Indian Journal of Community Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Health-Seeking Behavior on Treatment Initiation of Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Varanasi.","authors":"Nishu Kesh, Manoj Pandey, Sangeeta Kansal","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_469_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_469_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and in order to prevent it, it is vital to understand cancer patients' health-seeking behavior that contributes to patient delays in receiving cancer treatment globally; however, no similar studies have been conducted in India. Therefore, this study made an effort to know health-seeking behavior among delayed cancer patients receiving treatment at a tertiary care hospital, Varanasi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Surgical Oncology OPD, Sir Sunder Lal Hospital, IMS, BHU, Varanasi. Randomly selected 440 registered patients were interviewed with the help of semi-structured questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis and 2-test were used in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of total 440 patients included in this study, 207 (47.05%) were males and 233 (52.95%) were females. The majority (59.32%) of patients were more than 45 years of age group. Most (80%) of the patients had delay in cancer treatment of more than 60 days from onset of symptoms. Only 29.55% of patients were aware of any symptoms of Cancer. Those patients who were doing self-medication (<i>P</i>=0.03) and did not attend any cancer screening program (<i>P</i>=0.04) showed a statistically significant association with delayed initiation of treatment. Patients referred from another centre (<i>P</i> = 0.03) also show a significant association with delayed treatment initiation. Cancer patients who visited the screening program (AOR= 0.22, <i>P</i>=0.003) were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of delayed treatment initiation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study showed that 80% of patients were delayed in seeking treatment for Cancer and highly influenced by low awareness, self-medication and visiting multiple health centres for diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, there is a strong need to address the reasons for the delay in seeking treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 3","pages":"445-452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition Care Model for Nutritional Assessment and Dietary Counseling of Adults Living with HIV in India.","authors":"Aakriti Gupta, K Pramod, Anuja Aggarwal, Madhavi Bhargava, Ashima Phadiyal, Fazlur R Gulfam, Rochana Mitra","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_580_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_580_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A high prevalence of undernutrition (40%) exists among adults living with HIV (ALHIV) in India due to their increased metabolic demands. Diminished nutritional status in turn has been associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality among ALHIV. Nutritional assessment and its management are an integral part of HIV care; however, no strategy exists for screening of undernutrition among ALHIV.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The nutrition care model has been developed for undertaking nutritional assessment by classifying the severity of undernutrition based on body mass index (BMI) and identification of early signs of undernutrition including anemia and hypoalbuminemia among ALHIV.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>The model suggests energy and protein intake based on the BMI and indicates desirable body weight corresponding to a BMI of 21 kg/m². Based on these requirements, the portion size of each major food group is provided for individualized dietary counseling by frontline workers. ALHIV found with signs and symptoms of anemia, low hemoglobin, and serum albumin are referred to the nearest health facility. Large-scale operational research and field validation studies are planned to better understand the effectiveness of the model in improving the nutritional and clinical outcomes and the strengths and limitations as an operational tool in programmatic settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 3","pages":"407-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Vaccination of Dogs in India as a Strategy for Elimination of Rabies: Scope of Implementation.","authors":"Athira Prathapan, Shibajee Debbarma, H Haripriya, Sanjay Pandey","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_34_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_34_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>India contributes one-third of the global burden of rabies. In 2021, the National Action Plan for Rabies Elimination (NAPRE) was introduced to eliminate dog-mediated human rabies. The major challenges in the path of eliminating dog-mediated rabies are toward achieving the high level of dog vaccination coverage and its sustenance, as well as rigorous tracking of dogs and continuous outreach activities. Oral vaccination of dogs (OVD) is a measure that has been implemented in several countries. For a deeper understanding of the OVD strategy, a systematic search was conducted and free full-text articles related to feasibility of OVD adoption and field trials published in the past ten years were included in the present review. Based on evidence, OVD can be implemented in India along with existing government initiatives as a pilot project in selected hotspots and subsequently expanded to improve vaccination coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 3","pages":"413-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five-year Trends in Various Communicable Diseases Reported under the Integrated Disease Surveillance Program during 2014-2019 in Puducherry.","authors":"K Sivaranjini, Durgesh Roy, Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy, Ravivarman