African Journal of Laboratory Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase and paraoxonase-1 levels in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease patients in Nigeria","authors":"Promise C. Nwaejigh, M. O. Ebesunun, O. Oladimeji","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2286","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recent evidence has linked changes in plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) levels with increased risk for development of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in different populations. However, studies on this in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa are scarce.Objective: This study assessed the association between reduced plasma LCAT and PON-1 levels and an increased risk of ASCVD, and their potential as biomarkers for ASCVD.Methods: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease patients and healthy controls were randomly selected for this cross-sectional case-control study from the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria, between March 2022 and March 2023. Plasma LCAT and PON-1 were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while the lipid profile was measured by spectrophotometry.Results: A total of 153 ASCVD patients (mean age: 52.92 ± 10.24 years) and 50 healthy controls (mean age: 46.96 ± 11.05 years) were included in the analyses. Stastistically significant increases were observed in the mean body weight, hip circumference, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, diastolic and systolic blood pressure (all p ≤ 0.001), and pulse rate (p = 0.003) compared to the control values. Statistically significant increases were also observed in the mean plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all p ≤ 0.001). In contrast, the mean plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LCAT, and PON-1 (p ≤ 0.001) were notably reduced compared to the control values.Conclusion: The present study provides supportive evidence that changes in plasma LCAT and PON-1 could predispose individuals to risk of premature ASCVD.What this study adds: Plasma LCAT and PON-1 may serve as independent markers or complement other established cardiovascular disease markers to discriminate the risk of ASCVD when it is unclear.","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between dyslipidemia and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A case-control study in south-western Uganda","authors":"Frank Ssedyabane, Thomas C. Randall, Joseph Ngonzi, Rogers Kajabwangu, Alexcer Namuli, Joy Muhumuza, J. Najjuma, Deusdedit Tusubira","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2374","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Altered lipid levels may be associated with the development of a number of malignancies, including cancer of the cervix. However, there is limited understanding of this relationship in the rural Ugandan context.Objective: We investigated the connection between dyslipidaemias and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among women attending the cervical cancer clinic at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in south-western Uganda.Methods: This unmatched case-control study was conducted between December 2022 and February 2023 and included women with CIN (cases) and women without intraepithelial lesions (controls) in a 1:1 ratio. Participants were selected based on cytology and/or histology results, and after obtaining written informed consent. Demographic data were collected, and venous blood was drawn for lipid profile analysis. Dyslipidaemia was defined as: total cholesterol 200 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein 160 mg/dL, triglycerides 150 mg/dL, or high-density lipoprotein 40 mg/dL. At diagnosis, cases were categorised as either CIN1 (low grade) or CIN2+ (high grade).Results: Among the 93 cases, 81 had CIN1, while 12 had CIN2+. Controls had a 13.9% (13/93) prevalence of high triglycerides and cases had a prevalence of 3.2% (3/93; p = 0.016). Reduced high-density lipoprotein was the most prevalent dyslipidaemia among cases (40.9%; 38/93). Statistically significant associations were found between high serum triglycerides and CIN (odds ratio: 1.395, 95% confidence interval: 0.084–1.851, p = 0.007).Conclusion: A notable association was observed between triglyceride dyslipidemia and CIN. Further studies into biochemical processes and interactions between lipids and cervical carcinogenesis are recommended through prospective cohort studies.What this study adds: This research provides additional information on the potential role of lipids in cervical carcinogenesis among women in rural Uganda. It also presents the possible prevalence of multimorbidity involving cervical cancer and cardiovascular diseases, particularly in low-resource settings lacking preventive measures against the increasing prevalence of dyslipidaemia.","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141640724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in estimating plasma cells in bone marrow: A comprehensive method review","authors":"Ethan Gantana, E. Musekwa, Z. Chapanduka","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2381","url":null,"abstract":"The quantitation of plasma cells in bone marrow (BM) is crucial for diagnosing and classifying plasma cell neoplasms. Various methods, including Romanowsky-stained BM aspirates (BMA), immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and radiological imaging, have been explored. However, challenges such as patchy infiltration and sample haemodilution can impact the reliability of BM plasma cell percentage estimates. Bone marrow plasma cell percentage varies across methods, with immunohistochemically stained biopsies consistently yielding higher values than Romanowsky-stained BMA or flow cytometry alone. CD138 or MUM1 immunohistochemistry and artificial intelligence image analysis on whole-slide images are emerging as promising tools for accurate plasma cell identification and quantification. Radiological imaging, particularly with advanced technologies like dual-energy computed tomography and radiomics, shows potential for multiple myeloma diagnosis, although standardisation remains a challenge. Molecular techniques, such as allele-specific oligonucleotide quantitative polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing, offer insights into clonality and measurable residual disease. While no consensus exists on a gold standard method for BM plasma cell quantitation, CD138-stained biopsies are favoured for accurate estimation and play a pivotal role in diagnosing and assessing multiple myeloma treatment responses. Combining multiple methods, such as BMA, BM biopsy, and flow cytometry, enhances accuracy of diagnosis and classification of plasma cell neoplasms. The quest for a gold standard requires ongoing research and collaboration to refine existing methods. Furthermore, the rise of digital pathology is anticipated to