Indian Journal of Community Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Determinants of Stunting among Children with Teenage Mothers: Evidence from Indonesia.","authors":"Mohamad Yoto, Shrimarti Rukmini Devy, Agung Dwi Laksono, Septa Indra Puspikawati, Tika Noor Prastia, Hario Megatsari","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_729_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_729_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stunting brings many losses to children. This situation becomes even more severe when it occurs in children who are teenage mothers. The study analyzes determinants of stunting among children with teenage mothers in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study examined 1,946 children (0-23 months old). The study analyzed nutritional status, residence, maternal factors (no education, primary education, secondary education, marriage, employment, socioeconomic, prenatal class), and child characteristics (age and gender).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children in urban areas were 1.063 times more likely to experience stunting than those in rural areas [adjusted odd ratio (AOR): 1.063; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.040-1.086]. Children with mothers at all education levels were likelier than mothers in secondary education to experience stunting. Children with divorced/widowed mothers were 0.808 times less likely to experience stunting than married mothers (AOR: 0.808; 95% CI: 0.768-0.851). Children with unemployed mothers were 1.048 times more likely than employed mothers to experience stunting (AOR: 1.048; 95% CI: 1.018-1.079). Children of all socioeconomic levels were likelier than the richest to experience stunting. Children with mothers not attending prenatal classes were 1.472 times more likely to experience stunting than those attending prenatal classes (AOR: 1.472; 95% CI: 1.434-1.512). Children 12-23 months were 3.739 times more likely than <12 months to experience stunting (3.739; 95% CI: 3.658-3.821). Boys were 1.727 times more likely than girls to experience stunting (AOR: 1.727; 95% CI: 1.691-1.764).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concluded eight variables associated with stunting among children with teenage mothers in Indonesia: residence, maternal education, maternal marital status, maternal employment, socioeconomic, prenatal classes, children's age, and children's gender.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 3","pages":"465-471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Practices on Purchase of Packaged Foods and Utilization Patterns of Food Labels among Adults in Puducherry.","authors":"Lalithambigai Chellamuthu, Premkumar Ramasubramani, Sadhvika Kanagat","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_30_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_30_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is an increase in the manufacture and consumption of prepackaged foods as a result of widespread urbanization, long working time, and adaption to a sedentary lifestyle. The majority of these prepackaged foods contain food labels. Food labeling is a community-based strategy that informs customers about a food's nutritional composition, empowering them to choose healthier foods. To assess the practices on the purchase of packaged foods and utilization patterns of food labels among adults in Puducherry.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey in the field practice area of a private medical college at Puducherry was carried out for two months including adults residing for > 6 months in selected villages/wards. A sample size of 460 with a multistage sampling technique was considered. Data collection using a semi-structured questionnaire incorporated into Epi-collect software and was analyzed using SPSS16. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Ethical Committee. Written informed consent was sought from participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Around 271 (58.91%) and 189 (41.08%) respondents were residing in urban and rural regions, respectively. Purchase of packages was seen in 297 (64.57%) people. Only one-fourth of the subjects had the practice of reading the food labels, with urban residents having a better practice when compared with rural population (<i>P</i> value < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study reveals a low level of utilization pattern of food labels among consumers of packaged food products. The findings of this study would be helpful for concerned authorities in creating and improving awareness among consumers and ensuring that their usability is improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 3","pages":"458-464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Internalizing Symptoms in Adults at a Wellness Centre in India.","authors":"Riri G Trivedi, Anita Kumar, Kathirvel Soundappan, Gunjan Y Trivedi, Hemalatha Ramani, Saurabh Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_419_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_419_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adverse childhood experiences (ACE or childhood trauma) include very stressful and potentially traumatic events linked to a higher risk of mental health challenges and chronic conditions. India has an opportunity to study the association between ACE exposure and internalizing symptoms (depression and anxiety). To evaluate the association between exposure to ACE and internalizing symptoms (depression and anxiety) at a wellness centre in India.