Lakshmansamy, Srividya Vissvesvaran, G Ragunathan, Mahalakshmy Thulasingam, Sitanshu S Kar","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_671_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_671_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study aimed to determine the trend in the incidence of various communicable diseases reported under the Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP) in Puducherry. This record-based study obtained disease details in terms of the number of suspected cases reported, tested, and positive for the selected diseases reported under IDSP from 2015 to 2019. Dengue disease has shown a recent declining trend in the number of cases and test positivity (7.2% in 2015 to 5.2% in 2019), and there has been a steady increase in the burden of Chikungunya over the years (4.1% in 2015 to 12.6% in 2019). Malaria has been controlled well in Puducherry, but the testing rate was only 3%-4%, well below the national recommendation of testing 10% of the total population. In 2018, there was a recent increase in influenza cases, with test positivity reaching up to 21%. The study unveils valuable insights into communicable diseases in Puducherry, highlighting the fluctuating burden of vector-borne, water-borne, and influenza infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 3","pages":"525-529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protecting Children from Tobacco Industry Interference in India.","authors":"Diksha Walia, Chirag Goel, Sonu Goel","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_638_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_638_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 3","pages":"401-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Instrument-assisted Soft-tissue Mobilization Versus Dry Cupping on Pain and Cervical Range of Motion in Treatment of Neck Pain.","authors":"Afreen Jahan","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_834_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_834_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neck pain is characterized by symptoms of a nonspecific nature of the pain, which is of mechanical origin.[12] Frequently observed manifestations of neck discomfort encompass muscle pain, muscle spasms, headaches, facet joint pain, nerve pain, referred pain, and bone pain.[3] Instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization (IASTM) stands as a proficient myofascial intervention used for the treatment of soft tissues. Here, using instruments typically crafted from stainless steel featuring beveled edges and anatomically contoured designs to accommodate various body regions, this technique allows for enhanced depth of penetration.[4] Primarily used for the identification and therapeutic management of soft-tissue disorders, the approach involves the application of these specialized instruments.[5] Dry cupping, alternatively recognized as air cupping or suction cupping, constitutes a therapeutic methodology, wherein a vacuum is generated within cups and subsequently applied to targeted regions of the body. These cups, fabricated from diverse materials such as glass, silicone, or plastic, induce suction effects. Through the application of this suction, dry cupping serves to promote circulation, alleviate muscle tension, and facilitate the energetic flow within the treated areas.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The purpose of the study to effectiveness of instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization versus dry cupping on pain and cervical range of motion in treatment of neck pain. The study is comparative in nature, and total subjects were 15 subjects in each group. The assessment of pain and range of motion of cervical flexion and lateral flexion were taken before starting the treatment of both the groups. The patients were randomly assigned by lottery method for both the groups, and assessments were taken on 0 day and at the end of 4^th week by VAS and ROM by a goniometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In IASTM treatment, the <i>P</i> value is 0.031. This suggests that there is a statistically significant difference between the pre-treatment and post-treatment values for the IASTM group. But, in dry cupping, the <i>P</i> value is 0.001. This indicates a highly significant difference between the precupping and postcupping values for this treatment group. The scores of variables VAS and ROM were improved significantly better in the subjects treated with dry cupping as compared to the group variables treated with instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study conclude that the dry cupping is more beneficial for the treatment of neck pain and range of motion.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 3","pages":"506-511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fostering Health Awareness: How Media can Transform Community Wellbeing.","authors":"Amit Verma","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_793_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_793_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 3","pages":"535-536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interest in Online Tobacco Cessation Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India- insights from Google Trends.","authors":"Madhur Verma, Sonu Goel, Praveen Sinha, Mahendra Singh, Kritika Upadhyay","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_265_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_265_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With concerns about higher mortality and morbidity attributed to COVID-19 infection among tobacco users, the pandemic has been an opportune time to further our efforts towards tobacco cessation. The present study thus aims to assess the interest in tobacco cessation services during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An ecological study was done using data from Google Trends for five years. The trends depicting the interest in internet search terms like \"Quit-tobacco\" and \"Quitline\" were retrieved and compared over the study period and with the Global Adult Tobacco Survey-India (GATS-II) data estimates (2016-17). The results were reported using descriptive statistics and line graphs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2017 and 21, the search interest regarding quitting tobacco depicted the highest peak corresponding to the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. There were significant geographical disparities in the Google searches made across India. As per GATS-II, only 0.2% of the smokers had used a Quitline, corresponding to a smaller peak in Google Trends. Interest in \"Quitline\" compared to \"quit tobacco\" was in a ratio of 1:11, and the gap increased further during the pandemic by 1:12.