Space Policy最新文献_第10页

Legacy of Faster, Better, Cheaper? Cost, Schedule, and Performance Objectives: Understanding the Impact of NASA Policy on Perceptions of Failures 更快、更好、更便宜?成本、进度和技术目标:理解NASA政策对失败感知的持续影响

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101515

Casey Eaton , Shivani Patel , K. Loveday Glandon , Kristin Weger , Bryan Mesmer , Robert Moreland

{"title":"Legacy of Faster, Better, Cheaper? Cost, Schedule, and Performance Objectives: Understanding the Impact of NASA Policy on Perceptions of Failures","authors":"Casey Eaton , Shivani Patel , K. Loveday Glandon , Kristin Weger , Bryan Mesmer , Robert Moreland","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research examines perceptions of failure at the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and NASA's “faster, better, cheaper” movement of the 1990s, identifying how subsequent perceptions, policies, and practices reflect and react to this former ideology in regards to perceptions of failure. Thirty-one NASA participants were surveyed regarding their definitions of failure and perceptions of causes of failure. Regarding failure, participants believed optimistic schedule and budget planning leads to failures and also believed that NASA was neutral on prioritizing prevention of budget overruns and schedule delays. Participants often defined and perceived failures in three areas of schedule, performance, and cost objectives, which are similar to the terms “faster, better, cheaper.” Associated NASA documentation, including strategic plans, is investigated, identifying that language regarding failure and success at NASA often involves these three areas. The examination of NASA documentation suggests potential evolution in policy, subsequent to the faster, better, cheaper era. Potential impacts in NASA policy and practice resulting from the FBC ideology are introduced: an absence and return to language of risk acceptance, a continued emphasis on science mission funding, and a gradual reduction in NASA civil servant workforce. The findings of this research provide insight into the operationalization of the three areas emphasized in the faster, better, cheaper ideology, their use in NASA documentation, and acknowledgment by NASA participants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101515"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42263064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the Public Value of Improving Early Detection Accuracy of Cumulonimbus Using a Geostationary Satellite in South Korea 评价利用韩国静止卫星提高积雨云早期探测精度的公共价值

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101507

Ju-Hee Kim , Hancheol Lim , Jinho Shin , Seung-Hoon Yoo

{"title":"Evaluating the Public Value of Improving Early Detection Accuracy of Cumulonimbus Using a Geostationary Satellite in South Korea","authors":"Ju-Hee Kim , Hancheol Lim , Jinho Shin , Seung-Hoon Yoo","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The Cheollian Satellite 2A called Geo-Kompsat-2A is a geostationary meteorological satellite<span> operated by Korea Meteorological Administration for weather and space-weather observation purposes. This article seeks to evaluate the public value arising from improving the accuracy of early detection of cumulonimbus using Geo-Kompsat-2A. To this end, an economic technique called contingent valuation (CV) is adopted taking a three step approach. In step 1, a CV questionnaire was prepared for deriving the </span></span>willingness to pay (WTP) for the improvement. In step 2, a nationwide survey of 1000 households was conducted using the CV questionnaire and employing person-to-person interviews with household visits. In step 3, the average WTP was estimated. The yearly household average WTP was KRW 2143 (USD 1.91), securing statistical significance. Adjusting this value to suit the entire population of South Korea produces a yearly public value of KRW 44.1 billion (USD 39.3 million). Although it is not easy to accurately evaluate the costs involved in the improvement, the results of conducting a pilot cost-benefit analysis suggest that the improvement secures social desirability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44565635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Media use and US Attitudes Toward Government and Private Space Exploration 媒体使用和美国对政府和私人太空探索的态度

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101506

James Bingaman, Wyatt Dawson, Paul R. Brewer, Ashley Paintsil

引用次数: 1

Bioethical Issues in Human Modification for Protection against the Effects of Space Radiation 保护人类免受空间辐射影响的生物伦理问题

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101505

Konrad Szocik , Martin Braddock

引用次数: 2

European Union Space Surveillance & Tracking (EU SST): State of Play and Perspectives 欧洲联盟空间监视与跟踪(EU SST):现状和前景

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101503

Regina Peldszus , Pascal Faucher

引用次数: 0

Artemis Accords: Are Safety Zones Practical for Long Term Commercial Lunar Resource Utilisation? 阿尔忒弥斯协定:安全区域对月球资源的长期商业利用是否可行?

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101504

Ben McKeown , Andrew G. Dempster , Serkan Saydam

{"title":"Artemis Accords: Are Safety Zones Practical for Long Term Commercial Lunar Resource Utilisation?","authors":"Ben McKeown , Andrew G. Dempster , Serkan Saydam","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Commercial lunar resource extraction activities could become a reality in the mid to long term. Under the existing Outer Space Treaty, there is ambiguity regarding the legal context within which such activities could occur. The Artemis Accords, signed in 2020, are proposed as a mechanism by which space resource extraction activities could take place, with a key proposal of the Accords being the use of Safety Zones to facilitate lunar resource extraction. Whilst the use of Safety Zones is ostensibly proposed for small scale <em>In Situ</em><span><span> Resource Utilisation (ISRU) activities focussed on lunar water production, messaging around the Artemis Accords has indicated that there may be an intent to use them to set precedent for longer term, larger scale commercial resource activity. This article explores the practicability of using Safety Zones for large scale commercial lunar resource extraction from the perspective of the commercial entities that could undertake such activities. Conceptual long term demand for water sourced from ice contained in the lunar Permanently Shadowed Regions (PSRs) is derived, and the surface area required to produce sufficient water to meet this market demand determined. Due to the potential characteristics of water ice occurrence in the lunar PSRs, the footprint of operations could be substantial, and virtually without precedent in the terrestrial extractive resource </span>industries<span>. The article concludes that the use of the Safety Zones proposed in the Artemis Accords could be impractical for the governance of large scale commercial lunar resource production. It is suggested that whilst small scale ISRU activities take place under the auspices of the Artemis Accords, efforts are continued to develop a multilateral governance framework acceptable to both the international community and to the commercial sector for the potential large scale development of lunar resources.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41369033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

