Indian Journal of Community Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The Cost of Compassion: Caregiver Fatigue Associated with Caring for Persons with Disability in a Rural Population in India.","authors":"Abhijit Goyal-Honavar, Gloria Singh, Lalzikpuii Chhakchhuakk, Rakshana M Jothikumar, Apollos John Thatapudi, A Vishnupriya, Nalam Middleton, Sam Marconi, Vinod Abraham","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_18_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_18_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caregiver fatigue is common among caregivers of patients with disabilities and compromises the health of caregivers and the disabled alike. There is no community-based data from India on the burden of caregiver fatigue. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of caregiver fatigue among family members of patients with disabilities, assessing the association of socio-demographic factors related to caregivers, care recipients, and the nature of disability with caregiver fatigue. We performed a cross-sectional study in Kaniyambadi, Vellore, interviewing 63 disabled people and their caregivers. Demographic details and details of caregiving were recorded. The severity of disability was assessed using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, and caregiver fatigue was assessed using the American Medical Association Caregiver Self-assessment Questionnaire. Caregivers were predominantly female (76.2%), most frequently parental (41.3%), followed by spousal (30.2%). Moreover, 71.4% of caregivers were not gainfully employed. The most common disability was physical and mobility impairments followed by brain injuries. Caregiver fatigue occurred in 71.4% of caregivers. Characteristics associated with caregiver fatigue were female sex, parental relationship, and >6 h daily spent caregiving. Caregivers of male patients and individuals with >50% disability were more likely to develop caregiver fatigue. Caregiver fatigue was noted in a majority of caregivers, associated with female and parental caregivers, younger care recipients with severe disabilities, and increased time spent caregiving. Several social and economic factors unique to our country necessitate further study. Practical measures include telephonic consultations, counseling groups, and changes to daily interactions between healthcare workers and caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 5","pages":"858-863"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Institutional Delivery among Teenage Mothers (15-19 years) in India: Evidences from the NFHS-5 Survey.","authors":"Wapangjungla Longchar, Prakash Babu Kodali, Sibasis Hense","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_64_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_64_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal conditions are among the top five leading causes of disability-adjusted life years and deaths among girls aged 15-19 years, as they are at a greater risk of complications when pregnant. However, most maternal deaths can be averted with timely care, and institutional delivery is an established strategy for reducing maternal mortality and morbidity. This study estimated the prevalence and examined the determinants of institutional delivery among teenage mothers (15-19 years) across Indian states and analyzed the factors influencing institutional delivery.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted analytical cross-sectional study using data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) (2019-2021). A sample of 4882 teenage mothers aged 15-19 years who had given birth before the survey were included in the study. Sample weights were applied to ensure representation. Binary logistic regression established significant association between institutional delivery and predictor variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An increasing trend in institutional delivery of teenage mothers from 84.7% in the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) to 90.6% in NFHS-5 was observed. However, regional differences across states persist in the country. A multitude of socio-demographic, cultural economic, and health system factors were found significant. Teen mothers in the age group of 15-17 years (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.47-3.24), belonging to male-headed household (AOR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.03-1.69), had at least primary education (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.22-2.32), and those who received a minimum one antenatal care (ANC) (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.13-2.06) had higher odds of institutional delivery. In contrast, mothers who are Muslim (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.46-0.81), scheduled tribes (AOR = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.38-0.80), scheduled caste (AOR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51-0.99), and from northeastern (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.23-0.74) and central India (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.32-0.95) had lower odds of institutional delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings call for strengthening the continuum of maternal healthcare approach to improve institutional delivery specifically in low-performing states with poor maternal health service utilization among less-educated, rural, deprived, young women, and their parents, as they are less likely to choose ANC, institutional delivery, and post-natal care.