reshape laboratory medicine and the role of pathologists in the digital era.What this study adds: This article adds a comprehensive review and comparison of different methods for plasma cell estimation in the bone marrow, highlighting their strengths and limitations. The goal is to contribute valuable insights that can guide the selection of optimal techniques for accurate plasma cell estimation.","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invisible and undervalued: A qualitative study of laboratory workers' experiences and perceptions of laboratory strengthening in Sierra Leone.","authors":"Mohamed B Jalloh, Eva Vernooij, Alice Street","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2292","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The 2013-2016 West Africa Ebola outbreak highlighted the importance of laboratory capacity to outbreak response while also revealing its long-standing neglect. The outbreak prompted massive international investment into strengthening laboratory services across multiple healthcare settings.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this article, we explore hospital-based clinical laboratory workers' experiences and perceptions of their everyday working environment in Sierra Leone, and how recent investments in laboratory strengthening have shaped these.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study draws on in-depth interviews with eight laboratory workers and participant observation of laboratory practices at a tertiary referral hospital in Freetown between April 2019 and December 2019. Interview and observational data were coded and analysed using a reflexive thematic approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Ebola outbreak prompted international investments in automated devices, biosafety training, and a new dedicated infectious diseases laboratory. However, little investment was made in the infrastructure and supply systems needed to sustain routine laboratory work or keep machines functioning. Laboratory workers perceived their work to be under-recognised and undervalued by the government, hospital managers and clinical staff, a perception compounded by under-use of the hospital's laboratory services by clinicians.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Understanding laboratory technicians' views, experiences, and priorities is essential to any sustainable laboratory-strengthening effort. Investments in personnel should match investments in technologies and infrastructure for outbreak response.</p><p><strong>What this study adds: </strong>This study contributes to an understanding of how clinical laboratory personnel in Sierra Leone view and experience their work, and introduces the concept of social invisibility to explain these experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11151379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness with a variable presentation across three generations within a pedigree, South Africa.","authors":"Herbert Makgopa, Tanja Kemp, Surita Meldau, Engela M Honey, Bettina Chale-Matsau","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2384","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) is caused by the m.3243A>G pathogenic variant in maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA. Diabetes is prevalent in our setting; however, MIDD is rarely diagnosed. This study, undertaken in Pretoria, South Africa, highlights the variable presentation of MIDD in different patients within the same family.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 45-year-old man (proband) with hearing impairment was referred to the endocrine unit in July 2015 due to poor glycaemic control (HbA1c = 13%). His clinical and biochemical features were in keeping with MIDD. A genetic study of accessible maternal relatives was pursued. His mother had difficulty hearing and reportedly died from an unspecified cardiovascular cause. Two sisters with diabetes and deafness died of cardiac-related conditions. One nephew had diabetes (HbA1c = 7.7%), hearing loss and tested positive for m.3243A>G. A third sister tested positive for m3243A>G, but aside from bilateral mild hearing loss in higher frequencies, showed no other signs of target organ damage. Her daughter developed end-stage kidney failure necessitating a transplant, while her son had no biochemical abnormalities and was negative for m.3243A>G.</p><p><strong>Management and outcome: </strong>A multidisciplinary team managed and screened for complications of the patient and his maternal relatives. Proband died prior to genetic testing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most MIDD patients initially present with symptoms of diabetes only, and it is probable that many cases remain undiagnosed. A high index of suspicion is necessary when encountering a family history of both diabetes and impaired hearing, and screening should be offered to the patient's maternal relatives.</p><p><strong>What the study adds: </strong>This study demonstrates the importance of proper assessment when evaluating a patient with diabetes and a family history of hearing loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11151422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field study to determine the reliability of HIV viral load results shows minimal impact of delayed testing in South Africa.","authors":"Diana R Hardie, Howard Newman, Joanna Reid, Nei-Yuan Hsiao, Gert van Zyl, Lucia Hans, Jasantha Odayar, Stephen Korsman","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2364","DOIUrl":"10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding factors that impact HIV viral load (VL) accuracy in resource-limited settings is key to quality improvement.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We evaluated whether testing delay and specimen storage between 25 °C and 30 °C before testing affected results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between November 2019 and June 2023, 249 individuals on antiretroviral therapy, or with newly diagnosed HIV, were recruited from clinics in Cape Town and Gqeberha, South Africa, and three plasma preparation tubes were collected. One tube was tested within 24 h, while the others were stored uncentrifuged at ambient temperatures before testing. Centrifugation and testing of matched samples were performed on Day 4 and Day 7 after collection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Time delay and ambient storage had minimal impact in specimens with a Day 1 VL of > 100 copies/mL. When grouped by Day 1 VL range, 96% - 100% of specimens at Day 4 and 93% - 100% at Day 7 had VLs within 0.5 log copies/mL of the first result. The greatest variability at Days 4 and 7 was observed when the Day 1 VL was < 100 copies/mL. However, there was no trend of increasing difference over time. Of Day 1 specimens with undetectable VL, or VL < 50 copies/mL, 80% had concordant results at Day 4 and 78% at Day 7.