Space Policy最新文献

Lunar roads and connectivity: Infrastructure, governance, and resource politics beyond earth 月球道路和连通性：地球以外的基础设施、治理和资源政治

IF 2.7 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101747

Caitlin Ahrens, Bohumil Doboš

引用次数: 0

Improving the safety zone mechanism: Shifting the focus from safety zones to safety obligations 完善安全区域机制。把重点从安全区域转移到安全义务上来

IF 2.7 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2025.101745

Yun Zhao, Xiaodao Li

{"title":"Improving the safety zone mechanism: Shifting the focus from safety zones to safety obligations","authors":"Yun Zhao, Xiaodao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2025.101745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2025.101745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Section 11 of the Artemis Accords states that signatories can establish safety zones to protect personnel, equipment, and operations in outer space from harmful interference. Safety zones are often seen as the core of Section 11. However, from the perspective of legitimacy and effectiveness, Section 11 has many shortcomings. An analysis of Section 11 suggests that safety zones are essentially the areas within which safety obligations are in effect. However, because of its overemphasis on safety zones, Section 11 is limited in terms of normative legitimacy, sociological legitimacy, change effectiveness, optimal effectiveness, and policy effectiveness. This paper argues that it is necessary to shift the focus from safety zones to safety obligations to rectify these deficiencies. Such a shift would not negate safety zone rules, as the proposed institutional arrangements still encompass the establishment and operation of safety zones. This paper first clarifies the four elements of safety obligations and then proposes a safety zone mechanism centred on safety obligations. The proposed mechanism contains a determination mechanism and a notification and coordination mechanism. These mechanisms demonstrate enhanced legitimacy and effectiveness, and they offer a useful reference for the study and practice of safety zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 101745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148950387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Centralizing Korea's space governance: Institutional impacts and strategic implications one year after launching KASA 韩国空间管理的集中化：KASA发射一年后的制度影响和战略影响

IF 2.7 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101748

Young-Joo Song, Donghun Lee, Jooho Park

{"title":"Centralizing Korea's space governance: Institutional impacts and strategic implications one year after launching KASA","authors":"Young-Joo Song, Donghun Lee, Jooho Park","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Following the launch of the Korea AeroSpace Administration (KASA) in May 2024, this paper examines the institutional impacts and strategic implications of Korea's transition to centralized space governance. The establishment of KASA marked a fundamental departure from the country's long-standing fragmented, multi-agency structure, signaling a policy shift toward more coordinated and industry-driven space development. This study analyzes the policy rationale behind KASA's creation, evaluates its organizational structure and mandate, and critically assesses early challenges in institutional consolidation and strategic implementation during its first year of operation. Special attention is given to the government-led Triangular Cluster Strategy—linking Goheung, Jinju/Sacheon, and Daejeon—as a spatial-industrial policy tool to foster a private-led space economy. The paper also identifies structural limitations in KASA's legal authority, budget autonomy, R&D role, and international engagement. Based on these findings, it offers policy recommendations to strengthen institutional effectiveness and long-term sustainability. The study contributes to broader international discussions on institutional design and governance reform for emerging spacefaring nations seeking to consolidate their space strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 101748"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148960845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spaceport environmental policy in the new space era 新太空时代的太空港环境政策

IF 2.7 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101752

Shannon Sylvie Abelson, Ann C. Thresher

{"title":"Spaceport environmental policy in the new space era","authors":"Shannon Sylvie Abelson, Ann C. Thresher","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There has been a recent push by the United States federal government to streamline regulation surrounding the construction and operation of spaceports. The August 13th, 2025 Executive Order, “Enabling Competition in the Commercial Space Industry”, moves these goals forward by tying commercial space operations to national security interests. In particular, the Order requires the creation of exemptions and “categorical exclusions” for commercial space exploration activities from the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). This situation raises a tangle of complex ethical and political quandaries. On the one hand, national security is a compelling justification for some compromises in environmental integrity. But this does not mean that it should be used as a completely indefeasible ground for environmental degradation. Our goal in this piece is to elucidate the environmental impacts of spaceports, many of which are built in vulnerable areas, usually adjacent to or on environmental reserves. These regions, in turn, are critical to not only preserving endangered species, but their coastal nature means that degradation of these ecosystems can have broader impact on climate mitigation and severe weather resilience. We should not, in short, think of national security and environmental stability as mutually exclusive. We detail several mitigation strategies aimed at balancing short-term national security and long-term environmental preservation interests. In particular, we recommend standardized and streamlined environmental impact assessments that employ clearly defined metrics, a taxonomy and more detailed study of fuel emissions, increased funding for research into less environmentally damaging rocket fuel, and decommissionment and remediation planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 101752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148960848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Houston, we have a budget…. Public preferences for government spending on NASA and space exploration 休斯敦，我们有预算....公众对政府在NASA和太空探索上的支出的偏好

