Indian Journal of Community Medicine最新文献

{"title":"One Health: A Holistic Approach to Tackling Global Health Issues.","authors":"Raja Danasekaran","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_521_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_521_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One Health approach is a concept which provides a comprehensive framework to address the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health in tackling global health challenges. It emphasizes the urgent need for a multidisciplinary approach to effectively address emerging infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and environmental degradation. The article highlights the importance of collaboration, communication, and coordination among diverse stakeholders as well as the integration of human and animal healthcare systems. It emphasizes the significance of sharing data, expertise, and resources to enhance disease surveillance and rapid response. The transformative potential of One Health in addressing global health issues and creating a resilient future is underscored. This article provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and healthcare professionals, emphasizing the integration of disciplines to safeguard health and the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 2","pages":"260-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11042131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) System Help in Improving the Healthcare Access - Evidence from Maharashtra EMS.","authors":"Biranchi N Jena, Dnyaneshwar Shelke, Sujata Saunik","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_448_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_448_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>For many people in the remote regions of India, medical help is inaccessible as 66% of rural Indians do not have access to critical medicine and 31% of the population travel more than 30 km seeking health care in rural India. Timely non-availability of doctors in healthcare facilities, especially in primary health centers (PHCs), leads to more dependency on the private healthcare practitioners for the out-patient department services. This needs immediate attention.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The healthcare authority in Maharashtra has allowed doctors in 108 emergency ambulances to provide consulting services. The current study is based on the total consultations managed by the doctors on-board on the 108 ambulances in the state of Maharashtra in the years 2020, 2021, and 2022. The data are procured from the state-run Emergency Response Centre, and the analysis is done by using the basic statistical technique in MS Excel and SPSS16.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More than 9.35 lakh medical consultations were provided with an average 856 consultations per ambulance in the year 2022, showing a significant growth of 452% over the consultations in 2020. The base location of the 32% ambulance (298) in the PHCs has improved the round the clock accessibility in 16% of the total PHCs in the state of Maharashtra.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The availability of the doctors in the state-run emergency ambulances for general healthcare services has improved the adherence of Indian Public Health Standards, and such practice must be examined for implementation in other states.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 2","pages":"438-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11042125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140852823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women's Empowerment in the Context of Rural West Bengal: An Index Construction with Exploratory Factor Analysis.","authors":"Sandipta Chakraborty, Bobby Paul, Lina Bandyopadhyay, Dipankar Jana, Madhumita Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_409_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_409_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Women's empowerment, a precondition of sustainable development, is a multidimensional and complex concept, often described with three interrelated components: resources, agency, and achievement. There is no universal construct for women's empowerment; rather, it has been assessed based on the context. It had been hardly explored in rural West Bengal.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was formulated to construct a women's empowerment index (WEI), in rural West Bengal, and assess the reliability of the index.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study focusing on Women's Empowerment, Child Health and Nutrition (WE-CHANT) was conducted in a community development block in West Bengal. Mother (of reproductive age)-child (6-59 months) pairs were recruited from 20 villages by two-stage sampling (n = 268). Mothers were interviewed. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with oblique rotation was conducted with 25 measurement variables to construct the WEI. The internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's alpha, item-rest, average inter-item, inter-domain, and domain-to-index correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 12-item (factor loading ≥0.40) WEI comprising three domains-decision-making power, attitude toward gender-based violence (GBV), and social independence-was constructed with acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.747). The multidimensionality of the index was also observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A concise agency-based WEI was constructed, where decision-making power was explored as the major domain. This index in the context of rural West Bengal could be further utilized to assess women's empowerment and elicit its association with resources and achievements.