Indian Journal of Community Medicine最新文献_第3页

Unveiling the Hidden Burden: Prevalence of Depression among the Destitute in Kerala, India. 揭开隐藏的负担：印度喀拉拉邦穷人中抑郁症的流行。

IF 0.9

Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_462_24

Neenumol Babu, Naveenkumar Kodali, Neena Elizebeth Philip, Lekha D Bhat

{"title":"Unveiling the Hidden Burden: Prevalence of Depression among the Destitute in Kerala, India.","authors":"Neenumol Babu, Naveenkumar Kodali, Neena Elizebeth Philip, Lekha D Bhat","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_462_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_462_24","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In developing countries like India, literature on the destitute primarily addresses their economic and livelihood vulnerabilities, often overlooking their mental health. Depression, which contributes to the global burden of disease, is a chronic and prevalent mental health condition. Most destitute populations, identified by the Multidimensional Poverty Index, are concentrated in low-income and lower-middle-income countries, with India hosting the largest destitute population.Methods: This paper examines the prevalence of depression among Kerala's destitute population. Data were collected from 440 respondents via stratified sampling, drawn from the Destitute Free Kerala project, a state government initiative aimed at eradicating destitution, with participants selected from three geographically representative districts: Alappuzha, Kottayam, and Idukki. The 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and a study-specific questionnaire were used. Analysis employed univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results: The mean CES-D score was 21.80 (SD 5.55) with a median of 21.0, indicating a high prevalence of depression within the studied population. Variables significantly associated with depression included sudden health shocks (AOR = 3.44, 95% CI [2.10, 5.64], P < 0.001), chronic health problems (AOR = 3.70, 95% CI [2.22, 6.17], P < 0.001), education level (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI [0.44, 1.01], P = 0.056 for high school and above compared to primary education or below), and marital status (AOR = 3.65, 95% CI [1.64, 8.13], P = 0.001 for married compared to unmarried individuals).Conclusion: Findings underscore the need for robust mental health components in policies and interventions targeting this vulnerable, highly deprived population.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 5","pages":"822-827"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Survival Rates and Predictors of Mortality in Lung Cancer: A Multi-Centre Study in Kerala. 喀拉拉邦肺癌的存活率和死亡率预测因素：一项多中心研究。

IF 0.9

Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_795_24

Nisha Jose, Manuprasad Avaronnan, Narayanankutty Warrier, Anoop Velayudan

{"title":"Survival Rates and Predictors of Mortality in Lung Cancer: A Multi-Centre Study in Kerala.","authors":"Nisha Jose, Manuprasad Avaronnan, Narayanankutty Warrier, Anoop Velayudan","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_795_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_795_24","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lung cancer is a major health problem in India and accounts for 5.9% of all cancers and 8.1% of all cancer-related deaths. Survival analysis studies are scarce in India as they require long-term follow-up and a good database. Therefore, the present study was conducted to understand survival rates and factors associated with lung cancer mortality in India.Methods: It was a hospital-based registry, wherein six hospitals were selected from three zones - north, central, and south zones of Kerala. Patients of pathologically proven primary lung cancer (ICD-11 code C 33 and C 36) were recruited. All patients were followed up for 2 years from the date of diagnosis.Results: A total of 761 patients were registered from six tertiary care hospitals of Kerala who were diagnosed with primary lung cancer during the period 2017-2019. The median survival of the study population was 8.6 months (IQR 2.9-21.6). The cumulative mortality rates at the end of 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years were 39.9%, 57.8%, and 70.2%, respectively. The overall mortality rate was 6.38 (CI 3.03-12.97) per 100 person months. In adjusted Cox-proportional hazard model, participants with lymph node status of N2 (HR = 4.9, 95% CI 1.0-23.6), N3 (HR = 5.9, 95% CI 0.53-66.7), and NX (HR = 31.7, 95% CI 2.8-354.7) had higher mortality risk compared to those with N1 status.Conclusion: This study includes significant implications for policy in cancer diagnosis and first health system contact for treatment. Findings are crucial to effectively stratify risk in lung cancer beyond smoking history, comprehensive identification, and assessment of potential predictors of mortality.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 5","pages":"828-834"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Menstruation and Menstrual Hygiene: Analyzing the Gaps in Knowledge, Perception and Practices in a Rural Area of North East India. 月经和经期卫生：分析印度东北部农村地区在知识、认知和实践方面的差距。

