African Journal of Disability最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum: Evaluating the awareness and knowledge of dyslexia among primary school teachers in Tshwane District, South Africa","authors":"Mary M Makgato, Monicca Leseyane-Kgari, M. Cekiso, I. P. Mandende, R. Masha","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1079","url":null,"abstract":"[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/ajod.v11i0.807.].","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43365666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disability unplugged: What really matters to people with disabilities?","authors":"Chioma Ohajunwa, Callista Kahonde, Arne H Eide, Lieketseng Ned","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1172","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"11 ","pages":"1172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9772768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10442868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the framework and strategy for disability and rehabilitation services in South Africa.","authors":"Naeema A R Hussein El Kout, Sonti Pilusa, Khetsiwe Dlamini Masuku","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.893","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rehabilitation is imperative for the successful integration of persons with disabilities into their social environments. The Framework and strategy for disability and rehabilitation services (FSDR) in South Africa, 2015-2020.was developed to strengthen access to rehabilitation services and ensure the inclusion of persons with disabilities in all aspects of community life. Despite the FSDR being commissioned, access to rehabilitation is a challenge for persons with disabilities and further compounded in rural communities.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to describe the barriers and facilitators that influenced the process of development, implementation and monitoring of the FSDR.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This qualitative study employed a single case study design. Data was collected through document analysis and in-depth interviews utilising the Walt & Gilson policy analysis framework that outlines the context, content, actors and process of policy development and implementation. In-depth interviews were conducted with twelve key informants (N=12) who were selected purposively for the study. Data obtained from the in-depth interviews were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found many factors that influenced the implementation of the framework. Actor dynamics, insufficient resources, the rushed process, poor record-keeping, inappropriate leadership, negative attitudes of staff members and the insufficient monitoring impeded the successful implementation of the framework. While positive attitude, mentorship and support amongst the task team facilitated the implementation process, albeit with challenges.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a need to address implementation gaps so that the FSDR is responsive to the current rehabilitation needs of persons with disabilities in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study may inform future disability policy, and can be used as a tool to advocate for the rights for persons with disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"11 ","pages":"893"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9772772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10437581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Disclosure of abuse in children and young adults with disabilities: Reasons and mitigation strategies Northwest Region of Cameroon.","authors":"Glory T Tsangue, Jacque Chirac Awa, Josephine Nsono, Charlotte W Ayima, Pius M Tih","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1025","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Child abuse is a serious public health issue in low- and middle-income countries, and children with disabilities are at greater risk of abuse. Despite this heightened risk, the abuse of children with disabilities often goes undetected and under-reported, leading to the continuity of such abuse by their abusers.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was aimed at identifying the reasons for non-disclosure of abuse and possible mitigating strategies to curb this dilemma in children and young adults with disabilities (CWD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based record-linkage qualitative study was conducted among CWD (both at home and in institutions) in the Northwest Region of Cameroon. Twelve key informant interviews and eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among key staff from child protection offices for child abuse, parents and teachers in schools. Fifty in-depth interviews were also conducted among children with disabilities. Reasons for nondisclosure and proposed mitigating approaches from audio tapes were transcribed verbatim, thematic analysis performed and findings reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A lack of knowledge on where to disclose, fear of stigma, long and expensive procedures, a lack of confidence in the justice system, threats from abusers, protection of family unity and friendship ties were linked with nondisclosures. The most common mitigating strategies postulated were sensitisation, capacity building on parenting and the creation of child protection committees.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>From this study, nondisclosure of abuse is common in CWD, and thus there is a need for urgent attention to curb the situation for safer and more child-friendly environments through sensitisation, parental support and putting in place strategic child protection committees.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This article is based on the experience of all authors with interest in the field of disability. This article contributes to the pull of knowledge by providing context specific reasons for non-disclosure of abuse as well as mitigation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"11 ","pages":"1025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9772747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10442864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting length of hospital stay in stroke survivors in South Africa: A call for a stroke unit.","authors":"Stephanie C Pillay, Roxann Redant, Nadia Umuneza, Azra Hoosen, Fiona Breytenbach, Sameera Haffejee, Zvifadzo Matsena-Zingoni, Kganetso Sekome","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1065","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke in Africa is a growing and neglected crisis with the incidence more than doubling in low- to middle-income countries in the last four decades. Despite this growing threat, implementation of stroke models of care in hospitals is lacking. Stroke units as a model of care have been shown to decrease mortality, reduce length of hospital stay (LOS) and improve outcomes in stroke survivors.