Labour-England最新文献

{"title":"Endogenous Female Labour Force Participation and Their Attachment to the Labour Market","authors":"Makoto Masui","doi":"10.1111/labr.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explores the behavior of female workers in Japan regarding labour market participation using a search and matching model with endogenous participation, heterogeneous productivity and variable participation costs. The model containing variable participation costs enables us to capture how women's market attachment responds to employment-enhancing policies. Key findings include: (i) employed women in Japan tend to leave the labour market and become non-participants from the social efficiency perspective; (ii) policies supporting female participation improve social welfare but do not necessarily enhance workforce attachment; (iii) improved matching efficiency boosts employment and welfare but decreases female labour attachment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"39 4","pages":"249-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145436258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immigrant Gaps in Job Quality: Canadian Immigrant Women's Resilience to Automation","authors":"Ana Ferrer,&nbsp;Sumeet Singh Dhatt","doi":"10.1111/labr.12293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12293","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gaps in job quality between immigrant and domestic-born workers do not only concern pay but extend to other attributes. We consider resilience to technological change as a measure of job quality and analyze job tasks most likely to describe a non-automatable job. We quantify the economic value of closing initial gaps in non-routine cognitive job tasks for university-educated women as equivalent to a 4% to 9% increase in their hourly wage. However, although immigrant resilience improves with time in Canada, most of the gains occur through routine cognitive tasks, generally believed to be subject to higher automation risk.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"39 4","pages":"271-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145436436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Moderating Effect of Firm-Specificity on the Impact of Unemployment on the Demand for Apprentices: Evidence From Switzerland During COVID19","authors":"Guillaume M. A. Morlet,&nbsp;Thomas Bolli","doi":"10.1111/labr.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper evaluates how firm-specificity of apprenticeship training, equivalently firm-specificity, moderates the response of the demand for apprentices to the unemployment rate. We first present a simplified conceptual framework to illustrate mechanisms through which this moderating effect could occur. We then empirically analyse the impact of unemployment on the demand for apprentices, and the abovementioned moderating effect. Using Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood methodology, we exploit monthly variation in the unemployment rate within sectors and cantons. We find that the unemployment rate is insignificantly associated with the demand for apprentices overall during the COVID19 period in Switzerland. We subsequently use a firm-level survey conducted before COVID19 to construct three measures of firm-specificity. Using each measure, firm-specificity significantly moderates the effect of the unemployment rate on the demand for apprentices. A rise in the unemployment rate statistically and economically significantly reduces the demand for apprentices for firms imparting less firm-specific training. On the other hand, a rise in the unemployment rate statistically and economically insignificantly affects the demand for apprentices within firms imparting more firm-specific training. Our results are robust to the use of multiple measures of firm-specificity and to the inclusion of controls capturing exposure to the pandemic and its economic support measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"39 4","pages":"325-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/labr.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145436435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unequal Job Security, Unemployment Scarring, and the Distribution of Welfare in a Search and Bargaining Model","authors":"Scott Abrahams","doi":"10.1111/labr.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>What causes unemployment to concentrate among the same workers over time, and what are the welfare consequences? I demonstrate that unemployment scarring emerges naturally in a frictional labor market when firms with lower-productivity matches have smaller profit margins to absorb negative shocks. I develop a search model with endogenous job termination that reproduces two key empirical regularities: lower-wage jobs are less stable and previous unemployment predicts future job loss. The model captures a crucial non-monotonic pattern I document empirically, where termination risk drops sharply in the left tail of the wage distribution but flattens beyond the median wage. This mechanism increases lifetime wage and unemployment inequality by 7% compared to models with uniform termination risk. Counterfactual experiments reveal that unemployment insurance reduces scarring by enabling workers to wait for higher-quality matches, but simultaneously strengthens workers' bargaining position, which counterintuitively decreases job security at every productivity level.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"39 3","pages":"189-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusion of Retirees in Self-Employment: A Human Capital Approach","authors":"Sabine Richter-Trummer,&nbsp;Sonja A. Sackmann","doi":"10.1111/labr.12294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12294","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Engaging in self-employment after retiring is rising. Many governments perceive this as a strategy for extending working lives. Based on the employability perspective, this study examines human capital over an individual's lifespan associated with engagement in self-employment after retiring. Specific human capital factors were examined using a time-discrete event history analysis based on panel data with seven waves (<i>N</i> = 4.538 retirees). The results show that education and work experience are relatively effective for predicting self-employment after retiring. Most demographic factors of human capital were not significant in predicting postretirement engagement. Thus, a broader perspective is suggested for future research.