Current Hypertension Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Targeting Hypertension: A Review on Pathophysiological Factors and Treatment Strategies.","authors":"Ruhani Raj, Minakshi Garg, Anupreet Kaur","doi":"10.2174/0115734021293403240309165336","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734021293403240309165336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension is one of the primary causes of cardiovascular diseases and death, with a higher prevalence in low- and middle-income countries. The pathophysiology of hypertension remains complex, with 2% to 5% of patients having underlying renal or adrenal disorders. The rest are referred to as essential hypertension, with derangements in various physiological mechanisms potentially contributing to the development of essential hypertension. Hypertension elevates the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke) and mortality. First-line therapy for hypertension is lifestyle change, which includes weight loss, a balanced diet that includes low salt and high potassium intake, physical exercise, and limitation or elimination of alcohol use. Blood pressure-lowering effects of individual lifestyle components are partially additive, enhancing the efficacy of pharmaceutical treatment. The choice to begin antihypertensive medication should be based on the level of blood pressure and the existence of a high atherosclerotic CVD risk. First-line hypertension treatment includes a thiazide or thiazide-like diuretic, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker. Addressing hypertension will require continued efforts to improve access to diagnosis, treatment, and lifestyle interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"70-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140176994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xanthine Oxidoreductase in the Pathogenesis of Endothelial Dysfunction: An Update.","authors":"Rajat Mudgal, Sanjiv Singh","doi":"10.2174/0115734021277772240124075120","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734021277772240124075120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of uric acid (UA) and is involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overproduction of ROS has been linked to the pathogenesis of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease, with multiple studies over the last 30 years demonstrating that XOR inhibition is beneficial. The involvement of XOR and its constituents in the advancement of chronic inflammation and ROS, which are responsible for endothelial dysfunction, is the focus of this evidence-based review. An overabundance of XOR products and ROS appears to drive the inflammatory response, resulting in significant endothelium damage. It has also been demonstrated that XOR activity and ED are connected. Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease are all associated with endothelial dysfunction. ROS mainly modifies the activity of vascular cells and can be important in normal vascular physiology as well as the development of vascular disease. Suppressing XOR activity appears to decrease endothelial dysfunction, probably because it lessens the generation of reactive oxygen species and the oxidative stress brought on by XOR. Although there has long been a link between higher vascular XOR activity and worse clinical outcomes, new research suggests a different picture in which positive results are mediated by XOR enzymatic activity. Here in this study, we aimed to review the association between XOR and vascular endothelial dysfunction. The prevention and treatment approaches against vascular endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerotic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"10-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139693195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The New Editor-In-Chief Note.","authors":"Guido Grassi","doi":"10.2174/157340212002240905120543","DOIUrl":"10.2174/157340212002240905120543","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of COVID-19 and Arterial Stiffness Assessed using Cardiovascular Index (CAVI).","authors":"Valery Podzolkov, Anna Bragina, Aida Tarzimanova, Lyubov Vasilyeva, Ilya Shvedov, Natalya Druzhinina, Yulia Rodionova, Tatiana Ishina, Iuliia Akyol, Valentina Maximova, Alexandr Cherepanov","doi":"10.2174/0115734021279173240110095037","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734021279173240110095037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 is characterized by an acute inflammatory response with the formation of endothelial dysfunction and may affect arterial stiffness. Studies of cardio-ankle vascular index in COVID-19 patients with considered cardiovascular risk factors have not been conducted.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of our study was to assess the association between cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 in hospitalized patients adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study included 174 people hospitalized with a diagnosis of moderate COVID-19 and 94 people without COVID-19. Significant differences in the cardio-ankle vascular index values measured by VaSera VS - 1500N between the two groups were analyzed using parametric (Student's t-criterion) and nonparametric (Mann-Whitney) criteria. Independent association between COVID-19 and an increased cardio-ankle vascular index ≥ 9.0 adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors was assessed by multivariate logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significantly higher values of the right cardio-ankle vascular index 8.10 [7.00;9.40] and the left cardio-ankle vascular index 8.10 [6.95;9.65] in patients undergoing inpatient treatment for COVID-19 than in the control group - 7.55 [6.60;8.60] and 7.60 [6.60;8.70], respectively. A multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for age, hypertension, plasma glucose level, glomerular filtration rate and diabetes mellitus showed a significant association between increased cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 (OR 2.41 [CI 