IF 0.9

Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_513_24

Muchana Khound, Himashree Bhattacharyya, Shantasree Ghosh

{"title":"Menstruation and Menstrual Hygiene: Analyzing the Gaps in Knowledge, Perception and Practices in a Rural Area of North East India.","authors":"Muchana Khound, Himashree Bhattacharyya, Shantasree Ghosh","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_513_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_513_24","url":null,"abstract":"Menstruation is a natural and essential biological process that affects adolescent girls' physical, emotional, and social well-being. In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), menstruation is surrounded by misconceptions and inadequate management practices. This study aims to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and practices regarding menstruation and menstrual hygiene among school-going adolescent girls in North East India. The study employed a cross-sectional design and was conducted over a period of one year in schools which were randomly selected under the Kamalpur block of Kamrup district of Assam. Data were collected through an awareness program using a pre-tested proforma. A total of 176 adolescent girls who had attained menarche participated. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. The mean age of participants was 14.00 years, and the mean age at menarche was 11.89 years. A significant portion, 60% (106 girls), were well aware of the menstruation process, while 40% (70 girls) lacked adequate knowledge. Most participants (72.2%) reported always having access to menstrual materials. Concerns about leakage and disposal were highly prevalent, with 64.2% sometimes worrying about leakage and 67.0% about disposal. Cramps were the most common menstrual problem (63.1%). The majority (93.2%) used sanitary pads, while 3.4% used cloth or a combination. Disposal methods varied, with 47.2% using dustbins and 36.9% burying the pads. Chi-square tests indicated no significant association between the type of menstrual material used and menstrual problems (χ² =8.012, P = 0.628). This study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions and educational programs to address menstrual hygiene challenges. Future studies should explore longitudinal data and broader geographical scopes to enhance menstrual health management.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 5","pages":"849-853"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maternal Health Literacy (MHL) for Improved Maternal and Child Outcomes: A Scoping Review. 孕产妇健康素养（MHL）改善孕产妇和儿童结局：范围审查。

IF 0.9

Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_390_24

Aditi Chandrakar, Senthilkumar Ramasamy, Abhiruchi Galhotra, M Swathi Shenoy

{"title":"Maternal Health Literacy (MHL) for Improved Maternal and Child Outcomes: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Aditi Chandrakar, Senthilkumar Ramasamy, Abhiruchi Galhotra, M Swathi Shenoy","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_390_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_390_24","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring a country's health requires considering maternal and child health indices. Despite international efforts, the Sustainable Development Goals for maternal mortality and child health are still difficult to achieve. The current study aims to understand the maternal and children's outcomes of maternal health literacy (MHL). A scoping review was conducted on maternal health literacy outcomes. We searched for English language publications on MHL and its effects on mother and child health that were published between 2005 and 2024 in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. PRISMA chart is used for the study selection process and the data findings were compiled and summarized narratively. A total of 13 articles were included in this scoping review. MHL gives women the ability to get, comprehend, assess, and use health information, which has an impact on pregnancies, deliveries, and postpartum care. Higher MHL may result in better mother and newborn health outcomes since studies link it to increased use of prenatal care, skilled delivery attendance, and postnatal care services. MHL may also have an impact on things like breastfeeding habits, vitamin supplementation, and warning sign knowledge. MHL investments are essential for enhancing the health of mothers and children. By providing women with the knowledge, they need to make educated decisions, MHL may encourage healthier habits and improve the health of both mothers and their offspring.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 5","pages":"733-738"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Earned Print and Digital Media in Advancing Hypertension Management Services in Punjab, India: A Descriptive Study. 印度旁遮普邦的高血压管理服务：一项描述性研究。

IF 0.9

Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_264_23

Kritika Upadhyay, Sonu Goel, Nidhi Jaswal, Mahendra Pratap, Lopa Ghosh

{"title":"Earned Print and Digital Media in Advancing Hypertension Management Services in Punjab, India: A Descriptive Study.","authors":"Kritika Upadhyay, Sonu Goel, Nidhi Jaswal, Mahendra Pratap, Lopa Ghosh","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_264_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_264_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Most often, the role of media in the wider dissemination of information about health and diseases is underscored. The present study aims to systematically analyze and describe the outreach of print and online-earned media generated during a \"hypertension control project\" undertaken in a state of North India.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional analysis was conducted. All earned news stories published in print and online as part of the hypertension control project from January to November 2021 were included in the study. An integrated model of media communication was employed as an intervention method, which was created through a comprehensive literature study and Delphi methodology. Following a quantitative content analysis of earned media, a hypothetical value (in Indian Rupee) for print and online media was calculated.Results: Two hundred and eighty-five news items (154 print and 131 online) in total were published over an 11-month period, primarily (n = 153, 53.6%) in newspapers with over 70,000 readership. The earned media steadily increased over time, peaking in June and July. Most news items were feature articles (62.5%) followed by case stories (37.5%), with a prime focus on awareness generation (41.4%) among the public and increasing the capacity of stakeholders (35.1%). Press releases were highest at 53%, followed by press conferences (33.7%) and one-to-one interaction (13.3%). Most articles were focused on core hypertension (55%) and transfats (40.7%). The print and online news had a hypothetical cost of 152,970 US$ and 7,280 US$, respectively, which surpassed the resources spent on all project events.Conclusions: In the absence of financial support for paid media, earned media was strategically used to promote awareness about hypertension control.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 5","pages":"792-800"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unravelling Maternal Health Success of Jharkhand - A Potential Case Study for Positive Deviance. 解开贾坎德邦产妇保健的成功——积极偏差的潜在案例研究。

