{"title":"Flow cytometric characterisation of acute leukaemia in adolescent and adult Ethiopians.","authors":"Jemal Alemu, Balako Gumi, Aster Tsegaye, Abdulaziz Sherif, Fisihatsion Tadesse, Amha Gebremedhin, Rawleigh Howe","doi":"10.4102/ajlm.v14i1.2394","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Flow cytometric characterisation of acute leukaemia is a key diagnostic approach for clinical management of patients, but is minimally practised in resource-constrained settings like Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the immunophenotypes of acute leukaemia by flow cytometry at Tikur Anbessa Specialised Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescent and adult inpatients consecutively admitted from April 2019 to June 2021. Peripheral blood samples were stained for surface and cytoplasmic markers, and analysed by four-colour flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 140 cases aged 13 years to 76 years, 74 (53%) were men and 66 (47%) were women, 68 (49%) had acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL), 65 (46 %) had acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML), and 7 (5.0%) had acute leukaemia non-otherwise specified. Acute lymphocytic leukaemia was more common among adolescent and male cases; AML was more common among adult and female cases. Among ALL subtypes, B-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia cases (73.5%) were more common than T-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia (26.5%). A subset of acute leukaemia, CD19+/CD56+ AML was identified in 3 cases (6% of AML). Of the B-cell ALL cases, 21 (42%) were CD34+/CD10+/CD66c+, 10% were CD34+/CD10+/CD66c-, 32% were CD34-/CD10+, and 6% were CD34+/CD10-. An unexpectedly high number of T-cell ALL cases that lacked surface CD3 were observed to have significantly higher levels of aberrantly expressed myeloid markers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed multiple phenotypes identifying subtypes of acute leukaemia cases, extending our previous studies in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>What this study adds: </strong>This study extends previous studies by describing phenotypically defined subsets of ALL and AML which, in addition to diagnosis, may have useful prognostic value for clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":45412,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"2394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830883/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"African Journal of Laboratory Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v14i1.2394","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Flow cytometric characterisation of acute leukaemia is a key diagnostic approach for clinical management of patients, but is minimally practised in resource-constrained settings like Ethiopia.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the immunophenotypes of acute leukaemia by flow cytometry at Tikur Anbessa Specialised Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescent and adult inpatients consecutively admitted from April 2019 to June 2021. Peripheral blood samples were stained for surface and cytoplasmic markers, and analysed by four-colour flow cytometry.
Results: Of 140 cases aged 13 years to 76 years, 74 (53%) were men and 66 (47%) were women, 68 (49%) had acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL), 65 (46 %) had acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML), and 7 (5.0%) had acute leukaemia non-otherwise specified. Acute lymphocytic leukaemia was more common among adolescent and male cases; AML was more common among adult and female cases. Among ALL subtypes, B-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia cases (73.5%) were more common than T-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia (26.5%). A subset of acute leukaemia, CD19+/CD56+ AML was identified in 3 cases (6% of AML). Of the B-cell ALL cases, 21 (42%) were CD34+/CD10+/CD66c+, 10% were CD34+/CD10+/CD66c-, 32% were CD34-/CD10+, and 6% were CD34+/CD10-. An unexpectedly high number of T-cell ALL cases that lacked surface CD3 were observed to have significantly higher levels of aberrantly expressed myeloid markers.
Conclusion: We observed multiple phenotypes identifying subtypes of acute leukaemia cases, extending our previous studies in Ethiopia.
What this study adds: This study extends previous studies by describing phenotypically defined subsets of ALL and AML which, in addition to diagnosis, may have useful prognostic value for clinicians.
期刊介绍：
The African Journal of Laboratory Medicine, the official journal of ASLM, focuses on the role of the laboratory and its professionals in the clinical and public healthcare sectors,and is specifically based on an African frame of reference. Emphasis is on all aspects that promote and contribute to the laboratory medicine practices of Africa. This includes, amongst others: laboratories, biomedical scientists and clinicians, medical community, public health officials and policy makers, laboratory systems and policies (translation of laboratory knowledge, practices and technologies in clinical care), interfaces of laboratory with medical science, laboratory-based epidemiology, laboratory investigations, evidence-based effectiveness in real world (actual) settings.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
