Indian Journal of Community Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Tool to Assess Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Teachers on School Adolescents' Mental Health (KAP-TAM).","authors":"Radhakrishnan Govindan, G Balamurugan, T M Deekshitha, R Tejashwini, Prasanthi Nattala, Rajani Parthasarathy, K M Rajendra, Channveerachari N Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_400_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_400_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescent students are mostly experiencing an increase in mental health issues. Most of the students' precious time is spent with their teachers. The first place adolescents seek is to obtain knowledge from their teachers. Teachers are essential for early screening, identifying, and connecting students with appropriate mental health support services. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the degree of mental health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) among teachers who work with adolescents.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The tool development encompasses four phases, that is, the literature search, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with teachers, development of KAP tool items, and establishment of validity and reliability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Through thematic analysis of the literature and FGDs, the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice tool's 20 items were created (ten in knowledge, five in attitude, and five in practice). The tool was validated by five mental health specialists. The Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI = 0.89) and Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI = 1) of the instrument were high. The scale has a high level of test-retest reliability (r = 0.7).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Teachers on school Adolescents' Mental health (KAP-TAM) demonstrates good test-retest reliability and good I-CVI and S-CVI scores. This tool will aid the individuals to assess teachers' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of school adolescents' mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S638-S646"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug Control Inventory (ABC-VED) Analysis of the Pharmacy at a Rural Primary Health Centre of Thane District, Maharashtra.","authors":"Gaurav R Naik, Vijaykumar Singh, Deepika M Sadawarte","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_468_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_468_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Efficient inventory management is essential for ensuring uninterrupted drug availability and optimal utilization of limited healthcare resources. ABC-VED analysis is a widely used inventory control technique that classifies drugs according to annual expenditure and criticality. The present study was conducted to identify drugs requiring priority managerial control at a Rural Primary Health Centre (PHC) in Thane District, Maharashtra.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at a Rural PHC in Thane District, Maharashtra, using pharmacy records from the calendar year 2023. Data on all drugs utilized at the PHC, including quantity consumed and unit cost, were collected. ABC analysis categorized drugs according to annual drug expenditure, while VED analysis classified drugs based on their criticality as Vital, Essential, or Desirable. An ABC-VED matrix was subsequently prepared to identify managerial priority categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 40 drugs with an annual drug expenditure of ₹193,784.4 were analyzed. ABC analysis showed that Category A (5 drugs): 69.5% of annual expenditure, Category B (7 drugs): -19.2%, and Category C (28 drugs): -11.3%. expenditure. VED analysis identified 15 Vital, 13 Essential, and 12 Desirable drugs. ABC-VED matrix analysis categorized 19 drugs into Category I, 12 drugs into Category II, and 9 drugs into Category III, indicating the need for stringent managerial control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ABC-VED analysis is an effective tool in drug inventory control at PHC pharmacies. It results in proper and optimal usage of resources, maintains adequate availability of essential drugs, ensures economic viability, and supports effective health care delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S720-S723"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Dengue Virus Infection in Different Geopolitical Zones of Odisha in Relation to Climatic Variation: An Observational Study.","authors":"Sailendra Panda, Gayatri Patra, Debasmita S Mishra, Birendra K Bindhani, Bhagirathi Dwibedi","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_944_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_944_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue is a major and expanding public health problem in India, with increasing case numbers and geographic spread. Climatic factors, particularly temperature and rainfall, play an important role in its transmission dynamics.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To analyze epidemiological trends and the association of climatic variables with dengue across different geopolitical zones of Odisha during 2012-2016.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multi-center retrospective observational study was based on passive surveillance, supplemented by active case finding, and conducted across selected healthcare facilities in Odisha between January 2012 and December 2016. A total of 4,325 patients with dengue-like illness were enrolled. Laboratory confirmation was performed using serological and molecular methods. Monthly climatic data were obtained from meteorological sources, and associations with dengue cases were assessed using Spearman correlation with a 1-month lag analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 4,325 cases, 2,212 (51.14%) were laboratory confirmed. Adults aged ≥ 20 years and males were more commonly affected. Dengue cases demonstrated a clear seasonal pattern, peaking during August to October. Rainfall showed a strong positive correlation with dengue cases (ρ =0.66, <i>P</i> < 0.01), which increased with a one-month lag (ρ =0.72, <i>P</i> < 0.01). Temperature exhibited a moderate positive association (ρ =0.44, <i>P</i> < 0.05), with higher transmission observed between 27 and 34°C. The Western and Mid-Central Tableland reported the highest number of cases, followed by the Coastal Plains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dengue transmission in Odisha shows marked spatial and temporal variation influenced by climatic factors. Rainfall, particularly with a lag effect, is strongly associated with dengue cases. Integration of climatic data into surveillance systems may support early warning and targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S669-S676"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Disparity