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We observed an increasing interest in the searches related to \"Quit-tobacco\" like terms during the pandemic but an increasing gap in the interest around the \"Quitline\" searches. The present study hypothesizes that the pandemic increased concerns regarding tobacco, leading to a higher interest in tobacco cessation services, thus calling for a proactive approach to propagate 'Quitline' through generous advocacy to have efficient tobacco control per the National Tobacco Control Program.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 3","pages":"417-422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health Status of Lactating Women Residing in Urban Slums and Rural Areas of South India: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Chimata Naveen, Srinivas Rao Darimisetty, T Madhu, Chittooru Chandra Sekhar, Niharika Borugadda, A Sreedevi, Mandava Harshita, Shaik Arif","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_791_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_791_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The transition to motherhood is often characterized by physical recovery, hormonal fluctuations, sleep deprivation, and the challenges of infant care, all of which can contribute to the vulnerability of mothers to mental health issues. The present study was conducted to estimate the burden of poor mental health status of lactating women in urban slums and rural communities.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 lactating women residing in urban slums and rural areas of Ananthapuramu district. Data was collected by interview method using a pre-designed, semi-structured questionnaire that included Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) for mental health assessment. Multivariate regression analysis was done to determine the predictors for poor mental health status of lactating women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of mental health issues in lactating women from rural and urban slums was 23.6% and 27.3%, respectively. Predictors for poor mental health of lactating women from rural backgrounds were primipara, lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) type of delivery, and class III socioeconomic status (SES) women, and for urban slums were nuclear family, breastfeeding for less than eight times per day, class III SES women, and intended pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Almost one in every fourth of lactating women residing in urban slums and rural areas will suffer from mental health issues. LSCS type of delivery and class IV and V SES have a negative impact on the mental health status of lactating women from rural areas. Nuclear family, breastfeeding less than eight times per day, class IV and V SES, and unintentional pregnancy have negative impacts in urban slums.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 3","pages":"437-444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Epidemiological Cross-sectional Study of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome in Patients of Anand District.","authors":"Charvi P Mistry, Dinesh J Bhanderi","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_109_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_109_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus has infected 44.7 million Indians until December 2022. After recovery, patients are developing long-term effects of COVID-19. Research is required to know the burden of post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) and factors leading it. To estimate the prevalence of PCS and its associated factors in Anand district of Gujarat state. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 8 talukas of Anand district.</p><p><strong>Methods and material: </strong>Sample size of 450 patients divided into the hospitalized group and home/facility isolated group with samples of 300 and 150, respectively. Information was collected using a pretested semistructured questionnaire after taking written informed consent. It included demographic details, personal history, COVID-19-related information, and questions regarding persistent/newly developed symptoms after 12 weeks of COVID-19. The data collected were entered in Microsoft Excel 2019 and analyzed by SPSS version 15. Descriptive analysis followed by univariate analysis and logistic regression was performed. Among 450, 56% of patients were male and 43.3% were female.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study reported 25.11% prevalence of PCS. Majority (82%) of patients having PCS had Grade I symptoms. Common symptoms recorded were weakness (10%) and breathlessness (4%). PCS was found to be associated with the hospitalization status of a patient, administration of drugs like antacids, Ivermectin, and Insulin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Looking at current prevalence of PCS, well-sensitized healthcare system is needed to be established. Further research is required to explore more risk factors leading to PCS and various treatment options for PCS.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 3","pages":"486-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}