African Journal of Disability最新文献

{"title":"The voice of a group of teachers in full-service schools in South Africa","authors":"A. Hugo, Nafiza Mobara","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42664310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming barriers for people with disabilities participating in income-generating activities: A proposed development framework.","authors":"Nokuthula Tinta, Unathi Kolanisi","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1133","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People with disabilities in sheltered workshops are disempowered and face many barriers, adversely affecting their income-generating activities and weakening their competitiveness in the labour market. There is limited evidence on how to overcome these barriers.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This paper seeks to propose a framework to overcome the barriers experienced by people with disabilities participating in income-generating activities in a sheltered workshop.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The qualitative exploratory single case study was done with observations and semi-structured interviews as data collection methods. Purposive sampling was used to select 24 participants between ages 22 and 52 years, and content analysis was done of transcribed interviews. Community-based rehabilitation (CBR) guidelines were used to develop the framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A proposed framework was developed that outlined intervention strategies to address the barriers experienced by sheltered workshop participants to promote increased participation of people with disabilities in income-generation activities, thereby improving their quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The participation of people with disabilities in income-generating activities is hindered by several barriers. However, the proposed framework overcomes the barriers to effective participation in income-generating activities.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>People with disabilities will benefit from this framework as it will address their challenges and needs for empowerment. It would also inform stakeholders involved about these challenges and strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"12 ","pages":"1133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10091055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9311082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'People don't understand what we go through!': Caregiver views on South Africa's care dependency grant.","authors":"Zara Trafford","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1114","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caregivers are under enormous pressure in trying to provide for the needs of their children with disabilities in South Africa. The care dependency grant (CDG), an unconditional cash transfer, is the primary state-subsidised intervention for the social protection of low-income caregivers of children with disabilities.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary objective of this substudy, within a larger multistakeholder qualitative project, was to investigate caregiver perspectives on CDG assessment and application, their beliefs about the purpose of the CDG and how they actually used these funds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data for this qualitative research included in-depth individual interviews and one focus group discussion. Six low-income caregivers who were current or previous CDG beneficiaries participated. Deductive thematic analysis was conducted using codes related to the objectives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Access to the CDG was usually too late and over-complicated. Caregivers were grateful for the CDG but it was insufficient to cover the costs of care, in the context of high unemployment and weaknesses in complementary social services. Pressure on these caregivers was intensified by criticism in their social environments and a lack of respite care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Caregivers need service providers to be better trained and for systems of referral to available social services to be strengthened. The whole of society ought also to be targeted for increased social inclusion facilitated by improvements in understandings of the lived experience and cost of disability.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The rapid time from data collection to write-up of this study will aid in building the evidence base on the CDG, an urgent priority for South Africa's journey towards comprehensive social protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"12 ","pages":"1114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9982474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9395961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family quality of life and children with disability in Ethiopia: The role of support providers.","authors":"Julia Jansen-van Vuuren, Solomon Dawud, Rosemary Lysaght, Beata Batorowicz, Heather M Aldersey","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1124","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Family quality of life (FQOL) is an important outcome for families of children with disabilities globally and provision of support is associated with enhanced FQOL. However, FQOL research primarily focuses on conceptualisation and measurement, and originates from high-income contexts despite the fact that most children with disabilities live in low-income countries.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The authors examined how Ethiopian disability support providers practically contribute to meeting the needs of families of children with disabilities to enhance FQOL.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Building on a previous study exploring Ethiopian families' perspectives on FQOL, the authors used an exploratory descriptive qualitative approach to interview various support providers. Interviews were conducted virtually (because of the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic) in English or with interpreting assistance. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Support providers affirmed what families had described as important for FQOL - spirituality, relationships, self-sufficiency - and recognised their enormous support needs. They described various ways to support families - emotionally, physically, materially and informationally. They also expressed challenges and their need for support to meet families' needs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ethiopian families of children with disabilities need holistic support that incorporates spirituality, the whole family's needs and disability awareness-raising. Collaborative and committed engagement from all stakeholders is necessary to support Ethiopian families to flourish.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study contributes to global understandings of FQOL and describes practical approaches to support families of children with disabilities in an African context. The findings of this study highlight the influence of spirituality, relationships, self-sufficiency, poverty and stigma and the need for holistic support and disability awareness-raising to enhance FQOL.