Indian Journal of Community Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Varicella Zoster Virus Reactivation in Patients with COVID-19: The Possible Immunological Basis.","authors":"Zohreh Jadali","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_137_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_137_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"251-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"YouTube Hindi Videos Proved to be a Valid and Reliable Source of Health Information: A Case Study of COVID-19 Vaccine.","authors":"Nibha Sinha, Sonali Patle","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_813_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_813_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>When the coronavirus vaccine was launched, many Hindi language videos on YouTube were uploaded and audiences were accessing these videos in good numbers. However, the scientific evaluation of these videos was never done. There is a need to understand the accuracy, validity, and quality of these videos so that they can further be utilized for other health awareness purposes. The study objective was to evaluate the validity, quality, and accuracy of the Hindi videos that were viewed the most on YouTube.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Two search terms, \"COVID-19 Vaccine-Hindi\" and \"Corona vaccine Hindi,\" were used, and the most viewed 50 videos were selected. All the videos were manually coded and statistically evaluated. Two public health researchers evaluated all the videos blinded to each other using the DISCERN, GQS, and JAMA scales. The correlation score was calculated to know the agreement between them. Scores of professionals and news-based organizations were also compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of all 50 videos, professionals uploaded 48% of videos, and news-based organizations uploaded 46% of videos. The DISCERN median was found to be 9.00 (5-10), the JAMA median score was 6.00 (3-8), and the DISCERN score was 40.50 (16-49). DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS scores were also calculated separately for both observers, and no statistically significant difference was found. Between both the observer's agreement was found with statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>YouTube was found to be an excellent source of information on the coronavirus vaccine in the Hindi language. Almost all 50 videos had wide viewership, so health professionals and news media organizations cannot ignore this popular platform to improve the health awareness of citizens in a developing country like India.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"169-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Even though Doctor has Advised to Practice Foot Care I have not Practiced Soaking Feet in Lukewarm Water so Far\" Self-care Practices, Enablers, and Barriers: A Mixed Methods Study among Individuals with Diabetes from a Rural Area of South India.","authors":"Abhay S Nirgude, T M Revathi, Nagendra Navya, Poonam R Naik","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_769_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_769_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-efficacy is the ability by which a person confronts problems in day-to-day life with goal- centered attitude. The clinician plays a vital role in promoting self-care though a series of social, cultural and economic factors also contribute positively towards it. This study was conducted to assess the self-care practices among diabetic individuals aged 30 years and above and to understand its enablers and barriers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Explanatory mixed method study was conducted from August 2018 to October2020. Quantitative assessment was done wherein a questionnaire was administered to 297 study participants enrolled by simple random sampling followed by in-depth interviews by purposive sampling as qualitative component. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study the relationship of independent variables with various domains of self- care practice. <i>P</i> value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Study found educational status, occupation and religion had a statistically significant association with self-care practices. Regular physical activity, good dietary practices and family support were a few enablers, whereas lack of awareness, time constraints, co-morbidities and environmental factors were some of the barriers to self-care practice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the present study, self-care practice in terms of diet and physical activity were found to be good whereas blood sugar level monitoring and foot care practices were poor.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"126-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Second Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure among Adults in an Urbanized Village in Delhi.","authors":"Yukti Bhandari, Jugal Kishore, Abhilasha Yadav, Aritrik Das","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_425_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_425_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India contributes to the maximum of the world's health burdens attributable to tobacco use. Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is also associated with adverse health effects, causing 1.2 million deaths worldwide each year. In Delhi, 28.0% had SHS exposure at public places. About one-fifth experienced exposure to SHS at workplace. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SHS exposure among adults in an urbanized village in Delhi.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>It was a community-based cross-sectional house-to-house survey conducted between January 2020 and June 2021 in Aliganj, an urbanized village in Delhi. A total of 490 residents ≥15 years were included using simple random sampling. The interview was conducted by the primary author using the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). Each subject enrolled in the study was explicitly informed of the purpose of the study by the investigator and provided written informed consent before enrolment. Data were checked for errors, entered in Microsoft Excel, and analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 490 participants, 14.7% were exposed to SHS in their house and 16.1% were exposed to SHS outside the house in the last 1 month. The majority (85.3%) believed secondhand smoking is harmful, 6.5% disagreed, and the rest were unaware.