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 5","pages":"772-779"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientometric Mapping of Scientific Production on COVID-19 and the Practice of Exclusive Breastfeeding.","authors":"Andrea Quispe-Chauca, Daira Olivares-Ayala, Frank Mayta-Tovalino","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_153_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_153_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To determine the characteristics of scientific production related to exclusive breastfeeding during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The Scopus database was used to extract metadata. Data on the number of papers and citations were extracted for countries, public and private institutions, journal metrics, most productive authors, and collaboration patterns. VOSviewer was used to visually represent the geographic distribution of global research.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1529 papers were obtained from the Scopus database, and 258 papers were excluded. Publications published in 2020 are mainly found in Q2. They also had higher national collaboration (38.90%) and citation rate per publication of 15.7. Among the universities that published scientific papers on the subject, the University of Milan had the highest number of scientific publications according to the top 10 institutions (n = 8), but University College London had a greater impact (n = 258). Similarly, for the review according to article production, the Journal of Human Lactation ranked first with a total of 19 publications. However, The Lancet, despite its position in the ninth place among the top ten countries, had higher citation potential and impact (13.1 and 179, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>According to the productivity index in the top ten categories of most productive authors, Marienelli stood out the most, unlike Mosca, who had a higher publication influence and citations per publication (219 and 43.8, respectively). Most of the publications on this subject were published in high-impact Q2 journals. Europe (Italy) has been the leading country in this field of research.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 5","pages":"801-807"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Practices among Working Women with 6 Months of paid Maternity Leave in a Municipal Zone of South West Delhi.","authors":"Karuna Arya, Khan A Maroof, Madhu K Upadhyay, Dheeraj Shah","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_412_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_412_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a lack of data from India on the effect of paid maternity leave under the Maternity Benefit Amendment Act (2017) on infant feeding practices. The aim was to find out the infant feeding practices among the working mothers who had availed 6 months of maternity leave. Cross-sectional study among women teachers of primary schools of Najafgarh Zone, Municipal Corporation of Delhi. A school-based survey of 100 women teachers who had a child aged 6 months to 2 years and who had availed maternity leave was conducted using a prevalidated interview schedule. Descriptive statistics such as proportion was used to find out the various infant feeding factors among the working mothers. Around one-third (34%, 95% CI 24.7-43.3) of the working mothers who availed 6 months of maternity leave practiced 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding, with those residing nearer (within 2 km) to the workplace showing significantly higher breastfeeding rates. Exclusive breastfeeding rates for 6 months were found to be low among working women who had availed maternity leave.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 5","pages":"835-837"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change in Hemoglobin as Compared to Absolute Haemoglobin as a Determinant of Birth Weight: A Secondary Data Analysis From Eastern India.","authors":"Amandeep Kaur, Semanti Das, Farhad Ahamed","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_100_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_100_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low birth weight (LBW) significantly impacts children's development and long-term health, with maternal anaemia being a key predictor. While the direct association between anaemia and LBW is well-documented, its effects at different pregnancy stages remain uncertain. This study aims to explore how changes in hemoglobin concentration across the pregnancy trimesters impact birthweight compared to absolute hemoglobin levels in mothers.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This secondary data analysis explores comprehensive antenatal histories, physical examination details, and hemoglobin levels of 226 mothers till delivery, in the rural field practice area of a tertiary care institute, where mothers attended monthly antenatal care (ANC) clinics at rural subcenters. The study included only those pregnant women who completed ANC check-ups from the first trimester through delivery, comparing changes in maternal hemoglobin across trimesters and the birth weights of newborns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 226 deliveries, 46 resulted in LBW babies. Changes in hemoglobin concentration from the first to the third trimester and from the second to the third trimester had a statistically significant influence on birth weight. In contrast, the severity of anaemia in different trimesters did not show a significant association with birth weight.