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the profile of stroke survivors and identify factors contributing to LOS at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH) in South Africa to support stroke unit implementation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study involved a retrospective record review of stroke survivors admitted to CHBAH between September 2018 and May 2019. Factors associated with LOS were determined using linear regression models; univariate and multiple regression models were fitted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 567 participants' data were included. Overall, 51.85% of the participants required services from all rehabilitation disciplines. The median LOS was 9 days (interquartile ranges [IQR]: 5-11 days) with each discipline providing an average of six sessions. Participants who were referred to the rehabilitation team 3 days after admission to hospital stayed 6 days longer compared with those participants who were referred earlier (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Delayed referral to the rehabilitation team resulted in increased LOS. This study supports the need for dedicated stroke units to decrease hospital LOS and improve patients' outcomes by ensuring early, well-coordinated rehabilitation intervention and discharge planning.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study highlights the urgency for re-evaluation of stroke care infrastructure within Gauteng to streamline and provide accessible stroke models of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"11 ","pages":"1065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9772707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10435814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'I might be lucky and go back to school': Factors affecting inclusion in education for children with disabilities in rural Malawi.","authors":"Lena M Banks, Xanthe Hunt, Khumbo Kalua, Providence Nindi, Maria Zuurmond, Tom Shakespeare","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.981","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, children with disabilities are often excluded from and within schools.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study explored experiences of inclusion in education amongst children with disabilities in Malawi. The enquiry focused on the perspectives of children and their caregivers on barriers and enablers of inclusion.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 37 children with disabilities, 61 caregivers and 13 teachers from Ntcheu and Mangochi districts and analysed thematically using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, this research study found that children with disabilities face persistent and systemic barriers to attending, progressing and learning in school.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>School outcomes were influenced by a range of impairment-related, personal and environmental factors, including poor health, household poverty, attitudes of caregivers, teachers, peers and children themselves and school resources for inclusive education.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>These findings carry implications for policy and planning in inclusive education and other services to support the health and well-being of children with disabilities in Malawi.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"11 ","pages":"981"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9724077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10373404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Services and interventions needed to prevent secondary health conditions throughout the life span of people with spinal cord injury, South Africa.","authors":"Sonti I Pilusa, Hellen Myezwa, Joanne Potterton","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.881","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current evidence suggests a need for a care model that supports the prevention of secondary health conditions in people with spinal cord injury. Multiple complex factors influence the prevention of secondary health conditions. There is a need for holistic and systems-based prevention approaches, which target multiple levels.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the services and interventions needed to prevent secondary health conditions throughout the life span of people with spinal cord injury.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used a descriptive qualitative approach. Data was collected using focus group discussions with professionals in the rehabilitation field. The recorded group discussions were transcribed verbatim, and content analysis was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four focus group discussions were conducted. Four themes emerged from the analyses: patient-centred care, access to resources, promotion of health, and skilled healthcare workers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The suggested services and interventions needed to prevent secondary health conditions target the individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), health providers, health systems care approach and other sectors outside the health system. These services and interventions will inform the development of a preventive care model.