Space Policy最新文献_第4页

Everybody's Business to Know About Space: Cross-Disciplinarity and the Challenges of the New Space Age 每个人都应该了解太空:跨学科和新太空时代的挑战

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101573

Basil P. Tucker , Hank C. Alewine

{"title":"Everybody's Business to Know About Space: Cross-Disciplinarity and the Challenges of the New Space Age","authors":"Basil P. Tucker , Hank C. Alewine","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Many commentators have suggested that we are witnessing the advent of a ‘New Space Age’. In addition to the opportunities presented, this New Space Age also brings challenges, many of which are unprecedented, invariably complex, and which are not readily amenable to easy or previously developed tailor-made solutions. Cross-disciplinary approaches have been suggested as a means toward which solutions to such space-related problems may be reached. This qualitative study draws on interviews with 30 policy-makers, </span>industry body representatives, academics, and practitioners to investigate the ways in which cross-disciplinary approaches can contribute to solving the problems presented by the New Space Age. Findings indicate that the type of cross-disciplinary research approach adopted brings with it discernible costs and benefits, as well as palpable differences in the nature and extent of the contribution made to space research, space policy, and space exploration. Conclusions inform both public policy and university research policy, the literature on research collaboration between disciplines, and the effectiveness of cross-disciplinarity in the context of advancing the space sector.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47358635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A U.S. Perspective on Deterrence and Geopolitics in Space 美国对太空威慑和地缘政治的看法

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101565

Scott Pace

{"title":"A U.S. Perspective on Deterrence and Geopolitics in Space","authors":"Scott Pace","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Theories of deterrence and geopolitics have been applied to space activities for many decades, with linkages to nuclear competition during the Cold War. Despite common usage in U.S. policy documents and statements, it is not always clear how the concepts of deterrence and geopolitics should be applied. This article reviews deterrence theory as applied to space, to include the challenge of China, and the increasing use of commercial space assets for military purposes. Both topics are of interest to policy-makers and hence their inclusion. This is followed by a discussion of geopolitics in space, to include the works of Everett C. Dolman, Daniel Deudney, and Bleddyn Bowen, as well as the nascent application of critical geopolitical perspectives to space. The article observes that the international approach being taken by the United States in space does not align with the theories of either Dolman or Deudney. On the other hand, current U.S. military space doctrine is consistent with the propositions of Bowen, with the U.S. Space Command focused on supporting terrestrial combatant commands as opposed to controlling the space domain <em>per se</em>. Applications of deterrence and geopolitics to cooperation and competition in space are necessarily grounded in material realities, e.g., geography, military forces, technologies, and economic power, but the beneficial development of space requires both State power and international constraints on that power. For the United States, and ideally all spacefaring States, the successful application of deterrence and geopolitics to the exploration and use of space would be a peaceful and stable space environment in which cooperation among likeminded States would flourish even as adversarial States continued to pursue their own, competing, interests in space.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47273884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Assay on The Hobbesian Trap and Axioms of First Contact 对霍布斯陷阱和首次接触公理的分析

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101581

Steven J. Firth

{"title":"An Assay on The Hobbesian Trap and Axioms of First Contact","authors":"Steven J. Firth","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Discussion surrounding first contact with extra-terrestrial intelligence (ETI) is hotly debated in the literature. This paper responds to claims made by Jebari and Olsson-Yaouzis that the ‘dominant thought’ in the philosophy of language indicates that communication with ETI would not be possible, and that the resultant uncertainty forces us into the Hobbesian Trap—the proclivity to adopt pre-emptive military strategies as a function of mutual distrust and fear of imminent attack. The ‘dominant thought’ in the philosophy of language constitutes largely behaviourist thinking and hinges on ‘shared human context.’ However, shared universal contexts, together with the potential existence of post-biological ETI, suggest that communication at a level sufficient to interpret basic dispositions (what I call the level of ‘performative function’) may be possible.</p><p>Deploying both philosophical and game theoretical analyses, this paper provides several refutations and a repudiation of Jebari and Olsson-Yaouzis's claims: I correct the assumption that ETI would necessarily adopt a game theoretical rationality, critique the notion that ETI would choose a risk-dominant strategy rather than a payoff-dominant strategy, repudiate the claim that communication with ETI would not be possible, and show how the Hobbesian equivalence principle is violated in a proximal first-contact situation. Finally, in the absence of game theoretic decision-making (and inline with the calls from the Billingham report), this paper commences work on the development of an incomplete set of <em>Axioms of First Contact</em> from which to generate a definitive groundwork for both post-detection protocol and rules of engagement. An open invitation to other contributors to criticise, augment, and advance this bottom-up approach to first contact is extended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265964623000486/pdfft?md5=0fe146322bc01985c94925940485a420&pid=1-s2.0-S0265964623000486-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135347305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Case for Nature in Long-Haul Space Exploration 长途太空探索中的自然案例

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101575

Jason A. Kaufman , T. Elliott Floyd , Andrew Lenartz

引用次数: 0

Moving to Mars: The Feasibility and Desirability of Mars Settlements 走向火星：火星定居的可行性和可取性