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changes in hemoglobin levels, rather than absolute hemoglobin levels, may play a significant role in determining the birth weight of newborns. This finding could inform treatment strategies and expected outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the plausibility of this hypothesis and its underlying biological mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 5","pages":"787-791"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incentivizing Peer Reviewers: Exploring Monetary and Nonmonetary Rewards.","authors":"Vipul D Yagnik, Surajit Bhattacharya, Kaushik Bhattacharya, Sushil Dawka","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_377_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_377_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 5","pages":"872-873"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing Technological Intervention for Behavior Problems in Children with Cerebral Palsy within a Tertiary Care Setting.","authors":"Thirumalai Jeevarathinam, Ramalingam Vinodhkumar","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_424_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_424_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 5","pages":"869-871"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health-Related Quality of Life and Psychosocial Status of End Stage Liver Disease Patients at a Tertiary Care Center From Northern India: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Radhika Bhati, Ajeet Singh Bhadoria, Rohit Gupta, Meenakshi Dhar, Gaurika Saxena, Chandan K Kedarisetty","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_823_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_823_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>End stage liver disease is a chronic progressive condition causing significant morbidity and mortality with a cumulative mental and physical burden leading to impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study aim is to determine the proportion of cirrhotic with poor HRQOL and factors (biochemical parameters) affecting HRQOL. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care center from Northern India among 193 cirrhosis patients utilizing SF-36 and the chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ) tool. HRQOL was determined by mean CLDQ score, while SF-36 was used to determine physical and mental component score. Association between biochemical parameters and HRQOL, correlation between CLDQ domains and SF-36 was studied. Mean age of participants was 46.2 ± 11 years. Most of them were male, 153 (79%) and 40 (21%) female participants. CLDQ mean score was 3.0 ± 1.2, and 83% of the study participants had poor quality of life (QOL). Among hematological parameters, low hemoglobin and low platelet count was significantly associated with poor QoL (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Biochemically, higher bilirubin and lower albumin levels significantly correlated with poor QOL. The CLDQ scores also significantly correlated with physical component score (PCS) domain and mental component score (MCS) domain of SF-36 questionnaire. We found that poor HRQOL in most cirrhotic, as measured by CLDQ questionnaire and SF-36 questionnaire. Among laboratory parameters, low hemoglobin and platelets, higher serum bilirubin, and lower albumin were significantly associated with poor QOL.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 5","pages":"864-868"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Frontiers of Diabetes Vaccination.","authors":"Mithilesh Kumar, Apoorva Wasnik, Vidya Sagar, Neha Priya, Anit Kujur, Dewesh Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_248_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_248_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes is undeniably one of the most prevalent global health problems with a high risk burden. The present forms of management, insulin administration and lifestyle changes, may address the origins and consequences of the disease to some extent, but the answers are still far from being complete. This phenomenon is bringing in a rising number of people who seek for new therapies and immunization. Through the years, vaccine usage for prevention of infectious diseases has been researched for its potential use in the delay, prevention, or reversal of diabetes. These vaccines, which aim at different processes, including autoimmunity, inflammation, and insulin resistance, play a role in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Among the candidates for vaccine types are the IA-2 peptide vaccines, glucose-regulating vaccines, incretin-based vaccines, and protein-based vaccines. In this review, we offer a snapshot of the current efforts in diabetes vaccine development, describing the target molecules on the antigens, their mechanisms of action, and the research progress status. It highlights the imperativeness of importance of ongoing investigations for the invention of vaccines as well as the provision of new therapeutic options for diabetic persons.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 5","pages":"729-732"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Adequacy of a Prediction Model.","authors":"Abhaya Indrayan, Sakshi Mishra","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_567_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_567_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many models claim to predict outcomes with good accuracy. However, not many seem to be adopted in practice. This could be because most of them do not have sufficient predictive accuracy. We analyzed 20 recently published papers on prediction models and found that most use inadequate measures to assess predictive performance. These measures primarily include the area under the ROC curve (C-index) that measures discrimination and not predictivity, that too accepting a relatively low value, and using aggregate concordance for assessing predictive accuracy instead of individual-based agreement between the observed and predicted values. Some use arbitrary scores in their models, consider only binary outcomes where multiple categories could be more useful, misinterpret <i>P</i> values, ignore future dynamics, use inappropriate validation settings, and do not fully consider the process of the outcomes. We give details of all these inadequacies and suggest remedies so that models with adequate predictive performance can be developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 5","pages":"739-744"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}