Current Hypertension Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Resistance Training Reduces Blood Pressure: Putative Molecular Mechanisms.","authors":"Bruno Ferreira Mendes, Alex Cleber Improta-Caria, Caique Olegário Diniz E Magalhães, Marco Fabricio Dias Peixoto, Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas, Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira, Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa","doi":"10.2174/0115734021277791240102041632","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734021277791240102041632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arterial hypertension is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by higher blood pressure levels. The main treatment for controlling high blood pressure consists of drug therapy, but the scientific literature has been pointing to the efficiency of aerobic and resistance exercises acting in a therapeutic and/or preventive way to reduce and control the blood pressure levels. Resistance training is characterized by sets and repetitions on a given muscle segment that uses overload, such as machine weights, bars, and dumbbells. As it successfully affects a number of variables associated to practitioners' functional and physiological features as well as emotional and social variables, resistance training has been a crucial part of physical exercise programs. Several reports highlight the various adaptive responses it provides, with a focus on the improvement in strength, balance, and muscular endurance that enables a more active and healthy lifestyle. Resistance training programs that are acute, sub-chronic, or chronic can help people with varying ages, conditions, and pathologies reduce their arterial hypertension. However, molecular mechanisms associated with resistance training to reduce blood pressure still need to be better understood. Thus, we aimed to understand the main effects of resistance training on blood pressure as well as the associated molecular mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139520083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xanthine Oxidoreductase in the Pathogenesis of Endothelial Dysfunction: An Update.","authors":"Rajat Mudgal, Sanjiv Singh","doi":"10.2174/0115734021277772240124075120","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734021277772240124075120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of uric acid (UA) and is involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overproduction of ROS has been linked to the pathogenesis of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease, with multiple studies over the last 30 years demonstrating that XOR inhibition is beneficial. The involvement of XOR and its constituents in the advancement of chronic inflammation and ROS, which are responsible for endothelial dysfunction, is the focus of this evidence-based review. An overabundance of XOR products and ROS appears to drive the inflammatory response, resulting in significant endothelium damage. It has also been demonstrated that XOR activity and ED are connected. Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease are all associated with endothelial dysfunction. ROS mainly modifies the activity of vascular cells and can be important in normal vascular physiology as well as the development of vascular disease. Suppressing XOR activity appears to decrease endothelial dysfunction, probably because it lessens the generation of reactive oxygen species and the oxidative stress brought on by XOR. Although there has long been a link between higher vascular XOR activity and worse clinical outcomes, new research suggests a different picture in which positive results are mediated by XOR enzymatic activity. Here in this study, we aimed to review the association between XOR and vascular endothelial dysfunction. The prevention and treatment approaches against vascular endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerotic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139693195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Novelty of using Obesity Indices as Blood Pressure Predictors.","authors":"Buthaina Alkhatib, Lana M Agraib, Islam Al-Shami, Anfal Al-Dalaeen","doi":"10.2174/0115734021277171231114103758","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734021277171231114103758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To study the association between selected obesity indices, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study on 491 Jordanian adults (19-65 years old). The sociodemographic data, anthropometrics, and blood pressure were measured and recorded. Obesity indices (Conicity Index (CI), Abdominal volume index (AVI), Body Roundness Index (BRI), and Weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI)) were calculated using standard validated formulas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on age, the SBP had a significant moderate correlation with BRI and AVI in all age groups. In the age group 20 to 34 years, SBP had a significantly moderate correlation with CI, and DBP had a significantly moderate correlation with BRI and AVI. In the age group 35 to 44 years, DBP had a significantly moderate correlation with CI, BRI, WWI, and AVI. For the age group 45 to 65 years, the SBP had a significantly moderate correlation with all the obesity indexes, opposite to DBP. Obesity indices explain 23.6% to 24.1% of the changeability in SBP, and one unit increase in them resulted in an increase in SBP range from 0.61 ± 0.14 to 19.88 ± 4.45. For DBP, obesity indices explained 15.9% to 16.3% of the variability in DBP, and raising them by one unit led to an increase in the DBP range from 0.27 ± 0.11 to 10.08 ± 4.83.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All the studied obesity indices impacted SBP and DBP with the highest reported effect for AVI and BRI and a lower impact for WWI. The impact of obesity indices on DBP was affected by age group.