{"title":"Transitional Demands","authors":"Mark Bould","doi":"10.1353/sfs.2023.a900284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sfs.2023.a900284","url":null,"abstract":"Transitional Demands Mark Bould (bio) John Rieder. Speculative Epistemologies: An Eccentric Account of SF from the 1960s to the Present. Liverpool UP, 2021. vii+ 183 pp. $137.50 hc, $47.99 pbk. In Speculative Epistemologies, the author of the justly influential Colonialism and the Emergence of Science Fiction (2008) and Science Fiction and the Mass Cultural Genre System (2017) continues to destabilize and reorient our understanding of sf. And once more, he displays his uncanny knack for spotting those things bobbing and flickering in the corner of sf studies' eye, of gathering them together and placing them center stage, and of saying things about sf that immediately strike you as obvious and true—but only after he has said them. Rieder's new book is concerned with \"truth effects in sf\" (1). It explores the interrelation of mimesis and rhetoric, of representation and persuasion, in sf works that \"challenge dominant assumptions about the normal, the possible, and the real\"—hence, \"speculative epistemologies\"—but that have occupied the edges or, rather, some of the multiple \"epicenters\" of sf—hence, \"eccentric\"—since the 1960s (2). His six key examples, to each of which he devotes a chapter, are Pamela Zoline's \"The Heat Death of the Universe\" (1967), Leslie Marmon Silko's Ceremony (1977), Samuel R. Delany's \"The Tale of Plague and Carnivals\" (1985), Theodore Roszak's The Memoirs of Elizabeth Frankenstein (1995), Albert Wendt's The Adventures of Vela (2009), and Donna Haraway's \"The Camille Stories\" (2016). Clearly, then, what is on offer is not, as the subtitle of Brian Aldiss's Billion Year Spree (1973) was sometimes rendered, the true history of sf, or even just the history of sf. Instead, Rieder navigates the last half century of sf, which he understands both as a \"fluid, historically malleable\" discursive object and as many often interweaving and overlapping communities of knowledge and practice (3). His six exemplary texts do not merely \"flirt with generic boundaries\"—they are \"boundary objects\" that \"draw together\" these subcultures and thus \"foreground social struggles against the maintenance of dominant knowledge systems\" (3). At the same time, they express the \"marginalized and alternative ways of knowing\" associated with women (Zoline, Roszak), Indigenous communities (Silko, Wendt) and queer communities (Delany, Haraway) (4), and because the period that interests Rieder also features the rise of sf studies and its associated subculture(s), two of his authors are also career academics (Roszak, Haraway) (19). Moreover, all six texts are rooted in \"the civil rights and women's movements of the 1950s and 1960s and their legacy in the ongoing struggle against institutional [End Page 271] racism and sexism, and in the allied pursuit of environmental activism\"; they are \"positioned at the prolific intersections of multiple histories, communities and discourses\" (152). Consequently, in addition to providing detailed close readings, Rieder traces","PeriodicalId":45553,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE-FICTION STUDIES","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135209926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard Bleiler, Curtis White, Antonio Sanna, Caryn Murphy, Pinaki Roy, Tanima Dutta, Angelique Nairn, Justin Matthews
{"title":"Notes and Correspondence","authors":"Richard Bleiler, Curtis White, Antonio Sanna, Caryn Murphy, Pinaki Roy, Tanima Dutta, Angelique Nairn, Justin Matthews","doi":"10.1353/sfs.2023.a900296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sfs.2023.a900296","url":null,"abstract":"Notes and Correspondence Richard Bleiler, Curtis White, Dr. Antonio Sanna, Caryn Murphy, Pinaki Roy, Tanima Dutta, Angelique Nairn, and Justin Matthews \"Fred Folio\" Unmasked The year 1855 saw the publication of a satiric work known variously as A Book for the Times: Lucy Boston, or, Woman's Rights and Spiritualism: Illustrating the Follies and Delusions of the Nineteenth Century and, more simply, as Lucy Boston, or, Woman's Rights and Spiritualism: Illustrating the Follies and Delusions of the Nineteenth Century. It is an anti-feminist/anti-spiritualist diatribe whose narrative relies upon what we today would describe as elements of science fiction and fantasy to \"prove\" its points. These include poltergeistic phenomena and seances (modeled after those of the young Fox sisters circa 1848) as well as extrapolation that reimagines the contemporary political system for satiric purposes. In the novel, women successfully change the New York State constitution to allow them to vote and hold office, and Lucy Boston succeeds in becoming Governor of New York. The reactionary messages of Lucy Boston resonated with its contemporary audience, and the book went through at least two editions of several thousand volumes each; but it is today a work known primarily by scholars of women's history and those interested in nineteenth-century fantastic satire. Elizabeth Lowry, for example, recognizes it as \"targeting the Fox sisters in particular,\" even though the Fox sisters had by 1855 \"more of less ceased public practice\" (\"Spiritual(R)Evolution and the Turning of Tables\" Journal for the Study of Radicalism 9.2 [Fall 2015]: 1-16). Although \"Fred Folio\" is generally known to have been pseudonymous, the identity behind the pseudonym has escaped bibliographers. It has not hitherto been noted that upon his death, \"Folio\" was identified in an obituary notice in The Hamilton Literary Monthly of 1886, a publication of Hamilton College in Clinton, New York: \"Rev. Frederick J. Jackson, '43, who died at Nyack, December 26th, 1885, was the author of 'Lucy Boston; or, Women's Rights and Spiritualism,' illustrating the foibles and delusions of the nineteenth century.