1.09;5.30]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher cardio-ankle vascular index values compared to the control group. An association between an increased cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 was revealed, independent of age, hypertension, plasma glucose level, glomerular filtration rate and diabetes mellitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"44-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11092554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139520117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Novelty of using Obesity Indices as Blood Pressure Predictors.","authors":"Buthaina Alkhatib, Lana M Agraib, Islam Al-Shami, Anfal Al-Dalaeen","doi":"10.2174/0115734021277171231114103758","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734021277171231114103758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To study the association between selected obesity indices, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study on 491 Jordanian adults (19-65 years old). The sociodemographic data, anthropometrics, and blood pressure were measured and recorded. Obesity indices (Conicity Index (CI), Abdominal volume index (AVI), Body Roundness Index (BRI), and Weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI)) were calculated using standard validated formulas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on age, the SBP had a significant moderate correlation with BRI and AVI in all age groups. In the age group 20 to 34 years, SBP had a significantly moderate correlation with CI, and DBP had a significantly moderate correlation with BRI and AVI. In the age group 35 to 44 years, DBP had a significantly moderate correlation with CI, BRI, WWI, and AVI. For the age group 45 to 65 years, the SBP had a significantly moderate correlation with all the obesity indexes, opposite to DBP. Obesity indices explain 23.6% to 24.1% of the changeability in SBP, and one unit increase in them resulted in an increase in SBP range from 0.61 ± 0.14 to 19.88 ± 4.45. For DBP, obesity indices explained 15.9% to 16.3% of the variability in DBP, and raising them by one unit led to an increase in the DBP range from 0.27 ± 0.11 to 10.08 ± 4.83.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All the studied obesity indices impacted SBP and DBP with the highest reported effect for AVI and BRI and a lower impact for WWI. The impact of obesity indices on DBP was affected by age group.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"36-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138463474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertension Management in Peripheral Artery Disease: A Mini Review.","authors":"A Kharawala, S Nagraj, S Pargaonkar, J Seo, D G Kokkinidis, S E Altin","doi":"10.2174/0115734021267004231122061712","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734021267004231122061712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects over 230 million adults globally, with hypertension being one of the major risk factors for the development of PAD. Despite the high prevalence, patients with hypertension who have concomitant PAD are less likely to receive adequate therapy. Through this review, we present the current evidence underlying hypertension management in PAD, guideline-directed therapies, and areas pending further investigation. Multiple studies have shown that both high and relatively lower blood pressure levels are associated with worse health outcomes, including increased morbidity and mortality. Hence, guideline-directed recommendation involves cautious management of hypertensive patients with PAD while ensuring hypotension does not occur. Although any antihypertensive medication can be used to treat these patients, the 2017 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC), 2017 European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and 2022 Canadian guidelines favor the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) as the initial choice. Importantly, data on blood pressure targets and treatment of hypertension in PAD are limited and largely stem from sub-group studies and post-hoc analysis. Large randomized trials in patients with PAD are required in the future to delineate hypertension management in this complex patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138811923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyphenol-Mediated Modulation of Non-Coding RNAs: A New Therapeutic Approach for Hypertension - A Review.","authors":"Ilgiz Gareev, Ozal Beylerli, Tatiana Ilyasova, Chunlei Wang","doi":"10.2174/0115734021334958240903072642","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734021334958240903072642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension (HTN) is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and a major contributor to global morbidity and mortality. Conventional pharmacological treatments have been effective but are often accompanied by side effects and do not address all pathological aspects of the disease. Recent advances in molecular biology have identified non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), as key regulators in the pathogenesis of hypertension. These ncRNAs influence various cellular processes, such as gene expression, vascular tone, and inflammation, making them promising targets for therapeutic intervention. This review explores the potential of polyphenols, a diverse group of phytochemicals with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, in modulating ncRNA expression and function. We discuss how polyphenols, such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, curcumin, and quercetin impact the regulation of ncRNAs, particularly focusing on their roles in reducing oxidative stress, improving endothelial function, and ameliorating vascular remodeling associated with hypertension. The review synthesizes current evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies, highlighting significant findings and the mechanisms by which polyphenols exert their effects on ncRNA-mediated pathways. Moreover, we address the challenges of translating these findings into clinical applications, including