IF 0.9

Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_115_24

Asmita Patnaik, Saubhagya Kumar Jena, Binod Kumar Patro

{"title":"Unravelling Maternal Health Success of Jharkhand - A Potential Case Study for Positive Deviance.","authors":"Asmita Patnaik, Saubhagya Kumar Jena, Binod Kumar Patro","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_115_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_115_24","url":null,"abstract":"Jharkhand has shown significant progress in reducing Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) from 371 in 2011 to 56 per 100,000 live births by 2020 which places it alongside the Southern states of India. MMR and TFR data from Sample Registration Surveys (SRS) and maternal and key fertility indicators from National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) were retrieved. We plotted graphically all the states of India based on their MMR and TFR achievements as reported in SRS (2018-20) and explored the reasons of the unique position of Jharkhand's maternal health achievements. Jharkhand is the only state of India which has achieved the national MMR targets but falls short of national TFR targets. The progress of key maternal health indicators was significant whereas the improvement of key fertility indicators can be considered as work in progress. We examined the possible explanations of the unique position of Jharkhand in terms of health care provision and socio-cultural preferences. To sustain the progress achieved, Jharkhand must focus on behavioural interventions to limit the family size and achieving the national targets of TFR and ensuring respectful maternity care. While the reduction in MMR is promising, focused efforts are needed to reduce TFR by complex socio-behavioural interventions to reduce fertility while continuing the medical interventions for maternal morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 5","pages":"724-728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Triple Burden of Malnutrition among Young Women Aged 15-24 Years in a Rural Area of Haryana. 哈里亚纳邦农村地区15-24岁年轻妇女营养不良的三重负担。

IF 0.9

Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_294_24

Kathirvel Srinath, Ravneet Kaur, Archana Singh, Mani Kalaivani, Shashi Kant, Puneet Misra, Sanjeev Kumar Gupta

{"title":"Triple Burden of Malnutrition among Young Women Aged 15-24 Years in a Rural Area of Haryana.","authors":"Kathirvel Srinath, Ravneet Kaur, Archana Singh, Mani Kalaivani, Shashi Kant, Puneet Misra, Sanjeev Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_294_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_294_24","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malnutrition is a major problem, particularly among young women (aged 15-24 years) in rural India. Malnutrition not only affects their own health but may also affect the health of their future offspring. In India, there is a triple burden of malnutrition, that is, underweight, overweight, and anemia. However, only a few studies have assessed the triple burden in the community simultaneously. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition in a comprehensive manner and study the associated factors among young women in rural Haryana.Methodology: In this community-based study, 490 non-pregnant women aged 15-24 years were interviewed for socio-demographic details, menstrual and diet history, and anthropometry was performed. World Health Organization Asian adult body mass index cut-offs (for those aged ≥18 years) and extended International Obesity Task Force cut-offs (for those <18 years) were used to classify weight categories. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was estimated to identify anemia, defined as Hb concentration (<12 g/dL). The association between underweight, overweight, anemia, and selected independent variables was assessed by multivariate analysis.Results: The prevalence of underweight and overweight was 35.1% and 18.0%, respectively. The prevalence of anemia was 60.7%. The majority (98.2%) of the participants did not have adequate dietary diversity. Economic status and history of chronic disease or other infections had a significant association with being underweight. Women who were overweight had significantly lower odds of being anemic (odds ratio: 0.42; 95% confidence interval: 25-77%) (P = 0.01).Conclusion: The triple burden of malnutrition was high among young women residing in a rural area of Haryana, India.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 5","pages":"780-786"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12470337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Cross Sectional Study on the Risk Perceptions and Barriers towards Smoking Cessation in a Rural Setting in Goa. 在果阿农村环境中对戒烟的风险认知和障碍的横断面研究。

