Space Policy最新文献_第3页

Developing safety-zone rules: Based on an institutional choice framework 制定安全区规则：基于制度选择框架

IF 2 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101649

Xiaodao Li , Jie Long

{"title":"Developing safety-zone rules: Based on an institutional choice framework","authors":"Xiaodao Li , Jie Long","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under Section 11 of the Artemis Accords, signatories propose the establishment of safety zones to prevent harmful interference and emphasise the imperative to develop relevant rules in the future. However, existing research fails to shed light on whether the chosen institutions by signatories are suitable for addressing safety-zone issues and which institutions should be developed to tackle future safety-zone concerns. Current theories, such as institutional design theory, do not comprehensively summarise the various types of institutions and strategies for their selection. Therefore, this paper presents an institutional choice framework to address these research gaps. Within this research framework, establishing international institutions is perceived as a selection process among different types of institutions. Drawing from previous studies, the framework outlines sixteen distinct institution types, six crucial features of institutions, and three strategies for selecting suitable institutions. After proposing the framework, this study employs it to analyse existing safety-zone rules, identify the optimal institution of safety zones, and devise strategies for making institutional choices. The contribution of this study lies in advancing institutional design theory and facilitating research on safety-zone rules while providing insights for constructing international institutions in other domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 101649"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141699472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A model for economic freedom on Mars 火星上经济自由的典范

IF 2 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101652

Jacob Haqq-Misra

{"title":"A model for economic freedom on Mars","authors":"Jacob Haqq-Misra","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The momentum of human spaceflight initiatives continues to build toward Mars, and technological advances may eventually enable the potential for permanent space settlement. Aspirations for sustaining human life in space must be predicated on human factors, rather than technological constraints alone, and advances in models of governance and ethics are necessary as human civilization becomes a spacefaring species. This paper presents an idealistic but feasible model for economic freedom on Mars, which is situated within a framework in which Mars has been designated as a sovereign juridical peer to Earth. Under such conditions, Mars could maintain monetary stability through full reserve banking and a restriction on exchange with any fractional reserve Earth currencies, with a volume of circulating currency that changes based on the total population within fixed capacity infrastructure. Mars could maintain long-term political stability by diffusing the ownership of capital on Mars, which would allow all citizens of Mars to draw sufficient wealth from a combination of capital ownership and labor to live a good life. This model could also support limited tourism on Mars, in which real goods are exchanged for services but currency transactions between planets are prohibited. This model demonstrates the potential for a viable and sustainable economy on Mars that could conceivably be implemented, including on a sovereign Mars but also in other scenarios of space settlement. More broadly, this model illustrates that ideas such as diffuse capital ownership and limited government can enable freedom in space, and numerous models beyond a centralized world space agency should be explored to ensure the optimal governance of the emerging space economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 101652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inoculating Enceladus 接种恩克拉多斯

IF 2 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101650

Charles S. Cockell , Holley Conte , M Dale Stokes

{"title":"Inoculating Enceladus","authors":"Charles S. Cockell , Holley Conte , M Dale Stokes","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The discovery of environments in the Solar System that possess conditions capable of supporting known types of life raises the question of whether they could be deliberately inoculated in order to study the process of the emergence of biospheres. We discuss the case of Enceladus, the first planetary body to convincingly be shown to possess all the requirements for habitability in the present-day, and consider ways in which inoculation would be achieved. We present examples of the scientific questions that might be investigated. The compelling science that could be done shows how habitable worlds will create new ethical questions. As we might not have certainty on their status as being uninhabited, we would have to decide on a principled objection to any inoculation experiments or whether some level of confidence in their status as being uninhabited, determined by a suitable sampling regimen, would allow for inoculation. As the inoculation of extraterrestrial oceans, causing planetary scale changes, might be accomplished in a far shorter time scale than, for example, the more speculative terraforming of a planet such as Mars, the scientific possibilities and their attendant ethical challenges potentially represent a near-term challenge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 101650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Orbit Bound. Predictors of ‘readiness to space’ and government support 轨道约束。太空准备状态 "和政府支持的预测因素

IF 2 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101628

Stefania Paladini , Davide Barbieri

引用次数: 0

Bringing space solution to national needs through selected projects: The case of Greece 通过选定项目为国家需求提供空间解决方案：希腊案例