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138463474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of COVID-19 and Arterial Stiffness Assessed using Cardiovascular Index (CAVI).","authors":"Valery Podzolkov, Anna Bragina, Aida Tarzimanova, Lyubov Vasilyeva, Ilya Shvedov, Natalya Druzhinina, Yulia Rodionova, Tatiana Ishina, Iuliia Akyol, Valentina Maximova, Alexandr Cherepanov","doi":"10.2174/0115734021279173240110095037","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734021279173240110095037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 is characterized by an acute inflammatory response with the formation of endothelial dysfunction and may affect arterial stiffness. Studies of cardio-ankle vascular index in COVID-19 patients with considered cardiovascular risk factors have not been conducted.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of our study was to assess the association between cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 in hospitalized patients adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study included 174 people hospitalized with a diagnosis of moderate COVID-19 and 94 people without COVID-19. Significant differences in the cardio-ankle vascular index values measured by VaSera VS - 1500N between the two groups were analyzed using parametric (Student's t-criterion) and nonparametric (Mann-Whitney) criteria. Independent association between COVID-19 and an increased cardio-ankle vascular index ≥ 9.0 adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors was assessed by multivariate logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significantly higher values of the right cardio-ankle vascular index 8.10 [7.00;9.40] and the left cardio-ankle vascular index 8.10 [6.95;9.65] in patients undergoing inpatient treatment for COVID-19 than in the control group - 7.55 [6.60;8.60] and 7.60 [6.60;8.70], respectively. A multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for age, hypertension, plasma glucose level, glomerular filtration rate and diabetes mellitus showed a significant association between increased cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 (OR 2.41 [CI 1.09;5.30]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher cardio-ankle vascular index values compared to the control group. An association between an increased cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 was revealed, independent of age, hypertension, plasma glucose level, glomerular filtration rate and diabetes mellitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11092554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139520117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertension Management in Peripheral Artery Disease: A Mini Review.","authors":"A Kharawala, S Nagraj, S Pargaonkar, J Seo, D G Kokkinidis, S E Altin","doi":"10.2174/0115734021267004231122061712","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734021267004231122061712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects over 230 million adults globally, with hypertension being one of the major risk factors for the development of PAD. Despite the high prevalence, patients with hypertension who have concomitant PAD are less likely to receive adequate therapy. Through this review, we present the current evidence underlying hypertension management in PAD, guideline-directed therapies, and areas pending further investigation. Multiple studies have shown that both high and relatively lower blood pressure levels are associated with worse health outcomes, including increased morbidity and mortality. Hence, guideline-directed recommendation involves cautious management of hypertensive patients with PAD while ensuring hypotension does not occur. Although any antihypertensive medication can be used to treat these patients, the 2017 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC), 2017 European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and 2022 Canadian guidelines favor the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) as the initial choice. Importantly, data on blood pressure targets and treatment of hypertension in PAD are limited and largely stem from sub-group studies and post-hoc analysis. Large randomized trials in patients with PAD are required in the future to delineate hypertension management in this complex patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138811923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronous Bilateral Brachial Blood Pressure Measurements Increased Orthostatic Hypotension Detection in the Elderly.","authors":"Jianying Zhang, Xia Gao, Benxu Ma, Lili Liu, Huanmin Gao","doi":"10.2174/0115734021269751231204114902","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734021269751231204114902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common clinical sign, but its detection rate is low, and it is difficult to repeat because there is no standardized screening method available.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to establish a method for detecting blood pressure and assess whether it could increase the OH detection rate in the elderly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From May to October, 2022, 178 patients with symptomatic OH and 286 subjects with asymptomatic OH were selected. BP from the bilateral brachial artery was measured using two electronic sphygmomanometers on both arms at the same time, in the order of supine, sitting, and standing at 0-3 min. OH should meet 20/10 mmHg, standing BP minus sitting BP. The OH detection rates were calculated and compared. The symptomatic OH group was more often older, slimmer, had lower ADL scores, and contained fewer smokers (all P< 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The detection rate of the symptomatic OH group using the modified method was 59.55%, which was higher than that of the routine method (34.83% vs. 59.55%, P<0.05). The detection rate using the modified method in the OH group with asymptomatic OH was 20.63%, which was higher than that of the routine method (20.63% vs. 5.59%, P< 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Synchronous measurement of bilateral brachial artery BP in supine, sitting, and standing positions increased the detection rate of OH in the elderly.