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results show that VL is stable in plasma preparation tubes for 7 days when stored at room temperature. There is significant variability in specimens with low VL, but variability is not affected by testing delay.</p><p><strong>What this study adds: </strong>Ideal HIV VL testing conditions are frequently unachievable in resource-limited settings. Data are needed on whether this impacts on the validity of test results. Our results provide reassurance that storage at ambient temperature for up to 7 days before testing does not substantially affect the VL result.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11151376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Table of Contents Vol 12, No 1","authors":"Editoria Office","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v12i1.2408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140972036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of COVID-19 lockdown on glycated haemoglobin testing and utilisation in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","authors":"Rucita Severaj, Verena Gounden","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2302","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetic monitoring and treatment guidelines are easily accessible, but compliance is poor in KwaZulu-Natal. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a devastating impact on diabetic healthcare, both directly and through public health interventions.Objective: This study aimed to close the gaps in knowledge concerning glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test utilisation and how this was affected by the COVID-19 lockdown in KwaZulu-Natal.Methods: We reviewed HbA1c test volumes and results from public health facilities in the 11 health districts in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We compared testing trends and glycaemic control between two 10-month study periods before (March 2019 – December 2019) and during (March 2020 – December 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: The number of HbA1c tests performed decreased 6.1% during the pandemic period, with 173 760 HbA1c tests performed in 2019 and 163 236 HbA1c tests performed in 2020. There was a statistically significant increase in the average HbA1c level during the pandemic (mean HbA1c level in the pre-pandemic period: 70.5 mmol/mol [8.6%] versus mean HbA1c level in the pandemic period: 72.7 mmol/mol [8.8%]; p-value 0.001). Of patients with suboptimal HbA1c results (83 421 in 2019, 83 259 in 2020), 11 656 (14.0%) in 2019 and 10 086 (12.1%) in 2020 had more than one HbA1c test performed during the study period.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted glycaemic monitoring in KwaZulu-Natal with lower HbA1c test volumes and worse glycaemic control seen during the pandemic. HbA1c testing practices are not in keeping with recommended guidelines.What this study adds: The study demonstrates that the COVID-19 pandemic impacted HbA1c utilisation in KwaZulu-Natal. Importantly, HbA1c testing practices in KwaZulu-Natal are not in keeping with Society for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa guidelines regarding the monitoring of diabetic patients, and this requires more attention for future diabetic healthcare interventions.","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140984123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic cut-off value of haemoglobin A1c for diabetes mellitus in Harare, Zimbabwe","authors":"Chido W. Bvumbi, V. Kouamou, Ngalulawa Kone, Trust Zaranyika, Lloyd Bowora, Hilda T. Matarira, Raylton P. Chikwati","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2373","url":null,"abstract":"Very little is known about the diagnostic performance of the American Diabetes Association glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) cut-off of 6.5% in resource-limited settings. This study, conducted between February 2023 and May 2023, aimed to determine the optimal HbA1c cut-off for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus by measuring HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels in 120 adults attending care at a tertiary hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe. The optimal HbA1c cut-off was 6.1% and glucose levels were strongly correlated with HbA1c values. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was higher (28.3%) at our derived HbA1c cut-off than with the American Diabetes Association criterion (21.6%).What this study adds: This study highlights the need for population-specific cut-off HbA1c values in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140668568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance trends in clinical Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ethiopia","authors":"Abera A. Kitaba, Zelalem T. Bonger, D. Beyene, Zeleke Ayenew, Estifanos Tsige, Tesfa Addis Kefale, Yonas Mekonnen, D. S. Teklu, Elias Seyoum, Abebe A. Negeri","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2268","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Clinicians rely on local antimicrobial resistance pattern data to guide empiric treatment for seriously ill patients when culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results are not immediately available.Objective: This study aimed to analyse 5-year trends in antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.Methods: Bacteriology reports from 2017 to 2021 at the Ethiopian Public Health Institute were analysed retrospectively. Isolates were identified using either the VITEK 2 Compact system, the BD Phoenix M50 instrument, or conventional biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using either the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method or the VITEK 2 Compact system and BD Phoenix M50 systems available at the time of testing. The Cochran Armitage trend test was employed to test the significance of antimicrobial resistance trends over time. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: Of the 5382 bacteriology reports examined, 458 (9%) were on E. coli and 266 (5%) were on K. pneumoniae. Both K. pneumoniae (88%) and E. coli (65%) demonstrated high resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. However, both K. pneumoniae (14%) and E. coli (5%) showed lower rates of resistance to carbapenems compared to other antimicrobials. In K. pneumoniae, resistance to carbapenems (from 0% to 38%; p 0.001) and ciprofloxacin (from 41% to 90%; p 0.001) increased significantly between 2017 and 2021.Conclusion: Both organisms showed very high resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Additionally, K. pneumoniae demonstrated a statistically significant rise in ciprofloxacin and carbapenem resistance.What this study adds: This study emphasises the significance of regular reporting of local antimicrobial resistance patterns as this information can guide appropriate empiric therapy and efforts to address antimicrobial resistance issues.","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}