\" Other resources show that Jackson was born on 8 March 1815 and served for a while as the Principal of the Tarrytown Military Institute. His grave lies in the Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, inadvertently linking him to a much greater American fantasist, Washington Irving, who is also buried in Tarrytown.—Richard Bleiler, Collections and Humanities Librarian, University of Connecticut Library, U of Connecticut, Storrs Second Annual C.S. Lewis Symposium at Ulster University, 13-14 November 2023, Ulster University, Coleraine (Northern Ireland) This two-day, public-facing academic symposium aims to examine C.S. Lewis in the light of his influence on twentieth and twenty-first century writers working in genres as varied as children's fiction, sf, literary and cultural criticism, popular apologetics, and even poetry. The centr","PeriodicalId":45553,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE-FICTION STUDIES","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135209927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lesbian Potentiality and Feminist Media in the 1970s by Roz Samer (review)","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/sfs.2023.a900291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sfs.2023.a900291","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: Lesbian Potentiality and Feminist Media in the 1970sby Roz Samer Kathryn Heffner Fannish Feminisms. Roz Samer. Lesbian Potentiality and Feminist Media in the 1970s. Duke UP, 2022. xii+ 290 pp. $104.95 hc, $27.95 pbk. Lesbian Potentiality and Feminist Media in the 1970sby Rox Samer focuses on how potentials and futurity are expressed in lesbian feminist media. Texts and other cultural productions discussed include independent media in film, art, and fan works that articulate lesbian and feminist subjectivities. Samer draws on Giorgio Agamben's \"On Potentiality\" (1999) in their readings of feminist media-making in the 1970s, extending Agamben's framework of potentiality to closely examine how lesbian futures were articulated then. For Samer, potentiality intersects with other critical examinations of queer futurities and deserves consideration, whether or not these potentials come to fruition. In examining lesbian-separatist ideologies and the formation of lesbian activism in the 1970s, both potentials and failures of becoming are equally important. As Samer explains, \"these cultural texts engender new space-times from which women might love and live differently than they do in the present [End Page 297]but also suggest that the lesbian existence they envision need not come to be\" (18). Samer specifically focuses on attentive readings of lesbian independent media productions, including feminist sf fandom that solidified as a distinct counterpublic in the 1970s (141). Although works from other formative lesbian and feminist groups are identified, here I focus on the chapters that explicitly concern feminist sf fandom. In chapter three, \"Raising Fannish Consciousness: The Formation of Science Fiction Fandom,\" Samer examines the fanzines The Witch and the Chameleon(1974-1976), Aurora/ Janus(1975-1990), and Khatru's symposium on \"Women in Science Fiction\" (issues 3 and 4, 1975), exploring how fans engaged in a feminist critique. The chapter has two major emphases: the act of consciousness-raising for self-reflection and the use of humor in these fanzines. Samer closely attends to how fans in these explicitly feminist print networks incorporated consciousness-raising as part of fannish critique, then turns to examining how humor operates as a form of self-reflection and criticism of lesbian identities. Samer's work differs from prior investigations of fan-studies scholarship, as it specifically examines the emotional, embedded, and situated dialogues of women fans contesting images of women in science fiction. Perhaps the most effective investigation of fannish critique is Samer's exploration of letter columns in The Witch and the Chameleon. They note that Amanda Bankier, as the founder and editor of this Canadian fanzine, engaged a lesbian feminist readership with news, reviews, and information about feminist sf. A series of small case studies examines Bankier's comments and critiques about Andre Norton's work. Samer elaborates on how Bank","PeriodicalId":45553,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE-FICTION STUDIES","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135209925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neoliberal World Reduction: Robert Heinlein and Milton Friedman's Free-Market Utopias","authors":"Stephen Schryer","doi":"10.1353/sfs.2023.a900279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sfs.2023.a900279","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:In the 1960s and 1970s, sf writer Robert Heinlein and Chicago economist Milton Friedman emerged as voices for the American libertarian right, promoting idealized visions of absolute, laissez-faire capitalism. These visions depended on the authors' use of world reduction (Jameson). They stripped away many of the complexities of global capitalism, creating appealing pictures of a frictionless free market. This