IF 2 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101599

Dr Christina Giannopapa, DrAthanasios Staveris-Polykalas, Mr Spyros Metallinos

引用次数: 0

Is there a market for micro-launch vehicles? 微型运载火箭有市场吗？

IF 2 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101629

Felipe Motta , José Bezerra Pessoa Filho , Alison de Oliveira Moraes

{"title":"Is there a market for micro-launch vehicles?","authors":"Felipe Motta , José Bezerra Pessoa Filho , Alison de Oliveira Moraes","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dramatic miniaturization of electronics has led to the SmallSat Revolution. The number of operational satellites has increased from 769 in 2000 to 6905 in 2022. Owing to the deployment of constellations, 26,104 satellites weighing less than 500 kg, known as SmallSats, are expected to be launched between 2023 and 2032. Targeting this market niche, 42 initiatives are underway to develop micro-launch vehicles (LVs), that is, LVs capable of carrying less than 500 kg into orbit. Compared with larger LVs, the cost to launch SmallSats on micro-LVs can be 10 times higher. Consequently, most SmallSat operators opt to send their payloads into space aboard larger LVs using a modality called rideshare. In 2021, SpaceX's Falcon 9 flew 143 SmallSats belonging to different owners. In fact, only 4% of the 7026 SmallSats launched in the 2013–2022 period flew aboard micro-LVs. Based on these facts, the present study addresses the question regarding the existence of a commercial market for the numerous micro-LVs in development. There are a few cases in which micro-LVs may be the best option. One relates to the need to launch a SmallSat within a short period of notice, either for civilian or military reasons. Micro-LVs may also be used as experimental platforms on which new techniques, fabrication processes, flight hardware, and software can be developed for later use on larger LVs. It is worth noting that governments have invested in the development of micro-LVs and their launch facilities to foster the space industry of different countries, but the commercial prospects for micro-LVS are limited due to the much lower launch prices offered by larger vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Planetary parks twenty years on. Balancing space protection with development 二十年过去了。平衡空间保护与发展

IF 2 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101647

Charles S. Cockell

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引用次数: 0

Space and cybersecurity: Challenges and opportunities emerging from national strategy narratives 空间与网络安全：来自国家战略叙述的挑战与机遇

IF 2 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101648

Juan Racionero-Garcia , Siraj Ahmed Shaikh

{"title":"Space and cybersecurity: Challenges and opportunities emerging from national strategy narratives","authors":"Juan Racionero-Garcia , Siraj Ahmed Shaikh","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modern societies<span> are increasingly dependent on space technology. The number of activities that rely on space infrastructure includes global positioning and communications systems, financial transactions and global trade, public and private scientific research, environmental monitoring and fore-casting, and audio-visual entertainment. Within the security and defence domain, this reliance becomes even more pronounced as satellites enhance command, control, communications and intelligence, surveillance, and recon-naissance (C4ISR), missile defence, or advanced autonomous systems. Furthermore, ongoing advancements in science and technology are opening new frontiers in outer space, promising significant economic potential through ventures like space travel and space mining. Considering the geopolitical implications of the dependence on space technology, the objective of this study is to examine how Western countries and organizations understand space within their strategic thinking. By conducting a comparative analysis of the most recent national security strategies and security and defence space strategies released by a sample of Western countries and organizations, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, the European Union<span> and NATO, this study aims to discern the narratives employed to depict the space domain and to identify the key trends within it, with a specific focus on the interplay between space and cybersecurity.</span></span></div><div>This exercise will facilitate the identification of areas where enhanced collaboration among the selected actors is feasible or where competition may define their relationships. Consequently, it will help determine the potential for a coordinated response to collective challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying risks for success in space tourism: A proactive approach for Türkiye 确定空间旅游成功的风险：<s:1> rkiye的主动方法

IF 2 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101654

Vahit Oğuz Kiper, Orhan Batman

{"title":"Identifying risks for success in space tourism: A proactive approach for Türkiye","authors":"Vahit Oğuz Kiper, Orhan Batman","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective planning is crucial for the success of any tourism endeavor, including space tourism. To ensure correct and proactive planning, it is essential to identify and address potential threats and weaknesses in advance. This research aims to reveal possible threats to Turkiye's success in the field of space tourism, employing a qualitative research approach with expert interviews. Building on this context, the research adopts a deductive approach, focusing on a qualitative “situation analysis” design, with Türkiye as the universe and sample. Expert opinions from professionals with technical knowledge of space commercialization and tourism were collected using a snowball sampling technique. Through in-depth interviews, the perceived risks were identified and analyzed. The data obtained were coded and categorized, resulting in main themes related to various elements of the external environment, including political, international, legal, economic, social-cultural, demographic, and technological risks, as well as ethical considerations.The findings highlight that space tourism activities, especially suborbital and extraorbital ventures, carry significant risks. To ensure Türkiye's success in space tourism, the study emphasizes the importance of conducting a comprehensive analysis of the external environment, considering the interrelatedness of the identified risk factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustainability as a core principle of space and planetary exploration 可持续性是空间和行星探索的核心原则

IF 2 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101636

Dimitra Atri , Paulina Umansky , Katepalli R. Sreenivasan

{"title":"Sustainability as a core principle of space and planetary exploration","authors":"Dimitra Atri , Paulina Umansky , Katepalli R. Sreenivasan","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Human Society has renewed interest in exploration and settlement of the Moon, demonstrated by NASA's active Artemis program, privatization of United States' lunar exploration<span> through Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS), and China's planned International Lunar Research Station (ILRS). Plans extend beyond just the Moon, driven by NASA's establishment of the Moon to Mars Program, developments in In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) for crewed exploration, and commercial interests in asteroid resources. As we enter a new era of large-scale space exploration, both public and private for the first time, the environments of the Moon and Mars are at risk of being irreversibly altered by human activity. We propose that sustainability should be laid at the foundation of the next generation of human space exploration. To this end, existing </span></span>planetary protection<span> policies must be expanded to include requirements for protecting the Lunar and Martian environments beyond biological contamination, and guidelines founded on space sustainability should be expanded to include issues beyond orbital debris, crowding, and security. Existing and improved policies should adopt compliance incentives. This shift in policy is not only crucial for the long-term success of upcoming programs, but, if implemented, can foreseeably lead to positive developments on Earth.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"70 ","pages":"Article 101636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143149054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0