Vera Gergov, Tamara Prevendar, Eleni Vousoura, Randi Ulberg, Hanne-Sofie J. Dahl, Clémence Feller, Celia Faye Jacobsen, Alexia Karain, Branka Milic, Elena Poznyak, Rosemarie Sacco, Bogdan Tudor Tulbure, Nigel Camilleri, Iliana Liakea, Ioana Podina, Andrea Saliba, Sandra Torres, Stig Poulsen
{"title":"Sociodemographic Predictors and Moderators of Treatment Outcomes of Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Young People with Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review","authors":"Vera Gergov, Tamara Prevendar, Eleni Vousoura, Randi Ulberg, Hanne-Sofie J. Dahl, Clémence Feller, Celia Faye Jacobsen, Alexia Karain, Branka Milic, Elena Poznyak, Rosemarie Sacco, Bogdan Tudor Tulbure, Nigel Camilleri, Iliana Liakea, Ioana Podina, Andrea Saliba, Sandra Torres, Stig Poulsen","doi":"10.1007/s40894-023-00228-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40894-023-00228-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the worrying prevalence of mental disorders among adolescents and young people, evidence on predictors of treatment outcome remains scarce. Systematic reviews have focused on specific disorders or treatment modalities and have not targeted this age group in particular. This systematic review presents an overview of the sociodemographic predictors and moderators on the outcome of psychotherapeutic interventions for adolescents and young people with mental disorders across treatment modalities. The search was conducted in PubMed and PsycINFO following the PICOS strategy. The included studies were clinical outcome studies on psychotherapeutic interventions, targeted for young people (aged 12–30 years) with specified mental disorders and published in peer-reviewed journals. During a four-step screening process, 17,359 articles were assessed, among which 114 met the inclusion criteria. Most included studies involved patients with mood, eating, or substance use disorders. Age, gender, and ethnicity were the most frequently reported predictors. For age and gender the findings were mixed, so it is not possible to state which age group or gender would benefit most from treatment across disorder groups. Ethnic minority status and history of traumatic events may predict poorer outcomes. However, the results mainly did not support the relevance of sociodemographic variables for predicting treatment outcome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45912,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Research Review","volume":"9 3","pages":"453 - 475"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40894-023-00228-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136033044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Ansong, Moses Okumu, Thabani Nyoni, Jamal Appiah-Kubi, Emmanuel Owusu Amoako, Isaac Koomson, Jamie Conklin
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Financial Capability and Asset Building Interventions in Improving Youth’s Educational Well-being: A Systematic Review","authors":"David Ansong, Moses Okumu, Thabani Nyoni, Jamal Appiah-Kubi, Emmanuel Owusu Amoako, Isaac Koomson, Jamie Conklin","doi":"10.1007/s40894-023-00223-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40894-023-00223-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Researchers globally are testing the potential of economic empowerment interventions such as financial guidance, education savings accounts, and asset transfer to promote educational well-being. Yet limited evidence exists of these interventions’ quality and effectiveness in improving educational well-being outcomes such as school enrollment and academic achievement. This systematic review evaluates these interventions’ methodological strengths and weaknesses, describes common intervention components and outcomes measured, and assesses intervention effectiveness. Overall, 15 studies from Sub-Saharan Africa, North and Central America, Southeast Asia, and Europe were included in this review (age: 5–19 years). Over half of the intervention studies scored at/above the median (high rigor). Notable strengths include using experimental study designs, articulation of theoretical framework, longer follow-up periods, transparency about dropout/attrition rates, and the conduct of parallel intervention replications across multiple schools. Methodological weaknesses included not stating quality control measures and not reporting measurement validity and reliability. Overall, most interventions effectively improved educational well-being. Interventions were most effective at improving academic attendance/participation, performance, and achievement, and less effective in educational enrollment. As education is a key modifiable determinant of well-being, interventionists have a great opportunity to develop and implement tailored economic empowerment interventions to promote educational well-being.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45912,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Research Review","volume":"9 4","pages":"647 - 662"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84008665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Padraic Rocliffe, Manolis Adamakis, Brendan T. O’Keeffe, Liam Walsh, Aine Bannon, Luis Garcia-Gonzalez, Fiona Chambers, Michalis Stylianou, Ian Sherwin, Patricia Mannix-McNamara, Ciaran MacDonncha, Manolis Adamakis