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139058878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2023 Challenges for the Management of Hypertension","authors":"K. Kario","doi":"10.2174/157340211901230309162453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/157340211901230309162453","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47934566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ca²⁺/cAMP Ratio as an Inflammatory Index.","authors":"Leandro Bueno Bergantin","doi":"10.2174/1573402119666221202145753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573402119666221202145753","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9656632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Risk Related to Glomerular Hyperfiltration in Nondiabetic Individuals: Increasing Visibility is Crucial.","authors":"Rodolfo Valtuille","doi":"10.2174/0115734021268893231116045914","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115734021268893231116045914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glomerular hyperfiltration (GHF), defined by different estimation formulas, has been widely studied as a predictor of proteinuria and progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in diabetic patients. GHF is also an important cardiovascular (CV) risk factor and is related to allcause mortality in non-diabetic populations; however, the upper limit of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) above which it indicates the presence of GHF is weakly defined. This higher risk is as high as in the intermediate stages of CKD and is greater than the presence of diabetes or smoking and is still present in non-albuminuria patients. The original Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) estimation GFR formula showed lower error at higher glomerular filtration (GF) values, was the most used in population studies, and behaved as a better risk predictor. In our review (including approximately 3.6 million individuals), higher GFR values related to increased mortality risk varied from 106.6 to 113.7 ml/min, which are usually not considered risk values for standard guidelines in non-albuminuric patients. However, the lack of consensus on a GF cutoff value, as well as its variability due to sex and progressive reduction with age, affect the knowledge of this serious phenomenon in clinical practice. Although the elderly population is not exempted from the effects of GHF, the search for this phenomenon should be intensified in middle-aged populations because of their lower disease burden, where this situation may be more evident, and the possibility of reversing the consequences is greater. A population group often considered healthy includes obese people, essential hypertensives, smokers, and carriers of fatty liver, where the GHF phenomenon is frequent and is associated with CV disease, kidney disease, and higher mortality. Increasing its visibility by the medical community is essential to reduce the effects of GHF, emphasizing more frequent controls and implementing general measures that include strict control of hypertension, Na restriction, rich in vegetables diets and increased physical activity. Initiatives to confirm the beneficial effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors to treat isolated GHF would be an important breakthrough in reducing the severe consequences of this phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138452825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimal Contribution of the Social Determinants of Health to the Prevalence of Hypertension among Egyptian Public Servants.","authors":"Ehab Salah Eshak,&nbsp;Nashwa Nabil Kamal,&nbsp;Nashaat Nabil Kamal","doi":"10.2174/1573402119666230302090924","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573402119666230302090924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous research suggests the role of social determinants of health (SDH) in the prevalence of hypertension.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to estimate the contribution of SDH to the prevalence of hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 3072 Egyptian public servants who answered a self-administered questionnaire, including hypertension history. We measured the participants' blood pressure with standardized procedures. The logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between SDH and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of hypertension was 28.2% (34.2% in males and 22.5% in females). The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was 16.3% (23.9% and 9.2%, respectively); thus, 57.8% of the hypertensive subjects were unaware of their high blood pressure status. SDH were associated with the odds of having hypertension in the unadjusted analyses. Higher education, being single, and having minor family members were associated with low odds of hypertension. On the other hand, non-professional occupations, job hours, household income, total family members, and work-family conflicts were associated with higher odds of hypertension. However, in the multivariable analyses, which included all SDH and adjusted for age, gender, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, medical history of chronic diseases, and family history of hypertension, only job hours were associated with the odds of having hypertension and undiagnosed hypertension: odds ratio (95% CI) = 1.07 (1.01-1.14) and 1.11 (1.02-1.20), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SDH contributed minimally to the odds of having hypertension among public officials in Minia, Egypt. Civil servants with long working hours should be tracked with regular blood pressure monitoring as a high-risk group for hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":45941,"journal":{"name":"Current Hypertension Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10198788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}