IF 2.7 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101751

James W. Endersby, Kaylee A. Swenson

{"title":"Houston, we have a budget…. Public preferences for government spending on NASA and space exploration","authors":"James W. Endersby, Kaylee A. Swenson","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Public preferences for spending are generally associated with government appropriations in broad policy categories. One model of this relationship is that the public attitudes serve as a thermostat for spending, supporting greater expenditures when appropriations fall and vice versa. Public opinion correlates with budgetary allocations for large policy domains regarding defense and social spending, for example, but this link is not expected to hold with expenditures for individual agencies. Public knowledge about government agencies and issue salience of smaller policy areas is often limited. One exception is NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and support for expenditures on space exploration. Public awareness and support of this agency and the policy domain is high, in part because of frequent news coverage and fictional accounts pertaining to space exploration. This research examines the relationship between public opinion and expenditures on space exploration. Survey data are gathered from the General Social Surveys over several decades (1973-2024) asking whether government spending on space exploration is too much, about right, or too little. The general thermostatic model performs well, even when controlling for supplementary factors that appear related to opinions regarding government support of science and space policy. Moreover, the thermostatic model works better for spending for NASA than for the broader domain of science policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 101751"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148960849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Satellite megaconstellations and collective casualty risks 卫星巨型星座和集体伤亡风险

IF 2.7 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101749

Ewan Wright, Aaron Boley, Michael Byers

引用次数: 0

Public goods and the evaluation of complex outcomes in space economy 空间经济中的公共产品与复杂结果评估

IF 2.7 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101762

Dmitry Payson

引用次数: 0

Satellite-based Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems’ impact on CO2 emissions 基于卫星的空中交通管理（ATM）系统对二氧化碳排放的影响

IF 2.7 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101750

O. Nunez, E. Montanari, R. Flohr, G. Martin de Mercado

引用次数: 0

The future of space Security: Toward NATO's evolving functional areas in the era of hybrid warfare 太空安全的未来：迈向混合战争时代北约不断发展的功能区

IF 2.7 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101746

Alper Ören

{"title":"The future of space Security: Toward NATO's evolving functional areas in the era of hybrid warfare","authors":"Alper Ören","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the militarization and strategic importance of space continue to escalate, NATO faces an evolving security landscape characterized by hybrid threats, counterspace capabilities, and emerging and disruptive technologies. This study critically examines evolving space posture within the limits of its current policy framework and advocates for the prospective development of a formal space posture. By incorporating insights from Spacepower Theory, Deterrence 3.0, and Grey Zone Warfare, NATO's evolving space posture could seek to address emerging challenges such as AI-driven intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance, quantum-secured communications, and hypersonic missile detection. The study highlights the imperative for NATO to enhance its multi-domain deterrence posture, establish cyber-resilient space architectures, and strengthen public-private partnerships to mitigate vulnerabilities arising from commercial space dependencies. Additionally, the research underscores the need for space sustainability initiatives to maintain operational security. The findings advocate for a proactive approach to space governance, ensuring NATO's pursuit of strategic coherence and collective resilience in space amid increasing geopolitical competition. By bridging theoretical rigor with policy recommendations, this study contributes to a comprehensive framework for NATO's long-term security in space, emphasizing resilience, adaptability, and strategic foresight in the era of hybrid warfare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 101746"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148950388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the meaning of sustainability on the Moon 研究月球上可持续发展的意义

IF 2.7 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101761

Marco A. Janssen, Kyle Fiore Law, Parvathy Prem, Stylianos Syropoulos, Afreen Siddiqi

{"title":"Examining the meaning of sustainability on the Moon","authors":"Marco A. Janssen, Kyle Fiore Law, Parvathy Prem, Stylianos Syropoulos, Afreen Siddiqi","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2026.101761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainability is increasingly being discussed in the context of lunar missions. We report on a survey of individuals with an interest in lunar and space exploration to examine the different perspectives on lunar sustainability. Among the 277 participants who completed the survey, we found that there are different views on how to interpret lunar (surface) sustainability. There is consensus that all 3 constituent pillars of sustainability are important, but there are differences between those who focus on financial and operational issues and those who focus on environmental and ethical issues. In our survey, those focused on the financial and operational aspects of lunar missions tended to be from the space industry and the lunar interest community, whereas academics were more focused on environmental impacts on Earth and the Moon.</div><div>We also found that general definitions of sustainability and space sustainability were widely in agreement, but lunar mission-specific definitions related to the Artemis program received less support. The differences in perspectives relate back to the level of support for long-term human presence on the Moon. Overall, these results highlight the existence of divergent perspectives on sustainability within the space exploration interest community. Future missions for limited scientific exploration, as well as for long-term human operations, should account for this difference and address concerns if they seek to derive broad long-term support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":"77 ","pages":"Article 101761"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148960850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0