{"title":"Correction to: The Impact of Typical School Provision of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sports on Adolescent Mental Health and Wellbeing: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Padraic Rocliffe, Manolis Adamakis, Brendan T. O’Keeffe, Liam Walsh, Aine Bannon, Luis Garcia-Gonzalez, Fiona Chambers, Michalis Stylianou, Ian Sherwin, Patricia Mannix-McNamara, Ciaran MacDonncha, Manolis Adamakis","doi":"10.1007/s40894-023-00225-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40894-023-00225-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45912,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Research Review","volume":"9 2","pages":"365 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40894-023-00225-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135381074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebecca Raeside, Si Si Jia, Allyson Todd, Karice Hyun, Anna Singleton, Lauren A. Gardner, Katrina E. Champion, Julie Redfern, Stephanie R. Partridge
{"title":"Are Digital Health Interventions That Target Lifestyle Risk Behaviors Effective for Improving Mental Health and Wellbeing in Adolescents? A Systematic Review with Meta-analyses","authors":"Rebecca Raeside, Si Si Jia, Allyson Todd, Karice Hyun, Anna Singleton, Lauren A. Gardner, Katrina E. Champion, Julie Redfern, Stephanie R. Partridge","doi":"10.1007/s40894-023-00224-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40894-023-00224-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research has established associations between poor mental health and lifestyle risk behaviors among adolescents, yet gaps exist in understanding whether digital health interventions for adolescents targeting these behaviors will improve mental health and wellbeing. This study aimed to evaluate how effective digital health interventions targeting lifestyle risk behaviors are in improving mental health/wellbeing among adolescents (10–24 years old). We also aimed to understand how effects vary by participant and intervention characteristics, and intervention adherence and engagement. Through systematic review with meta-analysis, 5229 records were identified. 17 studies were included representing 9070 participants (15.3 mean age, 1.2 SD). Interventions had small but statistically non-significant positive effects on physical and psychosocial quality of life, depressive symptoms and anxiety at follow-up compared to usual care controls. Digital health delivery methods included text messaging, mobile applications, websites and email, or a combination of these. Intervention adherence, engagement and satisfaction were measured poorly across studies. Despite small changes, potential exists for digital health interventions to improve mental health or wellbeing outcomes among adolescents due to the shared nature of risk and protective factors for mental health and chronic diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45912,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Research Review","volume":"9 2","pages":"193 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40894-023-00224-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87666242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Concetta Esposito, Federica De Masi, Mirella Dragone, Dario Bacchini
{"title":"Technology-Based Interventions for Preventing Youth Violence: A Systematic Review of Programs, Tools, and Evidence","authors":"Concetta Esposito, Federica De Masi, Mirella Dragone, Dario Bacchini","doi":"10.1007/s40894-023-00222-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40894-023-00222-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Digital interventions have emerged as a promising tool for preventing youth violence, although the evidence base supporting their effectiveness lacks a cohesive framework. The aim of this review was to consolidate existing strategies for preventing youth violence through technology, providing insights into the current landscape, emerging trends, gaps, and the effectiveness of these strategies. Several databases were searched for evaluation studies of digital interventions specifically designed for children and adolescents up to the age of 18, without imposing any restrictions on the publication dates (e.g., APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo). The methodological quality of the included studies was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The review covered 26 studies, which included a total of 24 distinct digital interventions targeting general aggression (<i>N</i> = 9), bullying and/or cyberbullying (<i>N</i> = 11), and violence in intimate partner relationships (<i>N</i> = 4). These interventions, encompassing interactive games, online activities, and video training, have shown promising potential in preventing youth violence by targeting essential skills such as conflict resolution, emotion regulation, knowledge and awareness, empathy, and self-efficacy. Key areas for the improvement of digital interventions in youth violence prevention involve conducting careful evaluations, refining strategies, and considering cultural factors during intervention design. Also, efforts must be prioritized to ensure their longevity and sustained accessibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45912,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Research Review","volume":"9 2","pages":"165 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83274643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eleanor Keiller, Aisling Murray, Megan Tjasink, Jane Bourne, Dennis Ougrin, Catherine Elizabeth Carr, Jennifer Y. F. Lau
