Indian Journal of Community Medicine最新文献

Association of Abdominal Obesity and Diabetes among the Adult Tribal Population in Tamil Nadu. 泰米尔纳德邦成年部落人口腹部肥胖与糖尿病的关系

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_899_22

Kalaivanan Ramamoorthy, Logaraj Muthunarayanan, M Palanivel Sundaram, M Devivaraprasad, V V Anantharaman

{"title":"Association of Abdominal Obesity and Diabetes among the Adult Tribal Population in Tamil Nadu.","authors":"Kalaivanan Ramamoorthy, Logaraj Muthunarayanan, M Palanivel Sundaram, M Devivaraprasad, V V Anantharaman","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_899_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_899_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Previously overweight and obesity are considered to be an issue of high-income countries but now increasingly becoming more prevalent in low-income and middle-income countries. Obesity and overweight are growing health issues in India. It is important to determine the quantum of the risk contribution by individual risk factor siuch as abdominal obesity.Aims: To find out the association of abdominal obesity and diabetes among the adult tribal population.Methods and material: A cross-sectional study was conducted using multi-stage random sampling techniques. Using a pretested validated modified Stepwise questionnaire, a detailed interview with the participants aged above 30 years were performed. Random blood sugar and anthropometric parameters were estimated for all the participants. Chi-square test and multivariate regression analysis were used to study association.Results: Prevalence of abdominal obesity was 49.6% [211] among the study participants. Prevalence of diabetes was 7.8% [33] among the study population and 92.2% [392] of them were nondiabetic. Normal WHR was seen among 27.3% [9] of the diabetic individuals. High WHR was seen among 72.7% [24] of diabetic individuals. Gender, Illiterate, BMI, and waist-hip ratio shows significant association with diabetes.Conclusions: The prevalence of abdominal obesity was higher in the study population. As this burden among tribal people is on the increasing trend when compared with other general populations, effective strategies to prevent this have to be devised among the tribal population.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 6","pages":"826-830"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11633279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Statistical Significance versus Clinical Relevance: Key Considerations in Interpretation Medical Research Data. 统计意义与临床相关性：解释医学研究数据的关键考虑因素。

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_601_23

Yousif AbdulRaheem

{"title":"Statistical Significance versus Clinical Relevance: Key Considerations in Interpretation Medical Research Data.","authors":"Yousif AbdulRaheem","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_601_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_601_23","url":null,"abstract":"Medical research plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of various aspects related to health, including disease, risk factors, and patient management. However, the interpretation of research data becomes intricate when considering the notions of statistical significance and clinical relevance. It is not uncommon to interpret findings that demonstrate statistical significance as indicative of clinical relevance. To explain it in a more straightforward way, statistical significance, ascertained through statistical tests using the P value, indicates that an observed difference or association is improbable to occur by chance alone. Conversely, clinical relevance focuses on the practical implications of a finding in real-world contexts and determines whether an observed difference or relationship holds practical meaning. Recently, there have been issues and debates surrounding the idea of statistical significance as certain experts argue that its mathematical representation can be misleading when it comes to practical understanding. These experts propose the inclusion of additional measures like effect sizes and confidence intervals. A sound comprehension of both statistical and clinical dimensions is vital in order to ensure precise interpretation of data and facilitate well-informed decision-making in the practice of medicine. By doing so, it positively influences the health of individuals and communities.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 6","pages":"791-795"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11633268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Research and Publications: It is not about Good or Evil but about its Ethical Use. 生物医学研究和出版物中的人工智能：这与善恶无关，而与伦理使用有关。

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_560_24

Madhavi Bhargava, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Rajib Dasgupta

引用次数: 0

Empowering Patients: A Vital Step Towards Safer Healthcare. 赋予患者权力：迈向更安全的医疗保健的重要一步。

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_663_23

Shambo S Samajdar, Santanu K Tripathi

引用次数: 0

Is Completeness and Timeliness of Public Health Action (PHA) a Robust Tool to Improve the TB Treatment Outcome in the Private Sector? 公共卫生行动（PHA）的完整性和及时性是改善私营部门结核病治疗结果的有力工具吗？