issues related to bioavailability, dosing, and the complex interactions of polyphenols with other cellular components. Future directions for research are suggested, with an emphasis on the need for comprehensive clinical trials to establish the efficacy of polyphenol-based therapies targeting ncRNAs in hypertension management. By targeting ncRNAs, polyphenols offer a novel therapeutic strategy that could enhance the treatment landscape for hypertension and potentially other cardiovascular conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"127-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronous Bilateral Brachial Blood Pressure Measurements Increased Orthostatic Hypotension Detection in the Elderly.","authors":"Jianying Zhang, Xia Gao, Benxu Ma, Lili Liu, Huanmin Gao","doi":"10.2174/0115734021269751231204114902","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734021269751231204114902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common clinical sign, but its detection rate is low, and it is difficult to repeat because there is no standardized screening method available.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to establish a method for detecting blood pressure and assess whether it could increase the OH detection rate in the elderly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From May to October, 2022, 178 patients with symptomatic OH and 286 subjects with asymptomatic OH were selected. BP from the bilateral brachial artery was measured using two electronic sphygmomanometers on both arms at the same time, in the order of supine, sitting, and standing at 0-3 min. OH should meet 20/10 mmHg, standing BP minus sitting BP. The OH detection rates were calculated and compared. The symptomatic OH group was more often older, slimmer, had lower ADL scores, and contained fewer smokers (all P< 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The detection rate of the symptomatic OH group using the modified method was 59.55%, which was higher than that of the routine method (34.83% vs. 59.55%, P<0.05). The detection rate using the modified method in the OH group with asymptomatic OH was 20.63%, which was higher than that of the routine method (20.63% vs. 5.59%, P< 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Synchronous measurement of bilateral brachial artery BP in supine, sitting, and standing positions increased the detection rate of OH in the elderly.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Hypertension in Children.","authors":"Francesca Mainieri, Veronica Maria Tagi, Francesco Chiarelli","doi":"10.2174/0115734021305332240712103602","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734021305332240712103602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension is a real problem in children. It shows a tracking behaviour, representing a key risk factor for hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and end-organ failure in adulthood. However, the importance of addressing arterial hypertension in children is not limited to its risk of tracking into adulthood. Thus, early detection and management are crucial. Hypertension may be primary or due to secondary causes, and identification of this distinction is very important for the treatment setting. Importantly, the management of hypertension in children is crucial to prevent the well-known cardiovascular effects in adulthood. As demonstrated in the literature, healthy eating habits, together with regular physical activity, can have a major impact on reducing high blood pressure and preventing organ damage in children and adolescents. However, suppose these are not sufficient to treat hypertension. In that case, if patients are symptomatic and/or have additional metabolic conditions such as obesity, type diabetes mellitus, or chronic kidney disease, anti-hypertensive medication must be started. Recent guidelines have provided clear guidance on the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive crisis in pediatric age. On the other hand, there are currently few specific recommendations on the treatment of isolated nocturnal hypertension and treatment- resistant hypertension. This review aims to summarize the most recent recommendations for the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive crisis in children and the last years' knowledge and experience in treating childhood isolated nocturnal hypertension and resistant hypertension of childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"80-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141761601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational Hypertension: A Contemporary Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Approaches.","authors":"Sunita, Rahul Kaushik, Praveen Kumar Gaur, Krishan Kumar Verma","doi":"10.2174/0115734021312990241115045601","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734021312990241115045601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia are frequently encountered conditions in pregnancy, often occurring around the time of delivery. Mild cases of these conditions in the near term typically result in few complications for both the mother and the newborn. However, women diagnosed with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia need careful monitoring of both maternal and fetal well-being throughout pregnancy, and those with severe symptoms should receive hospital- based management. Preeclampsia is associated with endothelial dysfunction in the mother, prolonged immunological activation, fetal development limitation, hypertension with or without proteinuria, and endothelial dysfunction after week twenty of pregnancy. Pregnancy-related hypertension raises concerns, although the main issues are related to the progression of the condition to pre-eclampsia or eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. In this review, the cross-sectional study of gestational hypertension is evaluated, and the treatment approaches are highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"117-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142733178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}