Hypertension and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Narrative Review.

Hypertension remains the primary driver of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) and mortality. Dyslipidaemia is a common risk factor for CVDs in hypertensive patients, and their coexistence significantly increases the risk of CVDs. Furthermore, epidemiologic studies indicate that there are U-shaped curves between cholesterol levels of HDL-C and CVDs-related mortality in patients with hypertension, in which CVDs are paradoxically increased in those with elevated HDLC levels. On the one hand, HDL-C levels and HDL particle function are associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of hypertension. On the other hand, hypertension leads to lower HDL-C levels and worse HDL function through various changes in HDL granule proteome and liposome. In view of these findings, the relationship between hypertension and HDL-C necessitates a renewed analysis. This study summarizes the findings from clinical trials and basic research to determine the relationship between HDL-C and hypertension.