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_19_23

Parul Sharma, Nitin Solanki, Bhavisha Vegada

{"title":"Is Completeness and Timeliness of Public Health Action (PHA) a Robust Tool to Improve the TB Treatment Outcome in the Private Sector?","authors":"Parul Sharma, Nitin Solanki, Bhavisha Vegada","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_19_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_19_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Public health action (PHA) in tuberculosis (TB) includes six components: doing screening for HIV/diabetes, carrying out drug susceptibility testing, counseling on tobacco, counseling on nutrition, benefits of Nikshay Poshan Yojana, and contact tracing. All the patients notified by the private practitioners (PPs) and missing any of the above components are intervened by the government staff to cover all the above components.Objectives: The aim of the article is (1) to assess the timeliness and completeness of PHA and (2) to assess the impact of PHA on the quality of care for TB patients in the private sector.Methods: A sequential mixed-method (cross-sectional study followed by qualitative study) study was carried out in the Patan district, North Gujarat for a period of one year. Quantitative data were collected through home visits to patients residing in three randomly selected talukas out of nine talukas in the Patan district. Qualitative data were collected purposively from selected clinics of PPs (including a mix of PP notifying and not notifying TB till saturation is achieved) from the above talukas.Results: Out of a total of 176 patients from the private sector, 48 patients took all six components of PHA. Out of them, 98% were cured compared to 82% who did not receive PHA. None of the PP had heard about PHA or its components.Conclusion: The Public-private model for TB management needs strengthening. Regular and mandatory training of PPs on the latest TB management guidelines including importance of timely and complete PHA should be carried out.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 6","pages":"843-848"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11633264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cross-sectional Assessment of Body Image Perception, Image Satisfaction, Body Image Discrepancy and Dietary Habits in Medical Students of Ujjain. 对乌贾因医科学生的身体形象认知、形象满意度、身体形象差异和饮食习惯进行横断面评估。

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_18_23

Rashmi Bhujade, Abhinav Sinha, Anupama Srivastva, Anil Singh Baghel

{"title":"Cross-sectional Assessment of Body Image Perception, Image Satisfaction, Body Image Discrepancy and Dietary Habits in Medical Students of Ujjain.","authors":"Rashmi Bhujade, Abhinav Sinha, Anupama Srivastva, Anil Singh Baghel","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_18_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_18_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Being judgmental about self-body image and satisfaction or dissatisfaction with one's own body is a natural phenomenon. If perceived incorrectly can lead to dissatisfaction and negative social, emotional, psychological and physical consequences.Methods: A cross-sectional study was planned and the data was collected with the help of a semi-structured proforma. Body image perception, image satisfaction, and associated dietary modification were inquired about, and Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Image Discrepancy Score (BIDS) were calculated. The body image perception of participants was collected with the help of the Figure Rating Scale (FRS).Results: χ2 test, kappa statistics, Mann-Whitney test, multinominal regression, and Z-standardization were applied. Few 10% of participants perceived themselves as underweight, 48% as normal weight and 42% as overweight or obese. About 48%, 19%, and 33% of participants were satisfied, neutral and dissatisfied respectively by their perceived body image, and 43% of the participants had modified their diet. A statistically significant association was found between body image perception, image satisfaction, body image discrepancy and gender.Conclusion: There was a huge disagreement between perceived and actual body image. Overestimation and underestimation of body image were common in males and females respectively. Misperception of body image might lead to unnecessary dietary modifications resulting in malnutrition and somatoform disorders.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 6","pages":"837-842"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11633272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seropositivity of Chikungunya in Hospital Setting, India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 印度医院环境中基孔肯雅热血清阳性：系统回顾和荟萃分析

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_63_24

Ramya Nagarajan, Lavanya Ayyasamy, Parasuraman Ganeshkumar, Saravanakumar Velusamy, Manoj Murhekar

{"title":"Seropositivity of Chikungunya in Hospital Setting, India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ramya Nagarajan, Lavanya Ayyasamy, Parasuraman Ganeshkumar, Saravanakumar Velusamy, Manoj Murhekar","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_63_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_63_24","url":null,"abstract":"Backround: Information about the chikungunya disease burden by age groups and geographic distribution is necessary to guide appropriate control measures. With this, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the disease burden of chikungunya fever in India.Material and methods: We conducted this systematic review according to the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. We retrieved relevant articles from PubMed and a free online search. Two investigators screened titles and abstracts and extracted data from the relevant articles. Our primary outcome is the proportion of laboratory-confirmed Chikungunya fever among clinically suspected patients. We used a random effect model to estimate the pooled proportion of Chikungunya fever.Result: A total of 20 articles were included in the quantitative syntheses. The pooled proportion of laboratory-confirmed chikungunya fever from 20 studies estimated using the random effects model is 24% (95%CI: 15-34%). We found the pooled proportion in the southern region was 35% (95%CI: 4-66%), 28% (95%CI: 3-58%) in the western region, 24% (95%CI: 1-48%) in the eastern region, 20% (95%CI: 12-29%) in the northern region, and 4% (95%CI: 1-6%) in North-eastern region.Conclusion: This review emphasizes the need to strengthen the surveillance of disease burden using multiple diagnostic tests and the need for an appropriate molecular diagnostic for early detection of the chikungunya virus.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 6","pages":"805-811"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11633274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-alcohlic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Is it a Dormant Volcano or Tip of an Iceberg? 非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）：是休眠火山还是冰山一角？

