African Journal of Disability最新文献

{"title":"Non-use of healthcare services among persons with mobility impairments in Cofimvaba, South Africa.","authors":"Babalwa Tshaka,&nbsp;Surona Visagie,&nbsp;Lieketseng Y Ned","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Access to primary health care is a fundamental right for all. However, persons with disabilities are experiencing difficulties when accessing healthcare because of various environmental and personal barriers which may lead to nonuse of such services.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to identify the challenges leading to non-use of healthcare services among persons with mobility impairments in Cofimvaba.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A descriptive qualitative design using snowball sampling was implemented. Semistructured interviews were conducted in isiXhosa with five participants who stopped accessing healthcare, using a self-developed interview guide. Inductive thematic analysis was used to develop codes and themes from the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Study findings revealed major challenges experienced by persons with mobility impairments in accessing healthcare. These included inaccessible roads, geographic inaccessibility, financial accessibility and indirect cost of care, having little or not many health problems, physical infrastructure difficulties within facilities, and attitudinal barriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicated that persons with disabilities are experiencing a combination of structural and environmental challenges which make them stop accessing healthcare.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The article shares insights on access challenges that influence non-use of the often-needed healthcare services within the context of rural areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"12 ","pages":"1112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9900281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10675456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social participation of individuals with spinal injury using wheelchairs in rural Tanzania after peer training and entrepreneurial skills training.","authors":"Annabelle de Serres-Lafontaine,&nbsp;Delphine Labbé,&nbsp;Charles S Batcho,&nbsp;Lucy Norris,&nbsp;Krista L Best","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) in less-resourced settings reported barriers to community integration, including inaccessible rehabilitation services, restricted environments and limited social integration. Peer training and entrepreneurial skills training are provided by Motivation, a nonprofit organisation, and Moshi Cooperative University to enhance occupational engagement of individuals with SCI in less-resourced settings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the impact of peer training and entrepreneurial skills training on the social participation of individuals with SCI living in Tanzania.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using a qualitative photovoice approach, 10 participants captured meaningful photos and provided captions according to five standardised questions (PHOTO technique) to convey their messages. Participants selected up to 34 photos that best illustrated their experiences in the community. A mixed inductive-deductive thematic analysis was guided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two interrelated themes emerged: (1) 'influencing factors', which revealed how participants' inclusion in the community was influenced by their activities and personal and environmental factors and (2) 'empowerment', which highlighted participants' desire to advocate and promote awareness of needs and hopes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Participants emphasised the importance of accessibility and equal opportunities. Whilst some were able to overcome obstacles, others experienced continued inaccessibility that inhibited meaningful occupations. Daily participation challenges of individuals with SCI in rural Tanzania were highlighted. Although the Motivation programmes were perceived to have powerful impacts on social participation, continued efforts and advocacy are needed to overcome accessibility issues and to meet the physical, psychological and social needs of Tanzanians living with SCI.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This article highlights the importance of accessibility and equal opportunities for individuals with disability living in rural Tanzania. Peer-training and entrepreneurial programs offer community-based rehabilitation services that were perceived by people with disabilities to have a powerful impact on social participation and vocation. However, continued efforts and advocacy are needed to meet the needs of Tanzanians living with spinal cord injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"12 ","pages":"975"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9900306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10682050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stroke rehabilitation training program for community-based primary health care, South Africa.","authors":"Elsje Scheffler,&nbsp;Robert Mash","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With an increasing burden of stroke and a lack of access to rehabilitation services in rural South African settings, stroke survivors rely on untrained family caregivers for support and care. Community health workers (CHWs) support these families but have no stroke-specific training.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the development of a contextually appropriate stroke training program for CHWs in the Cape Winelands District, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty-six health professionals and CHWs from the local primary healthcare services participated in action research over a 15-month period from September 2014 to December 2015. The groups participated in two parallel cooperative inquiry (CI) groups. The inquiry followed the cyclical steps of planning, action, observation and reflection. In this article, the planning step and how the CI groups used the first three steps of the analyse, design, develop, implement, evaluate (ADDIE) instructional design model are described.