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Though most participants knew that exposure to SHS can cause serious illness, further awareness sessions need to be conducted to improve knowledge and understanding and reduce exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke in homes. Strict adherence to no-smoking policies should be implemented as per law to reduce exposure to SHS in public areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Stroke Case-fatality, Disability, Perceived Needs and Barriers for Care among First-ever Stroke Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Neuro-specialty Center in India: A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Azad Devyani, Pradeep S Banandur, Gautham Melur Sukumar, Girish Baburao Kulkarni, S Mythirayee, Himani Rathore","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_713_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_713_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke is a major public health and clinical challenge that results in significant mortality and disability. Stroke survivors require care and support, particularly during the crucial 3 months post-stroke when 95% of functional neurological recovery occurs. To estimate case-fatality and extent of disability, assess perceived needs, barriers, and unmet needs for care, and ascertain pathways to care post-discharge (at 3 months) among first-ever stroke patients attending a tertiary care neuro-specialty center in India.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among patients receiving care within [NIMHANS]. Patients with confirmed computed tomography (CT) scans experiencing their first-ever stroke between September 1 and October 31, 2022, were contacted between November 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information. Descriptive statistics were performed using STATA version 16.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stroke fatality among study subjects was 13.8%. Almost half (49.09%) had some form of disability, with 40% having moderate to severe disability. The majority perceived the need for follow-up visits (87%) and compliance with stroke medication (84%). Distance and transportation (60%) were cited as the main barriers to care. After discharge, the majority preferred healthcare facilities close to their homes (60%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study emphasizes the need for stroke survivors to have follow-up and compliance with medication, along with various unmet needs such as de-addiction services, vocational training, and emotional support. A network-based multi-disciplinary approach, along with a comprehensive hub and spoke model of stroke management services, could help address these challenges and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"25-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the Mental Health Divide: The TORENT Initiative in Chhattisgarh, India.","authors":"Monika Thakur, Radhakrishnan Govindan, Prerna Maheshwari, Satish Suhas, Hari Hara Suchandra, Sumi Jain, Narayana Manjunatha, Channaveerachari N Kumar, Suresh B Math","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_638_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_638_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"258-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a New Questionnaire to Assess the Social Impact of Non-communicable Diseases.","authors":"Ishani Hanspal, Farah Naaz Fathima, Karthik Murali, Abhay Sood, Fathima Ayoob, Tinku Thomas","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_387_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_387_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have a considerable impact on an individual's social life. Life-long medication, fear of death, dietary restrictions, hospital admissions, dependency on caregivers, and strained interpersonal relationships play a role. The available questionnaires measure only individual aspects of social impact. The aim of the study was to develop and validate a comprehensive questionnaire to assess the social impact of NCDs.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients and caregivers seeking care at a tertiary care hospital for diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), stroke, coronary artery disease (CAD), and cancer. Thirty patients each with the above diseases were administered Cousineau Self-Perceived Burden Scale to assess perceived burden among patients, Caregiver Burden Scale to assess caregiver burden, EuroQol-5D-3L to assess the quality of life, and face validated questions of sociodemographic details, cost of healthcare, and stress due to disease. Rasch analysis was performed to identify items that lie within the traditional bounds of mean-square item fit. The Delphi method with 10 subject experts was used to identify the questions that would be included in the final tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data consists of 150 observations, with 77 categorical questions subdivided into various domains. From this, a total of 30 questions were extracted by Rasch analysis. The new questionnaire had good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.969, 95% confidence interval: 0.96-0.98). The questionnaire was finalized after reaching a consensus among subject experts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The social impact questionnaire developed consisted of 30 questions, has good internal consistency, and can be used to measure the social impact of NCDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"108-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mixed Method Study on Supportive Supervision of Community Health Workers From Central India.","authors":"G Revadi, Ankur Joshi, Abhijit P Pakhare","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_48_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_48_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Supportive supervision of the Community health workers (CHWs) is critical for their efficient functioning in various health programmes. CHWs in India are supervised by facilitators known as ASHA Sahyogini. Our study aimed to investigate the linkage between the knowledge and skills of CHW facilitators and their CHWs. To understand the problems encountered by the CHW facilitators while assisting their CHWs. Also, to determine the perceptions of CHWs on the nature of supportive supervision of their facilitators.