Space Policy最新文献

{"title":"Revisiting the role of space in European Security 20 years after. A practitioner's perspective","authors":"Alexandros Kolovos","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2025.101677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2025.101677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article examines the evolving role of space within the European Union's (EU) Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), offering a unique perspective by linking the foundational “ESDP and Space” initiative of 2002–2003 to the 2023 “EU Space Strategy for Security and Defence” (EUSSSD). The 2002–2004 period marked a turning point, with institutional cooperation and strategic vision laying the groundwork for integrating space into EU security frameworks. However, subsequent years were characterised by stagnation, missed opportunities, and fragmented approaches, particularly after the Lisbon Treaty. The 2023 EUSSSD is presented as a pivotal opportunity for the EU to reclaim its strategic momentum in space security, driven by the urgency of current geopolitical realities such as the Russia-Ukraine war. The article highlights the persistent challenges of aligning civilian and military space capabilities and overcoming structural inefficiencies that have historically impeded progress. By drawing connections between early efforts and contemporary developments, the analysis underscores the importance of cohesive action, visionary leadership, and a long-term policy to ensure the EU's competitive positioning in space security. Whether the 2023 strategy heralds a transformative “European Sputnik moment” will depend on the EU's ability to prioritise and execute its vision effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Martian diversity: A government for pluralistic communities on Mars","authors":"Tanner L. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2025.101687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2025.101687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A government will be necessary to handle society-wide issues in the future Martian society, such as conflict resolution, security, and the distribution of resources. Additionally, because of the difficulty in sourcing willing and able candidates to move to Mars, missions will need to be an international effort with candidates sourced globally. This article considers how a pluralistic Martian population, taken with the severe living conditions on Mars, requires a form of modified liberalism in which the personal values of the Martian population guide public policy while simultaneously limiting it. I suggest that the traits of liberalism coupled with practical limitations, both informed by the moral values common to the worldviews of the diverse population, offer a favorable medium for balancing individual protections from abuse while ensuring that necessary actions can be taken to secure community survival. Utilizing common moral values to inform both the liberties and limitations of the diverse society will help mitigate barriers to successful cooperation and ultimately heighten the chances of community survival on Mars. A practical approach to extracting the values of individuals in a diverse society is presented, and how these values might be implemented to guarantee and limit individual freedoms in a Martian society is discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward the stars: Technological, ethical, and sociopolitical dimensions of interstellar exploration","authors":"Florian Neukart","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pursuit of interstellar exploration is a convergence of advanced technological innovation and profound ethical reflection, challenging humanity to extend its reach beyond the solar system while carefully considering the complex moral implications of such an endeavor. This paper explores the multidimensional aspects of interstellar travel, examining advancements in propulsion systems, habitat construction, and life support alongside the critical ethical, sociopolitical, and philosophical questions that arise in contemplating human presence on extraterrestrial worlds. We emphasize the necessity of an integrative framework harmonizing scientific and technological progress with a profound ethical commitment to responsible exploration, environmental stewardship, and respect for potential extraterrestrial ecosystems. Our analysis underscores the dual nature of interstellar exploration as both a technical challenge and a philosophical journey, advocating for a future in which humanity's expansion into the cosmos is guided by caution, humility, and respect for diverse perspectives, including those that challenge the imperative of space expansion. This synthesis of science and ethics offers a roadmap for navigating the uncertainties of space exploration with wisdom and integrity, ensuring that our interstellar ambitions reflect the highest ideals of human responsibility and shared values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bold steps forward: The investment impact of enacting space resources legislation","authors":"Adam Janikowski","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant attention is now being directed toward the space resources industry in what people are calling the next frontier of mineral exploration. The basic space treaties were proposed and executed at relatively early stages in the development of space exploration and exploitation, and, as such, were drafted to be ambiguous as new technologies were developed. To that end, individual states are beginning to propose domestic legislation to regulate space property rights. To date, the United States, Luxembourg, Japan and the United Arab Emirates have succeeded in enacting such laws, with other countries currently drafting similar legislation.</div><div>This paper does not attempt to discuss the suitability of or to interpret domestic law and how it fits within the framework of the basic space treaties; rather, it reflects upon the domestic space property rights legislation that has been enacted and examines the impact that those laws have had upon investment into the space sector of the country in which they were passed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASEAN regional cooperation in the space sector: Current status, potential gaps, and future perspectives","authors":"Maximilien Berthet ,&nbsp;Riccardo Corrado","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has long participated in global space activities. At present, more and more member states are establishing space programs. An ASEAN new space economy is taking root, still in its infancy compared to those of global space powers. To assist policymakers in fostering the next stage of space development in ASEAN, this article provides a comprehensive review and analysis of the current status and potential gaps in regional space sector cooperation. Cross-cutting challenges are identified from a survey of previous studies. To unravel their causes and prospective solutions, a historical review of around 20 frameworks promoting regional space sector cooperation in ASEAN is performed. Then, interviews are conducted to enhance the assessment. These provide the perceived contributions of the frameworks from the point of view of the end user. Domains with mature and only nascent regional cooperation are thus identified. Mature regional cooperation is enjoyed in space-based remote sensing data research and utilisation, and short-term initiatives for targeted space capacity building. Only nascent cooperation exists to conduct long-term cross-sectoral space capacity building; foster entrepreneurship; develop regional policies and standards for space-related activities; and pool funding from within the region. In light of the recent establishment of several regional space agencies around the world, attention is drawn to an ASEAN Space Agency as an option to fill identified cooperation gaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An interdisciplinary analysis of Turkiye's space policy: An economic and political perspective","authors":"Asena Boztas ,&nbsp;N. Ceren Turkmen","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Turkiye has invested significantly in the development of its space policy in recent years. At its core, Turkiye's space policy aims to reduce the country's dependence on foreign technologies and develop national capabilities in related fields. However, it also has implications for national security, defense and political power. This study uniquely contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive, interdisciplinary analysis of Turkiye's space policy, focusing on its economic and political dimensions. The study commences with a brief historical overview of Turkiye's space program, highlighting its evolution and strategic milestones. It then addresses the economic implications of Turkish space policy, including potential benefits and challenges for the country's macroeconomic and microeconomic environment. Finally, the study examines the political power dimensions of Turkiye's space policy, encompassing national security, defense, and geopolitical implications.