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_174_24

Prashasti Gupta

{"title":"Non-alcohlic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Is it a Dormant Volcano or Tip of an Iceberg?","authors":"Prashasti Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_174_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_174_24","url":null,"abstract":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a major cause of chronic liver disease, is known to affect a quarter of the global adults. Natural history of NAFLD shows interindividual variation, traditionally it progresses from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis to fibrosis/cirrhosis and finally yet rarely to hepatocellular carcinoma. It is largely a lifestyle-related disease and is often labeled as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Both prevention and control of NAFLD include controlling risk factors (obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia), through lifestyle modification and medications. Drug therapy for NAFLD per se is still evolving and till date, no drugs are approved. It is clinically silent, especially in the early stages, and is a diagnosis of exclusion. Certain easily calculated indices can stratify cases into high or low risk for advanced fibrosis, thereby dictating appropriate monitoring and treatment measures. In addition to complications specific to liver disease in those who do progress to advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, an increased risk of nonliver disease-related morbidity and mortality is also present. Challenges are manifold and include rising burden due to ever-growing epidemic of diabetes and obesity, low public awareness, fragmented healthcare, no approved drugs, and dearth of data on magnitude and epidemiology of the disease. The recent integration of NAFLD into the National Program for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NPCDCS) by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India is a welcome step in this direction as the contributory factors are mostly the same for all diseases and controlling any one or all of them will have a desired impact on the prevalence of all the diseases under this program.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 6","pages":"780-785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11633275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physical Inactivity and its Sociodemographic Determinants among Adults: A Community-Based Study. 成年人缺乏运动及其社会人口决定因素：一项基于社区的研究。

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_130_23

Jalaluddin, Tabassum Nawab, Najam Khalique, Anees Ahmad

{"title":"Physical Inactivity and its Sociodemographic Determinants among Adults: A Community-Based Study.","authors":"Jalaluddin, Tabassum Nawab, Najam Khalique, Anees Ahmad","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_130_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_130_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Physical inactivity (PI) is the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality and is potentially modifiable. Understanding its sociodemographic correlates can contribute in planning preventive measures to reduce the same.Aims and objectives: 1) To estimate the prevalence of PI among adults aged 20-60 years and 2) to identify the sociodemographic determinants of PI among adults.Material and methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was done in district Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. 304 adults aged 20-60 years, giving informed consent were selected by simple random sampling. Pregnant women and those with febrile disease and physical defect were excluded. Predesigned structured proforma and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire were used. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were applied using IBM SPSS 23.0.Results: Prevalence of PI was 47.7% (95% CI: 42.0-52.6). It was significantly higher in urban (55.3% vs 41.1%) than in rural area and among females than in males (68.7% vs 34.9%). PI during work was 74.3%, during travel 78.9%, and during recreation 88.5%. Being female increased odds of PI by almost ten times (adjusted odds atio (AOR) =9.7, 95% CI: 1.6-58.5). Unskilled workers/laborers and farmers (those involved in active occupational work) were found to have lesser odds of PI (AOR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.5 and AOR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.01-0.6, respectively).Conclusion: PI is highly prevalent among adults. Targeted interventions to increase physical activity in recreational domain are recommended, specially in urban areas and among women. Further studies to explore barriers to physical activity are needed to address this problem.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"49 6","pages":"849-854"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11633262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142819812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Public-Private Partnership Model in Delivering Quality Health Care and Medical Education - An Enduring Success Story for the Past Seven Decades. 提供优质医疗保健和医学教育的公私合作模式--过去七十年来的一个持久成功故事。

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Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_430_24

Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Gurpur Guni Laxman Prabhu, Potti Laxminarayana Gangadhara Rao, Nithin Kumar

引用次数: 0