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 2","pages":"296-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11042132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140872872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Physical Nicotine Dependence and its Determinants among Tobacco users in the Rural Field Practice Area of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tamil Nadu, India.","authors":"Jamine Sharmila, J Anugraha, R Umadevi, Anantha Easwar","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_346_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_346_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tobacco is the major cause of preventable death globally, which kills one person prematurely every six seconds. In India, around 46.9% of men and women aged 15 years and above use any kind of tobacco, according to NFHS-5. Tobacco use for longer duration with increased frequency is often addictive. Nicotine in tobacco is often associated with dependence, which is recognized as a public health menace and the single most significant factor for premature death. Hence, assessment of nicotine dependence among tobacco users is essential to implement tobacco control measures effectively. To estimate the prevalence of nicotine dependence among tobacco users and to study the factors associated with nicotine dependence among those tobacco users in a rural area of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A community-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 375 tobacco users aged 18 years and above residing permanently in the rural field practice area of the Rural Health and Training Centre (RHTC) attached to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tamil Nadu. The study has been conducted for 6 months. A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit the study participants. Data was collected by conducting personal interviews using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 23.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>About 48.7% of the study participants had high dependence, 25% had moderate dependence, and 26.3% had low physical dependence on nicotine. The duration of tobacco use (<i>P</i> < 0.0000) and age of initiation of tobacco use (mean age was 28 ± 7.1 years) (<i>P</i> < 0.0001) was found as a significant risk indicator for nicotine dependence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high nicotine dependence (48.7%) among the study participants is quite alarming and warrants more visible and aggressive anti-tobacco campaigns and targeted preventive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"170-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Pharmacist's Awareness, Knowledge and Attitude Towards use of Vitamin Supplements in Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) Area of Pune, India: A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study.","authors":"Pravin J Patil, Vilas S Patil, Jayesh S Malu, Divya M Aswale","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_1014_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_1014_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>US FDA defines: dietary supplements is a product that intended to supplement a person's diet, it's generally consist of at least one or more of the following dietary ingredients, vitamin, minerals, a herb or other botanical and amino acid by increasing the daily consumptions of an extract metabolite concentration, constitute or combinations of these medication. Excessive and inappropriate use of medicines has been recognised as a public health problem resulting in increased likelihood of adverse drug event, drug interaction, and inappropriate drug prescribing and increased cost.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This was the cross-sectional study conducted in year 2022 at Pimpri Chinchwad (Pune). The total 250 questionaires are distributed and from that 226 response were received. Target population consist of community pharmacists working in the drug store in this area (n=226).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data was represented in three domains of study i. e. awareness, knowledge and attitude. Correlation coefficient using Pearson's method were determined to evaluate strength of correlation between awareness-knowledge, Knowledge-attitude and awareness-attitude. Correlation coefficient were calculated by comparing most relevant and equal number of questions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrated positive attitude among surveyed community pharmacists in Pune, India. There is lacuna in accurate and adequate awareness, knowledge and attitude of vitamin deficiency, efficiency, recommended daily allowance (RDA), toxicity and interactions among pharmacist as one of the stakeholders of healthcare in India. Few of the remedies viz. framing of guidelines, inclusion in formal education syllabus, continuous education, updation exams etc. may be of use.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"223-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Positive Deviance Approach on Promotion of Safe Disposal of Child's Feces in Rural Tamil Nadu: A Community-Based Quasi-Experimental Study.","authors":"S Nancy, S Gayathri, K Mujibur Rahman, P K Govindarajan","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_297_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_297_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Safe disposal of feces is ensured when it is deposited into a toilet, whereas unsafe disposal of child's feces plays a crucial role in disease transmission and environmental pollution. These areas are overlooked by many sanitation promotion interventions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the effect of positive deviance (PD) approach on safe disposal of child's feces among households who owned a toilet.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A community-based quasi-experimental study was conducted in the four field practice villages of the Urban Health Training Center, Villupuram, for 18 months. Households who owned a toilet and had a child less than 5 years old were included. After IEC clearance, information was collected from a representative sample of 100 households before intervention and another 100 households after intervention. PD approach was applied for 6 months to promote safe disposal practices in the study villages. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (version 24). The Chi-square test was used to determine the significance of difference between baseline and endline data. The effect size was calculated to estimate the magnitude of difference between baseline and endline data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before intervention, only 3% of households disposed the feces into a toilet, while after intervention, almost 38% of households disposed in the toilet (χ² = 37.39; df = 1; <i>P</i> = 0.001). The effect size (Cramer's V) was found to be 0.43.