essay reads Robert Heinlein as an amateur economist, exploring his fascination with monetary theory from his early H.G. Wells-inspired socialist utopias to later libertarian fictions such as Stranger in a Strange Land (1961) and The Moon is a Harsh Mistress (1966). Heinlein's right-ward drift between these fictions hinged on his changing conception of risk, an idea that he at once celebrated and attenuated, rarely exposing the consequences of unfettered laissez-faire. Conversely, the essay reads Friedman as a science-fiction writer whose works for a popular audience (Capitalism and Freedom [1962], Free to Choose [1980]) extrapolate free-market futures that draw on nostalgic recreations of America's frontier past. Heinlein's and Friedman's books made their respective versions of libertarianism compelling for a generation of (mostly) white male middle-class readers. Their world reductions helped usher in a specifically neoliberal vision of the individual's place in society, one that celebrates economic freedoms while disavowing democratic liberties.","PeriodicalId":45553,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE-FICTION STUDIES","volume":"50 1","pages":"175 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42538427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discovering Dune: Essays on Frank Herbert's Epic Saga ed. by Dominic J. Nardi and N. Trevor Brierly (review)","authors":"Kara Kennedy","doi":"10.1353/sfs.2023.a900289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sfs.2023.a900289","url":null,"abstract":"Barefoot stumble, he regains his footing in Chapter 4, which focuses on Aldiss’s post-New Wave retrenchment as a historian of the genre in Billion Year Spree (1973) and in novels such as Frankenstein Unbound (1973) and An Island Called Moreau (1980) that recursively engage with classic sf texts. Kincaid sees these “parasitic novels” (as Andrew M. Butler has called them) as interesting failures, arresting in conception but slight in execution, but also as important rehearsals for his mid-career masterpiece The Malacia Tapestry (1976), with its view of modern European history as a static wonderland hovering on the brink of technological change. The expansive scope of this novel paved the way, as Kincaid compellingly shows, for the author’s crowning achievement: the HELLICONIA trilogy (1982-1985), with its sweeping vision of a planetary culture transformed by seasons millennially long. A finegrained and consistently illuminating discussion of the trilogy dominates Chapter 5, which focuses on Aldiss as “Scientist,” largely because of the rigorous world-building that went into the three books. This is where, I think, Kincaid’s thematic structure starts to break down a bit into more loosely fitting topics, and it is even more evident in Chapter 6, which collects roughly thirty years of disparate production under the umbrella “Utopian,” largely because of the overtly utopian late novel White Mars (1999). Still, if the thematic cohesiveness of the final chapter is rather wanting, there is no arguing with the tart judgment with which Kincaid opens it: the HELLICONIA trilogy was Aldiss’s “last book-length work of science fiction to attract and merit serious critical attention” (138). These final three decades of the author’s career are thus, in Kincaid’s treatment, one long dying fall: White Mars is listlessly conceived, boringly written, and “marred by ... atrocious sexual politics” (155), while HARM (2007), if more vigorous, is nonetheless “jerky, awkwardly constructed, and often unconvincing” (159), and Finches of Mars (2012) is simply “not well done,” a “sad, dispirited end to a career that had seen [Aldiss] become perhaps the most widely recognized and applauded science fiction writer of his generation” (162). In the final analysis, Kincaid views a handful of stories and novels as the author’s signal achievements, especially “Hothouse, Greybeard, Report on Probability A, Billion Year Spree, The Malacia Tapestry, and the Helliconia Trilogy” (166)—a canon of masterworks to which I would only add Barefoot in the Head, and all of which (even this last, which he likes much less than I do) Kincaid illuminates with the searchlight of his fine critical intelligence.—Rob Latham, Twentynine Palms","PeriodicalId":45553,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE-FICTION STUDIES","volume":"50 1","pages":"290 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49122566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Broken Earth: Racialized Geosciences and Un-Person Magics to Darken Gaia","authors":"Sarah Leilani Parijs","doi":"10.1353/sfs.2023.a900281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sfs.2023.a900281","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Speculative fiction often imagines the Earth as animate or elements of the natural world as having supernatural forms of agency. The idea of planetary animacy in American environmentalism is linked to Gaia theory that poses that Earth is an agential, feeling, and holistic planetary synecdoche. What is missing from the history of Gaia theory, however, is an account of racialization. This essay suggests that the vexed history of Gaia theory helps us think about how N.K. Jeminsin's Broken Earth trilogy (2015-2017) uses magic to estrange our imagination of Earth. It argues that Jemisin uses magic as a motif for planetary animacy but complicates ideas of ecological interconnection associated with seeing the planet as a synecdoche. By darkening Gaia, the trilogy exposes the raced violence of the human as an ontological category in