to Integration: Transforming India's Immunization Strategy through Private Sector Engagement.","authors":"Somen Kumar Pradhan, Hrusikesh Patra, Ashutosh Panda, Jasmin Nilima Panda","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_327_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_327_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>India's Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) has substantially reduced the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases and remains one of the largest public health initiatives globally. However, despite sustained programmatic efforts, nearly one in four children remains incompletely immunized, and a considerable proportion of families continue to access vaccination services through the private healthcare sector. These services operate largely outside the governance framework of the UIP, resulting in fragmented practices, inconsistent reporting, variable quality standards, and missed opportunities for strengthening the national immunization ecosystem. This article argues that the private sector should be recognized not as a parallel system but as a strategic partner in achieving universal immunization goals. We propose a comprehensive integration framework that aligns private vaccination services with the UIP through six interconnected pillars: standardization of care, pricing and financing, capacity-building, vaccine storage and quality assurance, reporting and adverse event surveillance, and monitoring and evaluation. By embedding private providers within existing public health governance mechanisms and digital platforms, the framework promotes uniform standards of safety, accountability, affordability, and service delivery while preserving patient choice. Integrating private sector vaccination services through a coordinated, policy-driven approach offers a pragmatic pathway to improve coverage, strengthen surveillance, and build a more resilient and equitable immunization system in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S596-S600"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paddy Farmers' Perspectives on Foot Care, their Modalities for Prevention of Foot Injuries- A Community-based Qualitative Study.","authors":"Ponnarasu Ponnu, Manish Taywade, Sandeep Das, Binod Kumar Patro, Priyamadhaba Behera","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_804_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_804_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Occupational disorders are the causes of lost workdays, inefficient performance by workers, and medical costs. This study was done to explore the understanding and perspectives of paddy farmers on foot care and their preventive strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In-depth interviews (IDI) using a semi-structured IDI guide were conducted among the experienced (40 years and above) paddy farmers over two months. A total of 15 farmers were interviewed, and then a qualitative content analysis was done using ATLAS.ti. An inductive approach was taken.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In-depth interviews showed three themes: first, \"Farmers' knowledge, beliefs, and views on foot care\" included recognizing the importance of foot health, seeing foot care as part of overall well-being (general health), engaging in positive health-seeking behaviors, and having limited awareness of foot-related risks. Second, the \"Experience of foot injuries\" was common and included thorn pricks, lacerations, sprains, pain, swelling, and tingling. Third, farmers reported \"strategies and challenges in foot care,\" including basic hygiene practices such as washing and oil application. Footwear was often viewed as impractical during fieldwork due to slipperiness or discomfort. However, most farmers expressed a strong need for support in accessing suitable protective footwear.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study uncovered a lack of formal education and public health support related to foot care among paddy farmers. These findings emphasize the need for community-level education on foot health. Improving foot care awareness and providing access to suitable, field-appropriate protective footwear could be crucial in preventing injuries and enhancing overall foot health among agricultural workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S677-S683"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Counting Deaths: Why India must Strengthen Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Systems for Equitable Health Governance.","authors":"Sudip Bhattacharya, Abha Kumari, Alok Singh, Vanisree Ramanathan, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Manish Goyal, Nishat Ahmed Sheikh, Om Prakash Bera","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_290_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_290_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate death registration is one of the most fundamental components of an effective public health system. Mortality data provide critical insights into disease patterns, demographic transitions, healthcare needs, and social inequalities. In India, the civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) system and the sample registration system (SRS) collectively serve as the primary sources of mortality information. However, despite decades of efforts to improve registration completeness, substantial disparities continue to exist across states and union territories. Analysis of National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) data demonstrates marked variations in death registration coverage, ranging from universal registration in some regions to less than 40% in others. An unexpected finding is the higher death registration rate in rural areas compared with urban areas at the national level. These disparities reflect deeper differences in governance, administrative efficiency, digital infrastructure, public awareness, accessibility, and socio-cultural practices. Incomplete death registration weakens mortality surveillance, hampers health planning, limits evidence-based policymaking, and obscures the true burden of disease. This viewpoint argues that strengthening death registration should be viewed not merely as an administrative responsibility but as a public health, governance, and social justice priority. A six-pillar framework involving legal reforms, institutional strengthening, digital transformation, community engagement, service integration, and data-driven monitoring is proposed to achieve universal and equitable death registration across India.