To the Moon and Back: Reexamining Presidential Decision-Making and the Apollo Program 《往返月球:重新审视总统决策和阿波罗计划》

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101516

Adam M. McMahon

{"title":"To the Moon and Back: Reexamining Presidential Decision-Making and the Apollo Program","authors":"Adam M. McMahon","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Why did President John F. Kennedy call on the nation to send Americans to the moon? And why did his successors see the expensive and risky Apollo program to completion even after his death? Drawing from the literature on presidential decision-making, I argue Kennedy's announcement was both ordinary and epiphenomenal. Using archival materials spanning the Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon administrations, this article augments existing research and contends the 35th president constrained his own options by criticizing the outgoing Eisenhower administration for allowing a “missile gap” during the 1960 presidential campaign. After learning it did not exist, JFK's own crisis rhetoric set expectations and forced him to compete with the Soviets in a new arena at the height of the Cold War. His assassination made it politically risky for his successors to alter the lunar program, relegating both Johnson and Nixon to claim residual credit and avoid blame for diminishing the American crewed space exploration program. Reevaluating the historical role of the president in achieving one of the most significant government-led endeavors in history reveals how Kennedy's past actions inadvertently drove the development of space policy at mid-century.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46859599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the Particularity and Potentiality of Civil–Military Integration Strategy for Space Activities in China 中国空间活动军民融合战略的特殊性和潜力评估

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101514

Xiaodan Wu , Jie Long

{"title":"Assessing the Particularity and Potentiality of Civil–Military Integration Strategy for Space Activities in China","authors":"Xiaodan Wu , Jie Long","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The relationship between the civil and defence industries in China has undergone institutional changes from separation to combination and integration. Civil–military integration (CMI) was uplifted as a national-level strategy in 2015. Outer space was prioritised in the 2015 strategy, which presents an interesting opportunity for a review of its particularity and potentiality in China. The application of the CMI to space activities is a product of national policies related to economic development and technological advancement instead of a result of a military modernisation campaign. The CMI strategy holds the potential of being an enabler for space activities in China to accommodate the market-oriented approach and conform to the implementation practice of CMI in other advanced space countries. However, reform efforts remain at the early stages of development. Its operationalisation under the state-led development approach is characterised by uncertainty, ambiguity, and fluidity. The reforms are demanding in terms of tackling the entrenched issues of breaking down civil–military barriers and managing the contradiction between the traditional state-led approach and the revolutionary market-oriented approach. Specifically, it is in need of basic infrastructure to facilitate the development of commercial space, including a high-level, coherent framework of policy guidelines and the improvement of governance structure and institutional mechanisms through the enactment of a space law.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46550062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Brazilian Space Sector: Historical Analysis of the Public Budget 巴西空间部门:公共预算的历史分析

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101502

Andrea Cabello , Lúcia Helena Michels Freitas , Michele Melo

引用次数: 1

Through the Thorns to Where? The Politics of Alternative Appropriations of Soviet Space Culture in Contemporary Russia 穿过荆棘到哪里?当代俄罗斯苏联空间文化的另类占有政治

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101488

Roman Privalov

{"title":"Through the Thorns to Where? The Politics of Alternative Appropriations of Soviet Space Culture in Contemporary Russia","authors":"Roman Privalov","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article investigates the political implications of contemporary Russian cultural artifacts that appropriate Soviet space culture. Scholarship on Soviet and post-Soviet space history, increasingly interested in cultural production, highlights the transformation of Soviet space into usable history for the Russian regime. Nostalgia for Soviet space facilitates nation-building, allows political and economic capitalization on behalf of many state-affiliated actors, and lubricates the commodification of Soviet space heroism. In this article, such appropriations are discussed in terms of a neo-heroic Soviet space narrative characteristic of Russian space culture. This narrative, which principally performs a function of legitimation, has significantly progressed in recent years. This becomes clear from the recent release of Russian historical space blockbusters. However, other attempts to use Soviet space are also present. This article suggests two other narratives that attempt to appropriate Soviet space culture: the globalized Soviet science fiction (SF) narrative, and the “futuristic realist” narrative of constructing a new USSR. In both cases, there seems to be an attempt to change a nostalgic orientation of post-Soviet space culture, offering futuristic visions instead. While such attempts are not unproblematic, this article argues that they also deserve attention, especially if we want to better understand Russia's present stance and future alternatives in the new space race. Places such as Russian space museums are especially interesting in how they appropriate Soviet space culture and history, given that they seem to integrate narratives and maneuver between them. Performing both legitimizing and futuristic functions, Russian space museums are places where a new master narrative of Russian space, connected to the Soviet one, might appear.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 101488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265964622000145/pdfft?md5=2a36664dd5a71d5017442d130d221597&pid=1-s2.0-S0265964622000145-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48111719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1