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A mixed-method explanatory study using purposive sampling was conducted in a rural block of Madhya Pradesh (Central India). The CHWs were categorized into relatively high performing (RHP) and relatively low performing (RLP) groups based on their performance-based incentives received during (2017-2018). The quantitative component comprised of self-administered questionnaire and skill assessment while the qualitative component comprised of three focused group discussions with RHP, RLP CHWs and their facilitators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (SD) supportive supervision score given by CHW facilitators were found to be significantly associated with CHW's performance. Problems faced by CHW facilitators while assisting their CHWs resulted from inadequate education of CHWs, insufficient incentives, transport problems and repetitive surveys. While some CHWs perceived to have received good assistance from their facilitators, there were a few who were not dependent on their facilitators and executed duties by themselves.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CHW's performance cannot be ascribed completely to the CHW facilitator's performance. The challenges perceived by CHW facilitators were unmodifiable and required them to strongly motivate and support their CHWs to improve their functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"119-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude, And Practices of The Educated Women of North India Toward Cervical Cancer.","authors":"Ishita Miglani, Urvashi Gandhi, Poonam Laul","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_258_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_258_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer is a largely preventable disease that claimed the lives of more than 300 000 women in 2018. Hesitation to adopt cervical cancer screening strategies motivated us to find out the knowledge gaps and attitudes of the educated section toward these practices. An in-depth knowledge of this aspect will help us comprehend the barriers that are deterring women from accepting these practices. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from November 1, 2021, to November 30, 2021, to assess the public knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer. The self-designed online questionnaire was shared on social media such as Telegram, WhatsApp, LinkedIn, and Facebook. Girls and women aged 15 years and more studying in educational institutions or those who have completed their graduation were asked to fill out the questionnaire if willing to do so anonymously. 824 respondents filled out the online survey. 75% of the respondents had good knowledge about pap smear and HPV vaccination. Only 80 respondents (9.7%) were vaccinated against HPV. 255 (30.9%) had been screened with a pap smear at least once in their lifetime. Screening with pap smear was never performed in 412 subjects, which constituted 50% of the respondents. A poor knowledge about the eligibility of pap smear and the availability of HPV as a screening modality may have contributed to a poor conversion to the regular practice of screening modalities. Awareness drives need to focus on these issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"202-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing Concerns on Antimicrobial Resistance - Past, Present, and Future Trends.","authors":"Deepak Saxena, Richa Gwalani, Aarti Yadav, Ragini Shah","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_838_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_838_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance [AMR] is a global problem that affects multiple domains including healthcare, agriculture, aquaculture, and many more. Every year, 700,000 people die from it. AMR is predicted to claim 10 million lives by 2050 if immediate action is not taken. Thus, to halt the spread of AMR it is important to understand what contributes to its emergence and transmission across borders and domains. The burden is disproportionately higher in Low middle income countries (LMICs) due to multiple factors such as environmental, social, healthcare, and cultural barriers. This review paper describes the comprehensive analysis of the past, present, and future trends in AMR, focusing on the complex interconnectedness of the factors contributing to this issue. Historical trends reveal antibiotic discoveries, resistance periods, resistance genes, and multidrug-resistant pathogens, providing insights into crisis evolution and the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The present trends reflect the current state of AMR in India and emphasize the negative consequences of AMR for clinical medicine and healthcare systems. It identifies the factors driving the global pandemic surge and examines current global and country-level policies and actions to mitigate its impact. The future trends anticipate the trajectories of AMR and discuss innovative approaches to combat resistance, including the exploration of alternative therapies and the implementation of stewardship programs. Thus, by synthesizing existing knowledge and identifying emerging gaps, this review paper presents a holistic perspective on the evolution of AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"4-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}