Western thought. Ambiguous magic is a heuristic of planetary animacy, symptom of racialized dehumanization, and metonymic for the apocalyptic in black nihilist thought and indigenous science. This paper argues that Jemisin revises Gaia by enchanting its racialized history to theorize inhuman, intercultural planetary animacy in the Anthropocene.","PeriodicalId":45553,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE-FICTION STUDIES","volume":"50 1","pages":"216 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41809492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brian W. Aldiss by Paul Kincaid (review)","authors":"R. Latham","doi":"10.1353/sfs.2023.a900288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sfs.2023.a900288","url":null,"abstract":"sf literary traditions as well as (some) unity of genre form, Milner et al. often wrap central questions of sf’s political stakes around the very modern production of the “utopia-dystopia” binary—a sociohistorical contrast that (past and presently) colonized countries and occupied regions often did not have the luxury to experience. Plainly universalizing generic structures are often heralded at the expense of a more complex unfolding of Foucauldian archaeologies of genre knowledge that might more accurately inform us about sf’s reception in parts of the world shaped by colonization, occupation, (sometimes violently) shifting governance structures, neo-(economic and cultural) colonialism, transnational migration and settlement, environmental racism, and regional resistance movements ranging from neofascism to decolonial independence to labor and poor people’s efforts to achieve Indigenous sovereignty. The collection’s more historical approaches to genre production and interpretation shine in their range and level of detail, demonstrating breathtaking cultural perceptiveness. What falters are the boldly formalist engagements that feel over-fixated on categorization. For instance, while Milner aims for a Weberian interpretive insight, for an heuristic grasp of varied pop-culture tropes regarding climate change, his actual sampling of “ideal types” of climate fiction resemble rigid box-shaped Mertonian typological tables. His recent insistence in dividing sf production, world-systems-theory style, into restrictive categories of core, periphery, and semi-periphery results in overwhelmingly favoring Global North speculative fiction for discussion and in generally ignoring the richness of postcolonial sf and Indigenous Futurist literatures (with the rare exception of The Swan Book [2013] by Australian Indigenous Waanyi author Alexis Wright). Since the 1990s, these literatures have carved out a powerful presence in sf anthologies and short-fiction collections. Writers from communities relying heavily on group and networked forms of artistic resistance tend to prefer and find themselves more publishable within multiplicitous polyvocal platforms. Still, critical questions ring out soundly and crucially from the volume’s many-layered readings of global sf: how should we engage “the other”; how might we respond to dystopian fears that extrapolate the worst possible political trends from past and present toward what is to come; how might we start to visualize as viable and executable currently unimaginable utopian alternatives? These are not just literary questions: the stories discussed in Ethical Futures represent the pragmatic dilemmas of achieving a sustainable and just futurity.—Ida Yoshinaga, Georgia Institute of Technology","PeriodicalId":45553,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE-FICTION STUDIES","volume":"50 1","pages":"287 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48161876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technologies of Feminist Speculative Fiction: Gender, Artificial Life, and the Politics of Reproduction ed. by Sherryl Vint and Sümeyra Buran (review)","authors":"Sara Hosey","doi":"10.1353/sfs.2023.a900294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sfs.2023.a900294","url":null,"abstract":"dramatically underline one of Suvin’s persistent and most important themes: that we cannot separate our cultural productions, even our favorite genres, from the historical and economic circumstances of their origins. Like most of the other essays, it is supplemented by extensive notes and a detailed bibliography. If Disputing the Deluge seems in part a mixed bag of the personal, the critical, and the broadly theoretical, at times reminiscent of the 2011 special issue of Paradoxa, Darko Suvin: A Life in Letters, the overall tone is anything but valedictory. There are indeed some ave atque vale moments; one of his more recent poems includes the lines “Once life was adventure, knowledge, glory/Now it’s anxiety, a wandering recollection, /Disappointment, protest, and reflection ... ”(259-60). But as Hugh O’Connell points out in his introduction, the final words of the book, deliberately re-appropriated and repurposed from Margaret Thatcher, are “There Is No Alternative!” (343), a phrase resonant with major themes throughout the book, from war to the capitalocene to utopia/antiutopia to climate change and pandemics. It is a reminder that, for all his reputation as a fiercely rigorous (and sometimes rigid) theorist, Suvin has never been less than an activist, and never less than passionate.—Gary Wolfe, Locus Foundation","PeriodicalId":45553,"journal":{"name":"SCIENCE-FICTION STUDIES","volume":"50 1","pages":"306 - 309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41438864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}