{"title":"Children and Young People’s Perception of the Active Ingredients of Dramatherapy When Used as a Treatment for Symptoms of Emotional Disorders: A Meta-synthesis","authors":"Eleanor Keiller, Aisling Murray, Megan Tjasink, Jane Bourne, Dennis Ougrin, Catherine Elizabeth Carr, Jennifer Y. F. Lau","doi":"10.1007/s40894-023-00221-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40894-023-00221-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A developing evidence base suggests that dramatherapy, a creative form of psychotherapy, is a useful treatment for child and adolescent emotional disorders. However, little is known regarding the therapeutic benefits (“active ingredients”) of this intervention. A systematic search and meta-synthesis of secondary qualitative data reflecting participants’ perceptions of active ingredients of dramatherapy for symptoms of emotional disorders (anxiety, depression and trauma-related stress) was conducted. Six analytical themes emerged from eight studies. Dramatherapy as a learning (1) and social (2) experience and dramatherapy as a positive intervention (3) which supports self-expression (4) and emotion regulation (5) were identified as active ingredients. The skill and professionalism of dramatherapists (6) were also identified. This study is limited as the data available were not collected for the primary purpose of identifying active ingredients, more focused investigations may reveal different findings. In addition, studies contributed unequal amounts of data thus, findings may be skewed. The findings of this synthesis were benchmarked against other interventions commonly offered to children and young people with emotional distress. Three active ingredients (dramatherapy is fun, dramatherapy builds confidence, participants process difficulties through drama) were deemed unique to dramatherapy. Further research could employ mediation analysis to determine therapeutic mechanisms of change of this intervention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45912,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Research Review","volume":"9 2","pages":"317 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40894-023-00221-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81389281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Padraic Rocliffe, Manolis Adamakis, Brendan T. O’Keeffe, Liam Walsh, Aine Bannon, Luis Garcia-Gonzalez, Fiona Chambers, Michalis Stylianou, Ian Sherwin, Patricia Mannix-McNamara, Ciaran MacDonncha
{"title":"The Impact of Typical School Provision of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sports on Adolescent Mental Health and Wellbeing: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Padraic Rocliffe, Manolis Adamakis, Brendan T. O’Keeffe, Liam Walsh, Aine Bannon, Luis Garcia-Gonzalez, Fiona Chambers, Michalis Stylianou, Ian Sherwin, Patricia Mannix-McNamara, Ciaran MacDonncha","doi":"10.1007/s40894-023-00220-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40894-023-00220-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Typical school provision of physical education, physical activity and sports, which is reflective of the school’s response to the national curriculum, available resources and school ethos, may impact adolescent mental health and wellbeing. Systematic literature reviews have not yet considered this impact. The Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PsychINFO, ERIC and MEDLINE databases were searched for relevant literature (2000–2022) pertaining to adolescents aged 12–18 years in secondary schools. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria, including thirteen interventions, five cross-sectional and two longitudinal studies. Included studies contributed 108 reported effects, that examined depression, anxiety, self-esteem, self-efficacy, wellbeing, life satisfaction and positive mental health. Anxiety was the most frequently reported outcome, with 59% of the reported findings found to be non-significant, 24% significantly positive, 12% significantly negative and 6% reporting a negative trend but with no test of significance. Evidence supported the impact of physical education on adolescent mental health and wellbeing. Significantly positive effects were linked to interventions with minor modifications to typical provision such as the integration of teacher workshops and/or implementation of curriculum models. This suggests the importance of supplementing typical school provision of physical education to positively influence future impact.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45912,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Research Review","volume":"9 2","pages":"339 - 364"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40894-023-00220-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87531042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolyn Elizabeth Alchin, Tanya M. Machin, Neil Martin, Lorelle J. Burton
{"title":"Authenticity and Inauthenticity in Adolescents: A Scoping Review","authors":"Carolyn Elizabeth Alchin, Tanya M. Machin, Neil Martin, Lorelle J. Burton","doi":"10.1007/s40894-023-00218-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40894-023-00218-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In everyday life, adolescents’ authenticity and inauthenticity (sense of, and being, the real me/true self; or false self/not the real me) are assumed to be general indicators of their psychosocial health as they navigate developmental processes of identity exploration and relational connectedness on their way to adulthood. Authenticity is important for psychological thriving in adolescents and inauthenticity is considered maladaptive, but there was no broad and systematic evidence-based resource on the topic. Therefore, this scoping review maps: (1) how authenticity and inauthenticity in adolescents (12–18 years old) have been understood, defined, and characterized; (2) what is known about authenticity and inauthenticity; (3) contexts authenticity and inauthenticity have been explored in; and (4) methodological approaches utilized. This review followed a pre-registered protocol (2852 records identified; 39 peer-reviewed primary research studies included). The review