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"12 ","pages":"1124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9982469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9395962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Obuntu bulamu</i>: Parental peer-to-peer support for inclusion of children with disabilities in Central Uganda.","authors":"Ruth Nalugya, Harriet Nambejja, Claire Nimusiima, Elizabeth S Kawesa, Geert van Hove, Janet Seeley, Femke Bannink Mbazzi","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.948","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Obuntu bulamu</i>, a peer-to-peer support intervention for children, parents and teachers to improve the participation and inclusion of children with disabilities (CwD), was developed and tested in Uganda. The intervention consisted of disability-inclusive peer-to-peer training and support activities. In this article, parent participation in and evaluation of the intervention are discussed.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aims to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative Afrocentric intervention study was implemented in 10 schools in Wakiso district in Central Uganda. Researchers purposely selected CwD aged 8-14 years, their peers and parents from 10 primary schools with on average three CwD per school. A total of 64 study parents (33 parents of CwD and 31 peers) were interviewed at baseline and endline. Two focus group discussions were held with 14 parents at midline. Parents also participated in a consultative meeting about the intervention design at baseline and two evaluation and feedback workshops at midline and endline. Thematic data analysis was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings showed that parents found the intervention inspiring, acceptable, culturally appropriate and supportive, as it built on values and practices from their own cultural tradition. Parents reported that the intervention enhanced a sense of togetherness and belonging and helped them to develop more positive attitudes towards CwD and disability inclusion. They felt the intervention increased participation and inclusion of CwD at home, school and in communities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The <i>Obuntu bulamu</i> peer-to-peer support intervention is an acceptable, culturally appropriate intervention with the potential to improve inclusion of CwD. Further studies are recommended to measure the effectiveness of the intervention.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The paper contributes to existing evidence that there is need for more Afrocentric interventions, which built on cultural values and practices. Interventions based on indigenous values have a greater potential to be acceptable, can foster integration and are likely to be more sustainability to achieve disability inclusion. In the article we describe parental perspectives of the Obuntu bulamu intervention, an intervention to improve inclusion of children with disabilities, which was designed by children, parents, teachers, educationalists, and academics from Uganda.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"12 ","pages":"948"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9900304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9507215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Third party disability of family members of adults with dysphagia.","authors":"Kim Coutts, Bibi Sayed","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1040","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Third-party disability (TPD) has been studied in multiple patients including those with aphasia and hearing loss. Only one study has been done in relation to caregivers of adults with dysphagia. Third-party disability has been analysed using the International Classification of Function and Disability (ICF) framework. This study, therefore, used the ICF model to explore TPD of caregivers of adults with dysphagia for the context of Johannesburg in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe how caregivers experience TPD when caring for adults with a dysphagia in Johannesburg.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from five primary adult caregivers, who were all family members, from government clinics in Johannesburg. This article reports the findings from the interviews that were analysed thematically using a top-down analysis approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Caregivers experienced challenges related to TPD mostly related to difficulties of being able to do activities of daily living for themselves, their household chores and attending social engagements. The use of body structure and function from the ICF model was not overtly applicable to the caregiver population. A new visual representation has been suggested to highlight the key themes to augment the social and psychological changes as seen on the ICF framework and demonstrated the specific interaction that these factors had on one another.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Third-party disability is present in caregivers of patients with dysphagia. Healthcare workers need to be aware of the impact that this can have when preparing home management strategies. This newly devised representation can assist in creating a locally relevant patient-centred care approach but requires future input.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This article has provided greater insight into TPD in caregivers of adult patients with dysphagia in an urban African context. It has led to new information that can be used as an adjunct to the ICF model when understanding this phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"12 ","pages":"1040"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9900314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10675458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restricted participation: Drivers, experiences and implications of disability stigma in Ethiopia.","authors":"Esther Breffka, Caroline Jagoe, Susan P Murphy, Belestie B Tsegaw","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1085","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community-based inclusive development (CBID) acknowledges society's critical role in supporting the active participation of persons with disabilities. However, research on how this approach relates to the context-sensitive socially situated barriers of disability stigma is underexplored.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to understand the drivers and experiences of disability stigma in Ethiopia, from the perspective of persons with disabilities engaged in CBID programmes, and to establish how disability stigma acts as a barrier to participation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An inductive methodological approach guided the research design. Mixed methods were used including a narrative review of disabilities studies literature, 16 semi-structured interviews with persons with disabilities, and a quantitative survey of 970 persons with disabilities across three communities in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Informed by theories of epistemic justice, this study identified specific indicators of meaningful participation and examined how these relate to experiences of disability stigma. The study found that the participation of adults with disabilities in society is restricted across different areas of life. Misconceptions about the causes of disability and social perceptions regarding the capacities of persons with disabilities are found to exacerbate stigma and act as a barrier to participation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Targeted efforts to challenge internalised norms and harmful beliefs within CBID approaches are required to address disadvantages arising from embedded disability stigma.