</p>","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"11 ","pages":"881"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9724123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10373406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing resilience capacity for learners presenting with specific learning disability in learners with special education needs schools","authors":"D. Mawila","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1045","url":null,"abstract":"Background Preventing adversity from accelerating among learners with specific learning disabilities (SLD) is imperative. Continuous adversities, such as social-emotional, psychological and academic difficulties, characterise learners with SLD. Prior studies have been conducted on learners with SLD developing a disorder because of the difficulties they face. However, very few studies offer evidence of how learners presenting with SLD cope despite their learning disability. Objectives The study sought to investigate what resilience resources are available among learners with SLD in learners with special education needs (LSEN) schools and to provide stakeholders with evidence of resilience enablers for learners with SLD. Method An exploratory quantitative research study was adopted, and 217 respondents with SLD were selected through purposive sampling in four LSEN schools. These learners completed the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28). Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the custom table was used as a statistical technique Results Even though the presence of SLD negatively affects an individual’s academic, psychological, social and emotional functioning, the results of this study show that individual qualities, relationships with caregivers and peers and contextual resources were resilience-enabling resources for learners with SLD. Conclusion The study’s results show that the combination of individual attributes, relational and environmental factors enables the resilience of learners with SLD. When given accessible and meaningful support, learners with SLD can develop resilience. Contribution The study contributes to the dearth of knowledge regarding the resilience of learners with SLD in LSEN schools.","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42092979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special educators’ intentions towards supporting practice of inclusive education for students with disabilities in secondary schools in Ghana","authors":"M. Opoku","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v11i0.875","url":null,"abstract":"Background Although teacher training institutions have introduced courses in inclusive education to equip teachers with the necessary pedagogical skills to teach in diverse classrooms, it has been argued that the services of special educators are essential when it comes to teaching students with disabilities in regular classrooms. Unfortunately, there is scant literature on the views of special educators regarding the enactment of inclusive education in sub-Saharan African countries, such as Ghana. Objective In an effort towards promoting inclusive education in Ghana, there has been deployment of special educators across Ghana to supervise the implementation of inclusive education in schools. The purpose of this study was to explore the intentions of special educators towards supporting teachers to teach students with disabilities in secondary schools. Method Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour guided the development of interview guide for data collection for this qualitative study. Twelve special educators were purposively selected and interviewed from five districts in Ghana. Results The participants expressed their unpreparedness to work in secondary schools because of multiple factors, such as their job description, resistance from teachers, and inadequate teaching and learning materials. Conclusion This study concludes on the need for policymakers to reconsider the deployment of special educators to cluster of schools or geographical areas in order to supervise the education of children with disabilities.","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43189383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication strategies used by adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and health professionals during treatment","authors":"Monica Araujo, M. Mophosho, S. Moonsamy","doi":"10.4102/ajod.v11i0.811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v11i0.811","url":null,"abstract":"Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder, which affects social communicative capabilities. The research study has shown that ASD studies are focused on young children, excluding adolescents and adults: and it is understudied in the context of South Africa. Objective This study examined the interactional communication strategies of adolescents with ASD and health professionals during different treatment consultations to identify the interactional styles and communication strategies utilised by adolescents with ASD and their respective healthcare professionals in a variety of scenarios in order to generate management strategies for future healthcare professional communication training. Method A multi-case study design with a qualitative research approach has been used. Four adolescents with a moderate form of ASD and four health practitioners were interviewed. Participants were chosen by purpose and snowball sampling. Semi-structured, open-ended interviews were used for health professionals to collect information on the various interaction types and communication methods used, as well as their interpretations of these methods. Conversely, adapted face-to-face interviews were used to collect similar knowledge from adolescents themselves. The findings were qualitatively analysed on a case-by-case and cross-case basis by thematic analysis techniques. Results The findings indicated that ASD adolescents have interaction types that influence intervention to various degrees. In comparison to motor therapies such as occupational therapy and physiotherapy, interaction types have a greater impact on psychiatry and psychology, which depend mainly on verbal communication. Intuitively, to promote contact with these teens, all health practitioners changed their own interaction styles. They used techniques of clarification and repair. The therapists shared the intention to learn a range of successful ways to strengthen future experiences with ASD between themselves and adolescents. Conclusion The findings indicate that practitioners can benefit from altering their interaction styles, and that approaches for promoting successful interactions and in establishing rapport could be shared with other professionals in the future.","PeriodicalId":45606,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Disability","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41874837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}