populations, indicating an elevated risk of hypertension and overweight in these patients, independent of obesity or diabetes mellitus. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms driving this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advancing Pediatric Hypertension: Mechanism Insights, Clinical Trials and Innovation.","authors":"Monika Verma, Smita Narwal, Gurvirender Singh, Nisha Grewal, Neha Yadav, Dushyant -, Ashwani K Dhingra","doi":"10.2174/0115734021400792250807110550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734021400792250807110550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric hypertension (PH) is an emerging global public health issue, increasingly linked to genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Early-onset hypertension is associated with progressive long-term cardiovascular problems. This overview outlines the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, treatment modalities, and current clinical studies related to hypertension in children and adolescents. A methodical search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using specific preset keywords. Recent high-quality peer-reviewed studies, trials, and reviews from the past decade were highlighted. The primary factors are genetic predisposition, renal artery stenosis, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), obesity, metabolic syndrome, and sodium excess. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications and pharmacological intervention with ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, beta-blockers, and diuretics. Recent clinical trials have provided insights into the safety and efficacy of therapies. The effective management of pediatric hypertension relies on prompt identification and individualized treatment. In future studies, priority should be given to precision medicine, long-term follow-up data, and the utilization of technological resources for surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria J Sanchez, Agustin J Ramirez, Ramiro A Sanchez
{"title":"Ambulatory Central Blood Pressure Allows the Confirmation of True Hypertension in the Young.","authors":"Maria J Sanchez, Agustin J Ramirez, Ramiro A Sanchez","doi":"10.2174/0115734021373638250811221313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734021373638250811221313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>True isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) in youth must be evaluated by central blood pressure to avoid false or spurious hypertension. The purpose of this study was to perform a reliable assessment to confirm true hypertension and assess target organ damage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-eight early diagnosed, untreated systolic hypertensive patients with office BP and 24-h ABPM (25±4, 32 male) underwent central blood pressure evaluation with a non-invasive, validated Mobil-O-Graph device. In all of them, left ventricular mass (LVMi echocardiogram), pulse wave velocity (PWV), cardiac index, peripheral vascular resistance, and urinary albumin excretion were recorded at the beginning of the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All spurious systolic hypertensives had normal LVMi, cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance, and urinary albumin excretion (UE), whereas true hypertensives showed a hyperkinetic behavior (high cardiac output) and early target organ damage (increased LVMi and higher urinary albumin excretion) at the time of observation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In this study, young patients with elevated cBP had left ventricular mass index and urinary albumin excretion higher than those with normal cBP. This observation suggests that this group of subjects are true hypertensives, contrary to the claim of being spurious hypertensives. Spurious hypertension should not be underestimated because it could be a temporary condition, since other authors have found that ISH and normal cSBP in adolescents may progress to sustained hypertension and hypertensive organ damage, thus requiring close monitoring.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, central blood pressure was able to define true or spurious hypertension and confirm target organ damage in this youth cohort. A multicentric study will be of interest to confirm these preliminary findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marieh Nafisi, Soghra Farzipour, Bahare Gholami-Chaboki, Seyed Mehdi Mousavi, Fatemeh Baharvand, Zobin Souri, Amir Savarrakhsh, Fatemeh Jalali-Zefrei
{"title":"Evaluation of Left Ventricular Function in Diabetic Patients: Insights from Dipyridamole-induced Heart Rate Variability and G-SPECT Imaging Techniques.","authors":"Marieh Nafisi, Soghra Farzipour, Bahare Gholami-Chaboki, Seyed Mehdi Mousavi, Fatemeh Baharvand, Zobin Souri, Amir Savarrakhsh, Fatemeh Jalali-Zefrei","doi":"10.2174/0115734021363888250805114639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734021363888250805114639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Left Ventricular Dysfunction (LVD) is a frequent complication in Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, often worsened by cardiovascular disease. This study explores the role of dipyridamole (DP)-induced heart rate variability and G-SPECT imaging in evaluating LVD in DM patients.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between heart rate ratio (HRR) during DP stress and LVD parameters derived from gated SPECT (G-SPECT) in DM patients, aiming to identify if HRR can serve as a marker for early LVD assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of 125 patients referred for cardiac scanning. Patients were grouped by diabetic status and HRR (≤ 1.2 vs. > 1.2) post-DP. G-SPECT-derived left ventricular parameters were compared between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>G-SPECT showed that peak filling rate (PFR) was higher in non-DM patients. In the HRR ≤ 1.2 group, DM patients had significantly higher end-diastolic volume (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) than non-DM patients (EDV: 66.41±31 vs. 51.34±18, p-value:0.009; ESV: 27.88±11.21 vs. 18.63±15.5, p- p-value: 0.015).