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PD approach demonstrated considerable improvements in safe disposal of child's feces in rural settings. Further, to sustain the behavior change, frequent reinforcement of key messages at frequent intervals needs to be emphasized.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"46-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Insecurity and its Association with Dietary Diversity: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Households in Jammu.","authors":"Bhavna Langer, Rajiv Kumar Gupta, Rashmi Kumari, Richa Mahajan","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_811_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_811_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Food insecurity is a matter of public health concern as it is associated with adverse health outcomes particularly among vulnerable population. Accessibility and availability of nutritious and culturally appropriate food is paramount to achieve zero hunger. To assess the prevalence of household food insecurity, to estimate the household dietary diversity and its association with household food insecurity.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Using multistage sampling 381 rural households were surveyed. Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and House hold Dietary Diversity Scale were used as study instruments. Chi square test was used to compare the two groups and <i>P</i> < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence of household insecurity was 33.3% (127) among the surveyed households and 8.1% (31) had severe food insecurity. The mean HFIS score was 6.85 ± 4.82. The household Dietary diversity score was 8.14 ± 1.54 for food secure and 6.51 ± 1.38 for severely food insecure households. There was a statistically significant difference in intake of milk and milk products, fruits, eggs and meat/poultry among food secure and insecure households (<i>P</i> < 0.001 respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Food insecurity was high in rural households and was associated with lower dietary intake of foods from protein group, necessitating a need to reinforce the food security programmes in rural India with focus to enhance protein rich diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"70-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"India's Whole of the Government and Whole of the Society Approach for Behavior Change Communication (BCC) Strategy - An Opportunity to Learn BCC in a Real-life Situation.","authors":"Sunder Lal","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_286_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_286_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organizing Health Camp: Opportunities for Building Public Health Skills.","authors":"Susmita Dora, Prem S Panda, Manish Taywade, Binod K Patro","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_52_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_52_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health camps are one of the commonly performed activities by different organizations with different intentions. The purpose ranges from reaching out to unreached populations to increasing client base and thus increasing revenue generation. A multi-speciality health camp was organised at Rural Health & Training Centre (RHTC), Mendhasala, Khurdha. We describe the camp profile and utilization of different specialties in this study. The camp was attended by mostly adults and elderly (90.3%) and inhabitants of the same village (80.5%). General medicine (30.6%) and orthopedics (31.9%) were the two specialties most consulted at the said camp. The success of a health camp is described by the number of attendees, which looks only at resource utilization. We have documented the lessons learned from organizing a health camp from a public health learning point of view. A 10-point checklist is recommended for the successful organization of a health camp.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"228-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-sectional Study to Estimate the Proportion and Ascertain Risk Factors for Osteoarthritis Knee among Women above 45 Years of Age Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital.","authors":"S Rahini, Rujuta S Hadaye","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_869_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_869_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With aging, women face various health issues, the most common of which are musculoskeletal disorders. Osteoarthritis accounts for 15% of all musculoskeletal disorders in patients above the age of 45 years but receives little attention. This study aims to estimate the proportion of women above 45 years suffering from Osteoarthritis (OA) knee and to ascertain its risk determinants.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 women above 45 years of age attending the Orthopedic outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital over a period of 18 months. American College of Rheumatology clinicoradiological criteria were used for the diagnosis of OA knee. A predesigned case record form was used to collect information on sociodemographic profile and other risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Our study found the overall proportion of OA knee to be 69.2%. The Chi-square test was used to find the association of various factors with OA knee. On logistic regression, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, menopause, and increased body mass index were found to be significant for OA Knee.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concludes the possibility of prevention of disabilities by early screening for OA Knee in those with risk factors as a part of wellness clinics.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"209-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139997792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}