</div><div>Drawing on a range of sources, including government reports and academic articles, this research integrates the theoretical frameworks of Political Economy and International Relations to offer a multifaceted analysis. The findings indicate that, from an economic perspective, investment in the space program is expected to stimulate economic growth, create new industries and job opportunities, increase economic diversification, and lead to the development of human capital. The space program will spur technological advancements across various sectors, thereby enhancing efficiency and productivity. Furthermore, a successful space program will elevate the country's international prestige, attracting more investors, and expanding investment opportunities. From a political perspective, Turkiye is enhancing its launch capabilities and missile defense systems to bolster national security due to its geopolitical position. Turkiye's space policy is designed to position the country as a leading space power in the Middle East and beyond, thereby strengthening its strategic and diplomatic stance globally.</div><div>This study provides critical policy recommendations to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of Turkiye's space endeavors, emphasizing the importance of foundational investments in education, research, and international collaborations. The insights gained from this interdisciplinary approach are invaluable to policymakers and scholars, offering a holistic understanding of the economic and political ramifications of national space programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101664"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ensuring PNT resilience in a time of navigation uncertainty","authors":"Joshua J.R. Critchley-Marrows ,&nbsp;Quentin Verspieren","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) services have become the backbone to nearly all facets of modern life. Any disruption of space-based PNT services, whether intentional or accidental, could have dramatic consequences for national security, public safety and economic prosperity. In consequence, states owning, operating or merely using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and there regional counterparts, have grown extremely concerned with the reliance of their infrastructure, and its ability to provide stable and trustworthy PNT signals. This viewpoint provides a summary to global approaches of the state's ‘ensurance’ of PNT system resilience. Clear themes are highlighted and discussed, suggesting pathways forward to delivering a PNT infrastructure that can ensure the trust of governments and their users.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 101665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward an international legal framework for the protection of outer space heritage","authors":"Jinyuan Su ,&nbsp;Jinxuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The protection of outer space heritage is a collective interest of all humankind and should be carried out under an international legal framework guided by the principles of due regard, non-appropriation of outer space, and due respect for the jurisdiction, control, and ownership of space objects. For institutional elements of such a framework, this article proposes a dichotomous classification of outer space heritage—that is, cultural heritage and natural heritage, with cultural heritage categorized into outer space heritage sites and outer space artifacts. This article also proposes two types of protected areas: in situ protected zones for outer space heritage sites, and designated preservation zones for outer space artifacts. Both types of protected areas should be of reasonable size and exclusive in nature. The protection of outer space heritage should form an integral part of the future international legal framework of space resource activities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 101625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The space resources fund: A solution to the space resources benefit sharing dilemma?","authors":"Ben McKeown ,&nbsp;Andrew G. Dempster ,&nbsp;Serkan Saydam ,&nbsp;Jeff Coulton","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article investigates the use of a bespoke fund, the Space Resources Fund (SRF), to facilitate monetary benefit sharing from commercial space resource utilisation (SRU) and at the same time provide a source of funding for a developing space resource industry. The study investigates the possible objectives such a fund could have and compares these to range of terrestrial fund types that could have similar objectives. We find that there is no one fund type that could meet the possible objectives for a SRF, however, by combining several fund types, it is possible to construct a dedicated fund that meets the objectives initially developed. The study proposes a fund with the Double Bottom Line of both generating monetary benefits from commercial SRU and providing investment capital to an industry targeting SRU. The study also proposes a possible strategy, structure, funding mechanism and benefit distribution mechanism for the SRF and undertakes high level financial modelling to illustrate the wealth creation potential of such a fund. Further, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the approach proposed in this study compared to the use of a royalty mechanism for monetary benefit sharing, should monetary benefit sharing ultimately be proposed, by the UN Committee On the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) for example. This work builds on previous work that reviews the ongoing debate concerning benefit sharing from commercial SRU and explores the use of royalties for such monetary benefit sharing in the context of commercial lunar ice mining. We conclude that a SRF as proposed here could help resolve the long standing dilemma of how to facilitate monetary benefit sharing from commercial SRU without impacting the development of such an industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 101663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planning space exploration: Appraising and appreciating a curated collection of NASA's roadmap visualizations","authors":"Clive Kerr","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2024.101651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For supporting strategic planning and communication amongst stakeholders, roadmapping is a widespread practice across many industries. However, there is a notable gap in acknowledging and appreciating the pioneering roadmap visualizations published by NASA. This paper will address this gap by presenting and critiquing a curated collection of 10 exemplar visualizations, each representing a distinctive design form. Despite potential aesthetic limitations, these examples offer themselves as convenient and useful templates for other organizations seeking to develop their own roadmaps. By deconstructing these formats and emphasizing their unique features, this paper aims to broaden the adoption and adaptation of these foundational visual schemes, while recognizing NASA's contributions to the practice of roadmapping.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 101651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}