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CHWs' scope of practice, learning needs, competencies and characteristics, as well as the needs of the caregivers and stroke survivors, were identified in the analysis step. The program design consisted of 16 sessions to be delivered over 20 h. Program resources were developed with appropriate technology, language and instructional methodology.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The program aims to equip CHWs to support family caregivers and stroke survivors in their homes as part of their generalist scope of practice. The implementation and initial evaluation will be described in a future article.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study developed a unique training program for CHWs to support caregivers and stroke survivors in a resource-constrained, rural, middle-income country setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"12 ","pages":"1135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10091063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9317824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How did South Africans with disabilities experience COVID-19? Results of an online survey.","authors":"Mary Wickenden,&nbsp;Tim G B Hart,&nbsp;Stephen J Thompson,&nbsp;Yul D Davids,&nbsp;Mercy Ngungu","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v12i0.1119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People with disabilities are a large, disadvantaged minority, comprising approximately 12% of the population. The South African government has ratified international and regional disability treaties but deals with disability rights within general anti-discrimination legislation. There are no specific frameworks to monitor justice for people with disabilities. The study aims to inform further development of disability inclusive mechanisms relating to crises including pandemics.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study explored the perceptions of South Africans with disabilities, to understand their experiences during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), focussing on socioeconomic, well-being and human rights aspects.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An online survey tool generated quantitative and qualitative data. Widespread publicity and broad recruitment were achieved through project partners networks. Participants responded via mobile phone and/or online platforms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nearly 2000 people responded, representing different genders, impairments, races, socio-economic status, education and ages. Findings include: (1) negative economic and emotional impacts, (2) a lack of inclusive and accessible information, (3) reduced access to services, (4) uncertainty about government and non-government agencies' support and (5)exacerbation of pre-existing disadvantages. These findings echo international predictions of COVID-19 disproportionally impacting people with disabilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The evidence reveals that people with disabilities in South Africa experienced many negative impacts of the pandemic. Strategies to control the virus largely ignored attending to human rights and socioeconomic well-being of this marginalised group.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The evidence will inform the development of the national monitoring framework, recognised by the South African Government and emphasised by the United Nations as necessary to ensure the realisation of the rights of people with disabilities during future crises including pandemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"12 ","pages":"1119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9982366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9412807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Table of Contents Vol 11 (2022)","authors":"Editorial Office","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1185","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available.","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44276906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Evaluating the awareness and knowledge of dyslexia among primary school teachers in Tshwane District, South Africa","authors":"Mary M Makgato, Monicca Leseyane-Kgari, M. Cekiso, I. P. Mandende, R. Masha","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1079","url":null,"abstract":"[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v11i0.807.].","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43365666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disability unplugged: What really matters to people with disabilities?","authors":"Chioma Ohajunwa, Callista Kahonde, Arne H Eide, Lieketseng Ned","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1172","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"11 ","pages":"1172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9772768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10442868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the framework and strategy for disability and rehabilitation services in South Africa.","authors":"Naeema A R Hussein El Kout, Sonti Pilusa, Khetsiwe Dlamini Masuku","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.893","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rehabilitation is imperative for the successful integration of persons with disabilities into their social environments. The Framework and strategy for disability and rehabilitation services (FSDR) in South Africa, 2015-2020.was developed to strengthen access to rehabilitation services and ensure the inclusion of persons with disabilities in all aspects of community life. Despite the FSDR being commissioned, access to rehabilitation is a challenge for persons with disabilities and further compounded in rural communities.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to describe the barriers and facilitators that influenced the process of development, implementation and monitoring of the FSDR.