revealed authenticity and inauthenticity are typically: characterized as dispositional, involving thoughts, feelings, awareness, and a sense of being one’s true self or a false self; investigated quantitatively; and contextualized in close social relationships (parents, friends, classmates). Authenticity and inauthenticity outcomes included friendship quality, wellbeing, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, internet addiction, and moral disengagement. Adolescents’ authenticity generally increases over time and social support is very important for that process. Adolescents can be more authentic if parents facilitate adolescents’ increasing independence and support role experimentation. Future research should target state (here-and-now) authenticity, as a critical finding was that autonomy satisfaction has an immediate and positive influence on adolescents’ state authenticity, which implies people interacting with adolescents can promptly boost their capacity for positive psychological development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45912,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Research Review","volume":"9 2","pages":"279 - 315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40894-023-00218-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74687707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facial and Vocal Emotion Recognition in Adolescence: A Systematic Review","authors":"Barbra Zupan, Michelle Eskritt","doi":"10.1007/s40894-023-00219-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40894-023-00219-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ability to recognize emotion is important to wellbeing and building relationships with others, making this skill important in adolescence. Research investigating adolescents’ ability to recognize facial and vocal emotion expressions has reported differing conclusions about the pattern of emotion recognition across this developmental period. This systematic review aimed to clarify the pattern of recognition for facial and vocal emotion expressions, and the relationship of performance to different task and emotion expression characteristics. A comprehensive and systematic search of the literature was conducted using six databases. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data for adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age and measure accuracy of the recognition of emotion cues in either the face or voice. A total of 2333 studies were identified and 47 met inclusion criteria. The majority of studies focused on facial emotion recognition. Overall, early, mid-, and late-adolescents showed a similar pattern of recognition for both facial and vocal emotion expressions with the exception of Sad facial expressions. Sex of the participant also had minimal impact on the overall recognition of different emotions. However, analysis showed considerable variability according to task and emotion expression characteristics. Future research needs to increase focus on recognition of complex emotions, and low-intensity emotion expressions as well as the influence of the inclusion of Neutral as a response option.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45912,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Research Review","volume":"9 2","pages":"253 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40894-023-00219-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90194115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shauna E. Byrne, Christopher J. Basten, John McAloon
{"title":"The Development of Disordered Eating in Male Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Prospective Longitudinal Studies","authors":"Shauna E. Byrne, Christopher J. Basten, John McAloon","doi":"10.1007/s40894-023-00217-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40894-023-00217-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A lack of research exists about the development of disordered eating in adolescent males. A systematic review was undertaken with the primary aim of identifying psychosocial risk factors that are prospectively associated with the development of disordered eating attitudes and behavior in adolescent males. The review’s secondary aim was to appraise the appropriateness of the psychometric assessment measures used to identify those risk factors. Electronic databases Scopus (Elsevier), PsycINFO (EBSCO), PsycARTICLES, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection and Pubmed (Thomson Reuters) were searched for prospective longitudinal research involving 11–19 year-old adolescents that was published between 2010 and 2022. Twenty-one publications met inclusion criteria and thirty-five factors including fourteen psychological factors, ten body appearance factors, four sociocultural factors, three familial and four peer factors were identified as prospectively associated with the development of disordered eating attitudes and behavior in male adolescents. The psychometric assessment measures used to identify those factors, together with the proportion of female respondents upon whose data the measures were based, were critically appraised. Accurate assessment is imperative in generating reliable and valid research and informing clinical practice. Existing female-centric psychometric assessments normed predominantly on female participants may not be appropriate for use with adolescent males.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45912,"journal":{"name":"Adolescent Research Review","volume":"9 2","pages":"227 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40894-023-00217-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78447090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}