</p><p><strong>Methods and material: </strong>This cross-sectional study studied a convenience sample of 909 individuals who self-assessed ACE exposure, depression (Major Depression Inventory: MDI), and anxiety levels (Generalized Anxiety Disorder: GAD-7). Logistic regression models evaluated the association between ACE and depression and anxiety levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show a strong association between ACE levels and depression as well as anxiety. Individuals with medium (1-3 ACEs), high (4-6 ACEs), and very high (> =7 ACEs) exposure to childhood trauma are at 2-7 odds of having major depression and 1-3 odds of having anxiety. Moreover, both Gen Z and Gen Y are at a higher risk of depression and anxiety compared with Gen X.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The research extends the findings from global research on ACE and mental health (depression, anxiety) in India, highlighting the strong association. Future work should expand the samples across the geography to enhance the insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 3","pages":"472-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Medical Improvs in Facilitating Learning and Acquisition of Skills among Healthcare Professionals.","authors":"Saurabh R Shrivastava, Prateek S Bobhate, Swapnil Inkane, Ankit Badge","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_4_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_4_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 3","pages":"537-538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant Non-Odontogenic Tumors of the Oral Cavity - Single Institutional Retrospective Study of Three Decades.","authors":"Sandhya Tamgadge, A K Anjali, Treville Pereira, Yash Deshmukh, Jayan Mehta, Shubham Kharat, Cathy Babu","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_772_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_772_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malignant non-odontogenic tumors of the oral cavity remain understudied in India, despite their global prevalence. This retrospective analysis examined cases from a single institution in Maharashtra between 1990 and 2021, focusing on patient demographics, clinical presentations, and histopathological features. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) emerged as the predominant malignancy, with epithelial malignancies accounting for 98.6% of cases. A slight male predominance was observed. Buccal mucosa was the most frequent site of occurrence, with tobacco chewing identified as the primary risk factor. This study underscores the need for increased attention to oral malignancies in routine medical examinations and calls for more comprehensive statistical analysis to inform clinical practice and public health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 3","pages":"530-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144286764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometric, Bioelectric, and Visceral Fat Indices to Predict Hypertension in Rural Rohtak, Haryana.","authors":"B M Vashisht, Arup Saha, Pratibha, Jyotsana, Anil Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_270_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_270_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension, which is responsible for many comorbidities like stroke and chronic heart disease, has a prevalence of 29.8% in India. They are many obesity indices; bioelectric and visceral fat indices are seen to be associated with hypertension. The region-specific cutoffs of these indices are important to make amenable policy decisions for the control of noncommunicable diseases. This study aimed to examine the various anthropometric, bioelectric, and visceral fat indicators as predictors of hypertension in adults of rural Rohtak, Haryana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 800 adults (18-60 years), who were permanent residents of Chiri Block. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, dietary, and morbidity data were collected, and measurements for various anthropometric and fat indices were taken using standardized methods. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to calculate the area under the curve (95% confidence interval) for validity and to estimate the optimal cutoff values of anthropometric and other indices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of obesity (WHO Asia Pacific criteria) was 40.60% (39.60% males, 41.30% females), whereas the prevalence of hypertension (AHA 2017) was 30.90% (34.6% males, 21.4% females). Waist circumference (WC) (0.736), visceral fat level (VFL) (0.723), and waist height ratio (WHtR) (0.717) had the highest area under curve values. Body mass index (BMI) had the highest sensitivity (69.9%), whereas body fat percentage (BFP) had the highest specificity (89.9%).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>WC and WHtR have proven to be superior indicators than BMI. VFL and BFP are emerging indicators, and further exploration needs to be done toward the utilization of these indices directly at the community level for screening purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 2","pages":"295-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Missed Opportunities in Early Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancer in Patients in Tamil Nadu - A Mixed Method Study.","authors":"Jayabharathi Srinivasagam, J Kannan, Rohini Srinivasagam, Srinivas Govindharajulu, S Valarmathi, Tamil Selvi Sivagnanam, Srinivasagam Gurusamy","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_534_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_534_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence suggests that cancer-associated mortality and morbidity may be substantially reduced when diagnosed early and prompt treatment is initiated. Assessing the reasons for delays may assist in formulating strategies to enhance treatment outcomes that will benefit the community, health sector, and policymakers. This study aimed to assess the pathways and reasons for head and neck cancer (HNC) diagnostic delays in a South Indian setting.