Revisiting the role of space in European Security 20 years after. A practitioner's perspective

Abstract

This article examines the evolving role of space within the European Union's (EU) Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), offering a unique perspective by linking the foundational “ESDP and Space” initiative of 2002–2003 to the 2023 “EU Space Strategy for Security and Defence” (EUSSSD). The 2002–2004 period marked a turning point, with institutional cooperation and strategic vision laying the groundwork for integrating space into EU security frameworks. However, subsequent years were characterised by stagnation, missed opportunities, and fragmented approaches, particularly after the Lisbon Treaty. The 2023 EUSSSD is presented as a pivotal opportunity for the EU to reclaim its strategic momentum in space security, driven by the urgency of current geopolitical realities such as the Russia-Ukraine war. The article highlights the persistent challenges of aligning civilian and military space capabilities and overcoming structural inefficiencies that have historically impeded progress. By drawing connections between early efforts and contemporary developments, the analysis underscores the importance of cohesive action, visionary leadership, and a long-term policy to ensure the EU's competitive positioning in space security. Whether the 2023 strategy heralds a transformative “European Sputnik moment” will depend on the EU's ability to prioritise and execute its vision effectively.