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This qualitative study employed a single case study design. Data was collected through document analysis and in-depth interviews utilising the Walt & Gilson policy analysis framework that outlines the context, content, actors and process of policy development and implementation. In-depth interviews were conducted with twelve key informants (N=12) who were selected purposively for the study. Data obtained from the in-depth interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found many factors that influenced the implementation of the framework. Actor dynamics, insufficient resources, the rushed process, poor record-keeping, inappropriate leadership, negative attitudes of staff members and the insufficient monitoring impeded the successful implementation of the framework. While positive attitude, mentorship and support amongst the task team facilitated the implementation process, albeit with challenges.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a need to address implementation gaps so that the FSDR is responsive to the current rehabilitation needs of persons with disabilities in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study may inform future disability policy, and can be used as a tool to advocate for the rights for persons with disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"11 ","pages":"893"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9772772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10437581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Disclosure of abuse in children and young adults with disabilities: Reasons and mitigation strategies Northwest Region of Cameroon.","authors":"Glory T Tsangue, Jacque Chirac Awa, Josephine Nsono, Charlotte W Ayima, Pius M Tih","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1025","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Child abuse is a serious public health issue in low- and middle-income countries, and children with disabilities are at greater risk of abuse. Despite this heightened risk, the abuse of children with disabilities often goes undetected and under-reported, leading to the continuity of such abuse by their abusers.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was aimed at identifying the reasons for non-disclosure of abuse and possible mitigating strategies to curb this dilemma in children and young adults with disabilities (CWD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based record-linkage qualitative study was conducted among CWD (both at home and in institutions) in the Northwest Region of Cameroon. Twelve key informant interviews and eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among key staff from child protection offices for child abuse, parents and teachers in schools. Fifty in-depth interviews were also conducted among children with disabilities. Reasons for nondisclosure and proposed mitigating approaches from audio tapes were transcribed verbatim, thematic analysis performed and findings reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A lack of knowledge on where to disclose, fear of stigma, long and expensive procedures, a lack of confidence in the justice system, threats from abusers, protection of family unity and friendship ties were linked with nondisclosures. The most common mitigating strategies postulated were sensitisation, capacity building on parenting and the creation of child protection committees.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From this study, nondisclosure of abuse is common in CWD, and thus there is a need for urgent attention to curb the situation for safer and more child-friendly environments through sensitisation, parental support and putting in place strategic child protection committees.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This article is based on the experience of all authors with interest in the field of disability. This article contributes to the pull of knowledge by providing context specific reasons for non-disclosure of abuse as well as mitigation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"11 ","pages":"1025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9772747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10442864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting length of hospital stay in stroke survivors in South Africa: A call for a stroke unit.","authors":"Stephanie C Pillay, Roxann Redant, Nadia Umuneza, Azra Hoosen, Fiona Breytenbach, Sameera Haffejee, Zvifadzo Matsena-Zingoni, Kganetso Sekome","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1065","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke in Africa is a growing and neglected crisis with the incidence more than doubling in low- to middle-income countries in the last four decades. Despite this growing threat, implementation of stroke models of care in hospitals is lacking. Stroke units as a model of care have been shown to decrease mortality, reduce length of hospital stay (LOS) and improve outcomes in stroke survivors.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the profile of stroke survivors and identify factors contributing to LOS at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH) in South Africa to support stroke unit implementation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study involved a retrospective record review of stroke survivors admitted to CHBAH between September 2018 and May 2019. Factors associated with LOS were determined using linear regression models; univariate and multiple regression models were fitted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 567 participants' data were included. Overall, 51.85% of the participants required services from all rehabilitation disciplines. The median LOS was 9 days (interquartile ranges [IQR]: 5-11 days) with each discipline providing an average of six sessions. Participants who were referred to the rehabilitation team 3 days after admission to hospital stayed 6 days longer compared with those participants who were referred earlier (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Delayed referral to the rehabilitation team resulted in increased LOS. This study supports the need for dedicated stroke units to decrease hospital LOS and improve patients' outcomes by ensuring early, well-coordinated rehabilitation intervention and discharge planning.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study highlights the urgency for re-evaluation of stroke care infrastructure within Gauteng to streamline and provide accessible stroke models of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"11 ","pages":"1065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9772707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10435814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}