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study makes conceptual, empirical and practical contributions that advance insights into the relationship between disability stigma and participation in Ethiopia and the dimensions of epistemic justice relevant to understanding the nature and drivers of disability stigma.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"12 ","pages":"1085"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9900290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10675455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out-of-home life spaces valued by urban older adults with limited income.","authors":"Hester M van Biljon,&nbsp;Lana van Niekerk,&nbsp;Nicola A Plastow,&nbsp;Lizette Swanepoel","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Access to, and occupational performance in, out-of-home-life-spaces is linked to health, wellbeing and quality of life for older adults. There is little evidence of how this relates to older adults with limited resources in an African urban context.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the out-of-home-life-spaces accessed and valued by older adults with limited resources, living in an urban South African setting.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An exploratory concurrent mixed methods study saw 84 rehabilitation clinicians conduct 393 face-to-face interviews with older adults. Clinicians produced reflective field notes and participated in focus groups. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics with SPSS Version X. Qualitative data were analysed through inductive content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Older adults walked, used mini-bus taxis or private vehicles to get to places of worship, medical facilities, shops, family and friends and special interest gatherings on a weekly or monthly frequency. Lack of funds was the main barrier. Older adults aspired to travel, go on holiday and to visit out-of-town family homes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exploring the daily lived experience of older, urban South Africans with limited resources brought to light the value they attribute to participation in activities that contribute to the wellbeing of their families and communities. Such activities are found in a variety of life spaces.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>Results could inform policy makers and service providers in their planning of community mobility, transportation services and health care, for older adults with limited resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"12 ","pages":"1177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10244872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9609142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Availability and use of assistive technologies at selected South African public libraries.","authors":"Takalani M M Mamafha,&nbsp;Patrick Ngulube,&nbsp;Luyanda Dube,&nbsp;Sindile A Ngubane","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Assistive technologies (ATs) enable persons with visual impairment (PwVI) to equitably benefit from public library resources and services as their sighted counterparts. However, the extent to which this facility is available and used at public libraries in less-developed countries remains largely unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study reports on the investigation done on the availability and use of ATs by PwVI at public libraries in the cities of Ekurhuleni and Johannesburg in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study used a multimethod and explanatory sequential design in which data were collected through questionnaires administered with 131 librarians and interviews held with 10 PwVI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of the study point towards inadequate availability of computers with internet services, audiotapes, screen magnifying and reading software, and these were used for, among others, leisure, research, job searching and communication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concludes that certain ATs were inadequately available and used by PwVI at some libraries in the cities of Ekurhuleni and Johannesburg. The study recommends training for PwVI on how to use ATs, marketing of available ATs, training of staff on how to render AT-based services as well as management availing adequate budget for the development of AT-based collection.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study contributes to the understanding of the types of ATs available and used by PwVI in public libraries.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"12 ","pages":"1141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10476220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10160203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human capabilities of South African parents who have children with developmental disabilities.","authors":"Lumka Magidigidi,&nbsp;Nicolette V Roman,&nbsp;Inge K Sonn","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parenting a child with a developmental disability (DD) has a substantial influence on the lives of the parents or caregivers, as well as on how the family operates. This is frequently because of the adjustments in some daily practices that are crucial for parents' or caregivers' human capabilities to provide for childcare. There is not enough research done on human capabilities of parents or children with DD in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the available support in improving the human capabilities of parents or caregivers with children with DD and the bodily health and bodily integrity human capabilities of parents or caregivers with children with DD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 parents or caregivers of children aged between 1 and 8 years old with DD. This study used snowball sampling. Thematic data analysis was chosen to analyse the data collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the study indicate that participants have difficulties bringing up their children because of the emotional strain that goes along with parenting a child with DD. In addition, participants were not able to afford decent and satisfactory shelter and had limited access to good quality food because they could not afford it.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A lack of social support and care burden influences parents' or caregivers' ability to raise their child with developmental disability.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study contains helpful information about families of children with DD in under-resourced locations. The information may be of significance to policymakers who are accountable for designing and executing policies that are targeted at assisting parents or caregivers of children with DD.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"12 ","pages":"1155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10331022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9812387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}