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study evaluated the role of heart rate response during dipyridamole stress testing combined with G-SPECT imaging in assessing left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) in diabetic patients. The findings indicate that changes in ventricular volume parameters, along with heart rate response, may serve as early markers of cardiac impairment, potentially facilitating earlier detection and improved management of cardiac complications in this population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reduced HRR during DP stress, combined with G-SPECT, may aid in the assessment of LVD in DM patients, potentially facilitating earlier diagnostic insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential Therapeutic Effects of Flavonoids in Cardiovascular Disorders: Review.","authors":"Sonia Singh, Ashima Ahuja, Mahima Varshney","doi":"10.2174/0115734021373759250730062326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734021373759250730062326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Flavonoids in various fruits and vegetables exert multifaceted biological effects. They are widely explored for cardiovascular, antitumor, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. Flavonoid cardioprotection is helpful in the management of myocardial injury, stroke, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and ischemia. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a global threat in recent years due to increased mortality and morbidity rates. The increased mortality due to CVD among women, children, and poor economic groups has boosted the socio-economic burden on health care. Various researchers have explored the commercial applications of flavonoids, including quercetin, apigenin, luteolin, and catechin, as dietary supplements.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The findings were searched in the Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and PubChem databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preclinical and clinical investigations have promoted the safety of flavonoids, such as apigenin and quercetin, for use as nutraceuticals that promote health. Flavonoids and their potential mechanisms of action and clinical applications offer insights for researchers and scientists to explore in the fields of medical and nanomedicine sciences. Nanomedicine, like liposomes, carbon nanotubes, nanosponges, and nanoparticles containing flavonoids, is used for its efficacy, potency, and target delivery.</p><p><strong>Discussions: </strong>Flavonols have the potential to regulate vasodilation and prevent apoptosis. Furthermore, their supplementation may reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications. Flavonoids function as antioxidants and exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects by mediating inflammatory pathways, thereby contributing to the management of cardiovascular complications. Emerging evidence from researchers suggests flavonoids improve endothelial function and reduce blood pressure. Furthermore, flavonoids derived from cocoa, such as catechins, and those found in tea also enhance endothelial function. Nanosystems can enhance the solubility, permeability, and effectiveness of flavonoids as antioxidants, while also promoting controlled drug delivery. Nanoformulations can enhance the effects of morin, rutin, quercetin, and other flavonoids, significantly improving therapeutic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings offer researchers and scientists a novel technological approach utilizing flavonoids to address metabolic syndromes and related health conditions, thereby supporting personalized care and improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamed Tavolinejad, Bianca Pourmussa, Julio A Chirinos
{"title":"Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index as a Marker of Arterial Stiffness: Principles, Application, and Clinical Utility.","authors":"Hamed Tavolinejad, Bianca Pourmussa, Julio A Chirinos","doi":"10.2174/0115734021387484250623090403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734021387484250623090403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large artery stiffness (LAS) is widely recognized as a highly clinically relevant deter-minant of cardiovascular health and an independent prognostic marker. However, routine assess-ment of LAS has not yet been integrated into clinical practice. Arterial wall stiffness is dependent on distending pressure (i.e., mean arterial pressure), which may confound the interpretation of in-dividual measurements. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is an index of arterial stiffness designed to mitigate the dependence of pulse wave velocity on blood pressure. However, because CAVI incorporates pulse wave velocity measured between the heart and the ankle, it is influenced by both the stiffness of the aorta and medium-sized muscular arteries. Several observational, lon-gitudinal studies have demonstrated that higher CAVI is associated with cardiovascular events and mortality, although most available data are derived from Asian populations. Future studies of CAVI are needed to establish its prognostic value in addition to traditionally used cardiovascular risk factors in the setting of primary prevention. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the definition, theoretical principles, practical considerations, key strengths and limitations, and the clinical utility of CAVI.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nanotechnology-Enhanced Transdermal Patches for Hypertension: A Review.","authors":"Nishant Yadav, Parveen Kumar, Thakur Gurjeet Singh, Sushma Devi","doi":"10.2174/0115734021373953250416105243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734021373953250416105243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) is one of the controlled drug delivery sys-tems whose purpose is to deliver medication through the skin at a predetermined and regulated rate. Nanotechnology has enhanced the skin's absorption of lipophilic, low-molecular-weight med-icines with low-dose efficacy, making transdermal drug delivery systems a viable technique for treating various conditions. TDDS permits greater skin permeation of hydrophilic drugs, and sci-entists are studying macromolecules to improve disease treatment and vaccine development. While additional study is needed to determine nanocarrier safety, this approach could increase the usage of transdermal routes for administering hypertension medicines. As hypertension remains the most prevalent form of cardiovascular illness, we focus on how nanoparticles as skin delivery methods might be used to better treat this global problem. In addition, patients may not be willing to comply with traditional doses due to the greater frequency of drug administration necessary for long-term care of hypertension conditions. Transdermal drug delivery has provided numerous benefits to the medical community since its inception. These benefits include the drug's non-invasive nature, ex-tended therapeutic effect, reduced adverse effects, greater bioavailability, improved patient com-pliance, and simple termination. This review aims to explore the potential of several antihyperten-sive drugs for transdermal delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}