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101590

Mikko M. Puumala , Oskari Sivula , Kirsi Lehto

{"title":"Moving to Mars: The Feasibility and Desirability of Mars Settlements","authors":"Mikko M. Puumala , Oskari Sivula , Kirsi Lehto","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The on-going space settlement debate has raised questions whether it is possible to settle other planets, and if it was, is it something humans should do. The problem with this space ethical discussion is that it can easily become too vague. To avoid this problem, we suggest a framework for identifying relevant variables that affect the feasibility constraints and desirability factors of establishing space settlements. The variables we focus on include the settlement stage, scale and time frame. Based on the relevant literature, we take mission cost, survival, habitation, water, <em>in situ</em> resources for food, oxygen and fuel energy and dependence on Earth as feasibility constraints that are relevant for the framework. None of them are hard constraints, but rather soft feasibility constraints that make it difficult to establish a permanent human settlement on Mars in the near- to medium-term future. However, in the past, humanity has achieved goals that first seemed infeasible. To justify the costs and effort, the goal must be highly morally desirable. We discuss five different desirability factors that could help justify the effort but as each framework has unique feasibility constraints, not all of these factors are sufficient or necessary to justify this effort. We argue that some of the desirability factors prominent in space ethical literature are not sufficient or necessary in our framework, and thus, we conclude that the normative grounds for establishing a permanent Mars settlement in the foreseeable future are weak.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265964623000577/pdfft?md5=761f89ab33603eebc08988fb6e0d1f0c&pid=1-s2.0-S0265964623000577-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135962987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

To What Extent Will Space Debris Impact the Economy? 空间碎片将在多大程度上影响经济？

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101580

Wataru Nozawa , Kenichi Kurita , Tetsuya Tamaki , Shunsuke Managi

{"title":"To What Extent Will Space Debris Impact the Economy?","authors":"Wataru Nozawa , Kenichi Kurita , Tetsuya Tamaki , Shunsuke Managi","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the expansion of the space industry<span>, debris congestion has become a serious problem. When space debris collides with satellites in orbit, it may damage the satellites or, in the worst case, cause an explosion. While economic activity influences debris congestion, debris can also influence the economy. To what extent does debris affect the economy? Furthermore, what would be the optimal path of debris emission considering the economy and space environment? This study aims to quantify the severity of the problem. We simulate the damage caused by the environmental problem of orbital debris using a standard economic growth model in macroeconomics, augmented with a satellite sector and collision possibility. In the model, launching satellites means two things: more factors of production and more orbital objects. A newly launched satellite provides satellite services to the economy and increases production capacity. At the same time, by being placed in orbit, a satellite increases the risk of collisions. Our results show that debris will cause negative damage of approximately 1.95% of global Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the long term if no debris is remediated at all.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49530944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

China's Space Export Strategy 中国航天出口战略

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101574

Nathaniel Rome

引用次数: 0

Innovation: Behavioral Health Skills Training for Families of Space Travelers 创新：太空旅行者家庭行为健康技能培训

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101576

Brenda Bursch , Patricia D. Walshaw , Catherine Mogil , Thomas Babayan , Patricia Lester

{"title":"Innovation: Behavioral Health Skills Training for Families of Space Travelers","authors":"Brenda Bursch , Patricia D. Walshaw , Catherine Mogil , Thomas Babayan , Patricia Lester","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the evolution of space travel to more frequently include civilian space travelers, there is an emerging need for behavioral health skills training for longer missions. There may be utility in using the analog of military deployments. One such model is Families OverComing Under Stress (FOCUS), a family-centered evidence-based resilience training program that has been implemented at military installations for the last fifteen years. FOCUS is designed to enhance family cohesion and strengthen parent–child, marital, and co-parenting relationships and improve emotion regulation, communication, problem-solving, and goal-setting skills across the family. Research results reveal that both parents and children from military families participating in FOCUS demonstrate significant improvement in emotional and behavioral adjustment, reducing their risk of developing anxiety, depression, or other behavioral disturbances by half. It has also demonstrated efficacy in the tele-delivery model, allowing for implementation for families who are separated due to trainings and missions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265964623000437/pdfft?md5=b3a3f69883aa8b38b8801187df68fa16&pid=1-s2.0-S0265964623000437-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49581220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

China's branding problem: Image management and the US-China space relationship 中国的品牌问题：形象管理与中美太空关系

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101598

R. L. Hines

引用次数: 0

Chinese Commercial Space Launchers: Historical Perspective; Policy Framework 中国商业航天发射装置的历史透视政策框架

IF 1.1 4区社会学

Space Policy Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101572

Lucie Sénéchal-Perrouault

{"title":"Chinese Commercial Space Launchers: Historical Perspective; Policy Framework","authors":"Lucie Sénéchal-Perrouault","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2023.101572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The topic of Chinese commercial space has been the subject of a growing number of publications in English since the beginning of the decade, which raises the necessity of clarifying the concept and policy framework. This article focuses on the case of launcher industry and launch services. A historical review allows to underline the existence of two waves in the country's commercial space launch activities, which should be distinguished: an “old commercial space” or commercialization from the 1980s, mainly concerning state-owned enterprises; and a “new commercial space” from the middle of the decade 2010, seeking to involve capital and companies not stemming from the central state. This evolution is reflected in the selection of three primary texts for which clarification is given in terms of nature, enacting bodies, organization, content, and relevance. Chinese commercial launch policy framework shows its integration into broader economic concerns at two points in time in a specific historical context: encouragement of the national military–industrial conglomerate to engage in profit-making activities – via international marketing of Long March launch services –in the first case and in the second case, invitation of non–central state and private investors and entrepreneurs to participate in innovation priority fields. As means to implement the latter objectives, several policy instruments are identified: definition of the desired activity and clarification of organs in charge, authorization system, and economic incentives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47670739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1