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S591-S595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron-folic Acid Compliance: An Overlooked Determinant of Maternal Anemia and Birth Outcome.","authors":"Neha Gawarle, Shweta Chauhan, Kavita Vishwakarma, Prerna Verma","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_892_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_892_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S726-S727"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in an Urban Poor Locality of Bengaluru, South India - A Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Giriyanna Gowda, Sunil M Guruoadaswamy, Sweta Balappa Athani, Sridevi Kulkarni","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_145_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_145_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COPD is a worldwide public health problem; approximately 5% of all global deaths are attributed to COPD. Among chronic respiratory conditions, COPD contributes to 50% of the disease burden and 70% of DALYs in India. In India, it accounted for 9.5% of all deaths. There is limited community-based data on the prevalence of COPD and its risk factors in India.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban poor locality of Bangalore. Sample size was calculated to be 1560. Population proportion to size (PPS) sampling technique was used. Information was collected from subjects aged >30 years through the interview method using a pretested semistructured questionnaire. A spirometry test was used to diagnose COPD.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis: </strong>Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and percentages were used. A Chi-square test was used to assess the association between categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression was done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of COPD among individuals aged above 30 years was 10.38%. The prevalence among males was 14.4% and among females was 7.1%. The majority (74.06% had a moderate to severe stage of COPD. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the association of the risk factors for COPD was found to be statistically significant with age, history of tobacco smoke, smokeless tobacco, type of fuel used, biomass fuel exposure, ETS exposure, and indoor air pollution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of COPD among the population aged more than 30 years in an urban poor locality of a metropolitan city is high, with males having a higher prevalence than females.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S710-S715"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening Tobacco Control during the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Secondary Policy Review and Analysis.","authors":"Amit Yadav, Ranjit Singh, Praveen Sinha","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_811_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_811_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>India's response to the COVID-19 crisis involved invoking a combination of emergency and penal laws and regulations to prevent tobacco use, especially in public places to prevent transmission of COVID-19 in the country. This paper presents a review of the laws, policies, and administrative actions undertaken for strengthening and advancing tobacco control during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. All possible pre- and post-independence legislation were used to strengthen, advance, and implement effective tobacco control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent its transmission. Most restrictions were imposed under the Epidemic Diseases and Disaster Management Acts, in conjunction with laws under the penal code, food safety regulations, and tobacco control statutes. The restrictions were issued in the form of official orders and notifications, primarily aimed at prohibiting the use of tobacco products and spitting in public spaces. Advisories and orders were issued from the national level, the state governments, and district administration in taking these initiatives. Judicial decisions also supported this approach. More than 90% of the reviewed directives specified the type of tobacco products subject to restrictions, 85% cited COVID-19 as the rationale for these measures, and 90% designated enforcement authorities to ensure compliance with the directives. India's longstanding history of tobacco control legislation played a pivotal role in addressing tobacco use as a preventive strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The experience of India's pandemic response suggests that a judicious use of existing legislation may offer a pragmatic solution for effectively addressing public health emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S612-S617"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Prevalence of Polypharmacy and Potentially Inappropriate Medications among Elderly Patients in Urban Areas of Western Rajasthan.","authors":"Pritanjali Kumari, Jaykaran Charan, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Bharat Kumar, Akhil D Goel, Pravesh Aggarwal, Rashmi Kaushal, Prem Prakash Sharma","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_310_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_310_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The elderly population is increasing worldwide, including India. This population has multiple chronic conditions, leading to the prescription of multiple drugs called polypharmacy. This increases the risk of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM use among elderly individuals in urban western Rajasthan and identify associated factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2024 in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. A total of 265 elderly individuals (aged 60 and above) were selected through convenience sampling. Data on demographics, comorbidities, and medication use were collected using a semi-structured, pre-validated questionnaire. Polypharmacy was defined as the use of five or more medications. PIMs were identified using the 2023 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria. Data were analyzed using SPSS v23.0 with logistic regression to identify predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of polypharmacy was 64.5% (95% CI 58.6-70.04). Diabetes (OR: 4.34), hypertension (OR: 2.24), and heart disease (OR: 4.42) were significantly associated with polypharmacy. PIMs were used by 65.3% of participants and were significantly linked to depression (<i>P</i> = 0.003), anxiety (<i>P</i> = 0.007), and heart disease (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Polypharmacy was strongly associated with PIM use (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Polypharmacy and PIM use are highly prevalent among the elderly in urban western Rajasthan. Chronic diseases, such as diabetes and heart conditions, significantly increase medication usage and patient risk. These findings emphasize the need for regular medication reviews, elderly-focused prescribing guidelines, and enhanced provider awareness to ensure safe drug use in geriatric care.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S691-S695"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}