IF 0.9

Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_232_24

Rajat Sawant, Amit Dias, Saish Naik

{"title":"A Cross Sectional Study on the Risk Perceptions and Barriers towards Smoking Cessation in a Rural Setting in Goa.","authors":"Rajat Sawant, Amit Dias, Saish Naik","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_232_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_232_24","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco use is the leading single preventable cause of death worldwide. Every tenth adult in India currently smokes tobacco. India, in particular, grapples with a high prevalence of NCDs, surpassing previous estimations. Smoking being a well-established risk factor for NCDs it is important now more than ever to address this issue with a greater aim to alleviate the burden of NCDs in India. The study was conducted among 200 adult current cigarette smokers. Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine dependence and PHQ-9 to assess the mental health status were used. Nicotine dependence was present in 52.5% of the study participants. 152 (76%) of the study participants reported their willingness to quit smoking. The majority reported a lack of self-control and factors related to nicotine dependence as a barrier to smoking cessation. 76% of the participants had depression. A significant association was noted between nicotine dependence and depression. Current willingness for smoking cessation was found to be significant in the younger age group. A total of 74.3% of participants who were nicotine-dependent were willing to quit smoking. Individuals who had previously attempted to quit smoking were 2.7 times more likely to express a current willingness to quit. A significant proportion of current smokers are willing to quit smoking, but face multiple barriers. The younger age group and depression status were found to be significantly associated with willingness to quit. Past attempts to quit emerged as a strong predictor of current cessation intentions.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 Suppl 1","pages":"S129-S133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the Impact of Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors on the Body Mass Index of Children Aged 3-6 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study in Assam, India. 评估社会经济和环境因素对3-6岁儿童体重指数的影响：印度阿萨姆邦的一项横断面研究

IF 0.9

Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_531_23

Anujyoti Sonowal, Alaka Omprakash Chandak, Manesh Muraleedharan

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors on the Body Mass Index of Children Aged 3-6 Years: A Cross-Sectional Study in Assam, India.","authors":"Anujyoti Sonowal, Alaka Omprakash Chandak, Manesh Muraleedharan","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_531_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_531_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Assam, India, 33% of children under the age of five are underweight, according to the National Family Health Survey-5 statistics. The Assam Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project also discovered that 68% of Assam's children between the ages of 6 and 59 months are anemic. The goal of this study was to determine how socioeconomic and environmental factors affected the body mass index (BMI) of children in Assam, India, between the ages of 3 and 6 years old.Material and methods: 385 kids had their anthropometric measurements taken. With a 5% margin of error and a 95% confidence interval, this sample size was calculated. To find statistically significant features, the collected data were analyzed using univariate Chi-square tests and multivariate regression analysis.Results: Gender, parental employment status, lifestyle, and socio-economic conditions had statistically significant associations with different factors affecting children's BMI. In our study, no relationship was observed between BMI and the population density of the child living premises.Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of gender, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status as major determinants of nutritional health among children in Assam. Such findings highlight the need for more targeted interventions that may help reduce such influence, hence improving child health in the region. The fact that living area density does not correlate with BMI suggests that future policy efforts may be made more useful when focusing on the quality of the socio-economic environment rather than on features of the physical location of living areas.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 Suppl 1","pages":"S64-S69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Child Immunization during COVID-19: A Mixed Methods Case Study of Pathanamthitta District, Kerala. COVID-19期间儿童免疫接种：喀拉拉邦Pathanamthitta县混合方法案例研究

IF 0.9

Indian Journal of Community Medicine Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_152_23

Liz M Kuriakose

{"title":"Child Immunization during COVID-19: A Mixed Methods Case Study of Pathanamthitta District, Kerala.","authors":"Liz M Kuriakose","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_152_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_152_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Child immunization is a critical public health intervention to reduce the risk of infectious diseases. However, emergencies from disease, calamity, or conflict significantly disrupt the provision of immunization services through the primary healthcare system. This study aims to assess the impact of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on routine immunization in selected public health facilities in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, and understand aspects of planning and service delivery and the perspectives of primary stakeholders.Materials and methods: This mixed methods study of concurrent nested design in a Critical Realist paradigm assesses immunization patterns of 292 two-year-olds who sought routine immunization in 2020 and 2021. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS v. 16, and thematic analysis was performed on qualitative data. Triangulation of results involved comparing both datasets to generate a discussion of themes corresponding to immunization coverage and outcomes.Results: Immunization coverage across vaccines dropped in March 2020, followed by intense catching-up efforts in the subsequent months. Median delays in immunization uptake in the sample during the state lockdown (42 days) were higher than those experienced during the national lockdown (25 days). COVID-induced anxiety in parents, physical infrastructure, and accessibility of the health centers determined children's right to vaccines during the pandemic.Conclusion: Decontextualized guidelines, continuation with existing microplans, infrastructural deficiencies, and poor vaccine perceptions of parents/guardians triggered delays in vaccine uptake and a far-from-perfect immunization service delivery. Programme planning and implementation issues should be mitigated to prepare for future health emergencies without disrupting immunization services.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 Suppl 1","pages":"S54-S63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0