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"39 3","pages":"206-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Leave Intentions, Gender, and Job Discrimination: Insights From a Swedish Field Experiment","authors":"Ali Ahmed,&nbsp;Mimmi Gustafsson,&nbsp;Johanna Rydén,&nbsp;Lydia Wallin Claesson","doi":"10.1111/labr.12292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12292","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper reports on a field experiment investigating hiring discrimination in the Swedish labor market against job candidates signaling intentions to take part-time parental leave. Swedish law prohibits labor market discrimination related to parental leave. We conducted a correspondence test, sending job applications to 960 employers in one male-dominated and one female-dominated low-skilled occupation. Applicants who indicated plans for parental leave were significantly less likely to receive job interview invitations, with their chances cut by half compared to those who did not mention such plans. This bias emerged across genders and occupations, revealing a systemic issue in the labor market.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"39 3","pages":"233-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/labr.12292","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of the Post Graduate Work Permit Program on the Earnings of International Students: Evidence From Canadian Employer Employee Dynamics Dataset","authors":"Rushde Akbar,&nbsp;Rupa Banerjee","doi":"10.1111/labr.12291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12291","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the impact of Canada's Post-Graduation Work Permit Program (PGWPP) on the experience premium of former international students using the Canadian Employer-Employee Dynamics Dataset (CEEDD). The PGWPP allows former international students to work in Canada without restrictions, theoretically equalizing their job prospects with Canadian-born workers and immigrants arriving directly from abroad. Using employer-employee fixed effects models, the study found that the PGWPP reduced the experience premium for former international students by 4.6%. Additionally, the policy had unintended negative effects on other immigrant groups. We explore potential explanations for these outcomes and offer policy recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"39 3","pages":"219-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/labr.12291","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reforming Dual Labor Markets: “Real” or “Contractual” Temporary Rates?","authors":"J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz,&nbsp;Manu García,&nbsp;Luis A. Puch,&nbsp;Jesús Ruiz","doi":"10.1111/labr.12290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12290","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper examines the impact of Spain's 2021 labor reform on job creation, job destruction, and employment duration using new, comprehensive daily administrative data. The reform's primary objective was to reduce the rate of nominal (i.e., contractual) temporary employment. Although the reform succeeded in lowering the incidence of temporary contracts in a dual labor market, the evidence indicates that overall employment stability—as measured by job duration—and short-term employment transitions (i.e., real or empirical temporary employment) have not experienced significant improvement, either across the economy or within specific industries.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"39 2","pages":"162-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pension Reforms and Personnel Decisions","authors":"Peter Berg,&nbsp;Marissa Eckrote-Nordland,&nbsp;Mary Hamman,&nbsp;Daniela Hochfellner,&nbsp;Matthew M. Piszczek,&nbsp;Christopher J. Ruhm","doi":"10.1111/labr.12289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12289","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While the empirical literature on the effects of pension reform on workers is broad, less is known about the impact on employers. Yet reforms that create incentives to postpone retirement may affect employer labor demand and labor costs, especially in settings where there are strict legal protections against age discrimination in employment. We examine whether the differential impact of pension reform leads to differences in the incidence of workforce downsizing and hiring. When looking at hiring, we find that firms with larger shares of older workers decrease overall hiring. However, they have an increase in the shares of newly hired older workers. Results on downsizing are mixed, yet all are very small and statistically insignificant. This may be due to strong work protections in place in Germany.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"39 2","pages":"89-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Effect of Wrongful Discharge Laws on Women's Occupational Employment","authors":"Eric Hoyt,&nbsp;Fidan Ana Kurtulus","doi":"10.1111/labr.12287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/labr.12287","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous empirical literature on US wrongful discharge laws, a judicial form of employment protection, has identified ways in which these policies have changed employers' hiring and firing practices, but has lacked a systematic analysis of the impact on workplace gender composition. This paper is the first to investigate the impact of state adoption of wrongful discharge laws on occupational gender diversity within American workplaces. We use restricted establishment-level longitudinal data that are uniquely suited for the analysis of this topic obtained from the United States. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEO-1 Employer Information Reports). We utilize difference-in-differences regression methodology to first estimate the overall impact of wrongful discharge laws, and then examine the dynamics of wrongful discharge law impacts using event study regressions. We then examine the interplay between state wrongful discharge laws and state gender employment discrimination laws in shaping female employment composition at workplaces. First, we find that the adoption of one wrongful discharge law in particular, the good faith doctrine, is associated with an increase in women's employment share in laborer jobs within private-sector establishments of 0.80 percentage points, and that this is a causal impact given the pattern of yearly impacts found using our event study analysis. Our findings suggest that the good faith doctrine has facilitated reduction in barriers women have historically faced in blue-collar jobs. Second, while we find that the good faith doctrine is associated with a statistically significant increase in the share of women in officer and managerial jobs, and that the public policy doctrine is associated with a significant rise in women's share of professional jobs, our event study results cast doubt that these are causal impacts. Finally, our exploration of the interaction between state wrongful discharge laws and state gender discrimination laws reveals that, generally, state gender discrimination laws neither amplify nor diminish the impact of wrongful discharge laws on women's occupational employment within establishments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":45843,"journal":{"name":"Labour-England","volume":"39 2","pages":"101-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}