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The Exploratory Mixed Method analysis was conducted at the Government Royapettah Cancer Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The study included 172 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of the stage III to IV of HNC during their first diagnostic examination. Quantitative data were collected from 117 participants using a semi-structured questionnaire, and in-depth interviews were conducted to identify the reasons (qualitative data) for delays. The median delay (both primary and secondary) and the association of the delay with various factors were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median primary delay was 86 days, and the secondary delay was 23 days. There was a statistically significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05) difference in the type of residence (<i>P</i> = 0.018) and importance given to health (<i>P</i> = 0.057) in primary delay. The secondary delay was associated with a family history of smoking/tobacco habits (<i>P</i> = 0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Factors causing the delay are evadable and can be reduced by improving health literacy to enhance symptom appraisal and amalgamation of various levels of health care in screening and early diagnosis of HNC.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 2","pages":"344-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Infertility among Married Couples of Kunnathukal Panchayath in Trivandrum District.","authors":"M S Vannya, Blessed Singh, Christopher Usha, Suba Y Joice, Jibin V Gladston","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_216_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_216_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infertility is a serious health issue worldwide, and it has been a neglected area among studies related to maternal and child health. There is a need for evidence-based knowledge regarding the prevalence of infertility and its determinants. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of infertility and its associated factors among married couples residing at Kunnathukal Panchayath in Trivandrum district.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1270 married couples residing at Kunnathukal Panchayath, selected using a cluster sampling technique. Data was collected using a pretested predesigned semi-structured questionnaire, entered into MS Excel, and analyzed using SPSS version 20. The Chi-square test, Fischer's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used as tests of significance. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to find independent predictors of infertility. <i>P</i> value < 0.05 was considered as statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence of infertility was found to be 12%, and among them, majority (65.8%) had primary infertility. The factors found to be significantly associated with infertility are occupation of females, age at time of menarche, dysmenorrhea, type of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, fibroid uterus, hypothyroidism, and BMI. In multivariate analysis, dysmenorrhea, type of dysmenorrhea, and uterine fibroid emerged as predictors of infertility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prevalence of infertility was found to be 12% in this study, which is almost similar to our state's average (10.5%) according to DLHS-3. Dysmenorrhea, type of dysmenorrhea, and uterine fibroid emerged as predictors of infertility. The preventive and intervention activities addressing infertility should give more priority to these predictors.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 2","pages":"282-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Bleak Reality of Tobacco Control Policies and Two-Tier Model for Mitigation.","authors":"Rahul Anand, Gargi Sarode, Namrata Sengupta, Sachin Sarode","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_669_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_669_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 2","pages":"395-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health of Women Affected by Gender-based Violence: A Neglected Public Health Domain.","authors":"Seema Jain, Gargi Pandey","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_708_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_708_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gender-based violence or violence against women is a global pandemic affecting 736 million women across the world. India is considered quite ahead in terms of women empowerment, but data about violence against Indian women point out that we are still leaps behind. When health impacts of gender-based violence against women are considered, mental health impacts are often overlooked. This article aims to highlight a hidden pandemic of mental health impact of gender-based violence on women and to come up with long-term solutions to tackle it. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles on \"gender-based violence \" AND \"mental health.\" Various documents were also searched to look for strategies to tackle mental health impact of violence on women. There is still a long way to go as far as mental health consequences of abuse on women are concerned. We are still just focussing on the physical injuries when the majority of medical help is considered. Counseling sessions and psychotherapy sessions along with screening of women at all OPDs are the long-term solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 2","pages":"271-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}