Indian Journal of Community Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension among Adults in a Rural Block of Haryana.","authors":"Neelam Kumar, Priya Punyani, Anuj Jangra, Vinay Phogat, Jyotsana Tundwal, Annpurna Jangra, Sunil Arora, Vishal Naresh","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_474_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_474_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is one of the biggest global public health problems, which is becoming more and more common in developing nations. Hypertension is defined according to the 2017 American Heart Association report on guidelines for prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure as follows: systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure more than of 80 mmHg.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the field area attached to the community health center, Dighal in the district Jhajjar, a rural field practice area under the Department of Community Medicine, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak. The study was conducted among 600 adults in 10 subcenters selected by simple random sampling.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Data collected were entered in the MS Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS v23.0 software. Appropriate tests of significance were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study showed that 59.2% were females and 40.8% were males. Prevalence of hypertension was 25.2%. It was found to be highly significant association between hypertension and several sociodemographic factors, including age, education, occupation, and socioeconomic status. Similarly, dietary habits and top salt intake were strongly linked to hypertension.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study reflects high prevalence of hypertension among the rural population of Jhajjar, Haryana. It is significantly associated with sociodemographic factors, dietary fibers, personal history, and body mass index. Hypertension is a major risk factor for noncommunicable disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S618-S623"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare Utilization Patterns for Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Illness in an Urban Slum of Delhi: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Debadatta Nayak, Roja Varanasi, Rajiv Janardhanan, Simran Tandon, Sanghamitra Pati","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_13_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_13_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) imposes a significant burden on individuals and the healthcare system, particularly in densely populated urban slums. In the context of rising antibiotic resistance driven by widespread self-medication and over-the-counter drug use, understanding care-seeking behavior in resource-constrained settings is essential for effective resource management and equitable public health interventions. This study examined healthcare utilization patterns among residents of an urban slum in Delhi experiencing AUFI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective longitudinal cohort study assessed healthcare utilization patterns for AUFI using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire over 18 months. The outcome measures were the type of healthcare facility accessed and the medical discipline consulted by individuals with AUFI episodes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,497 individuals were included, with 1,278 AUFI episodes recorded. Government hospitals were the most utilized (64.8%), followed by self-medication (18.9%), while private facilities had minimal use. Allopathy was the predominant medical discipline (84.7%), followed by homeopathy (6.9%), Unani (2.7%), Ayurveda (2.2%), and other unclassified practices (3.5%). Age and sex did not significantly influence healthcare choices, whereas socioeconomic status significantly affected the choice of medical discipline. The socioeconomic status was the key determinant of care-seeking behavior; while age, sex, and duration of symptoms had no significant influence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Government hospitals and allopathic treatment were the primary choices, followed by self-medication. Socioeconomic status emerged as a key determinant of care-seeking behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S647-S654"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of Medical Certification of Cause of Death in a City of Assam.","authors":"Kankana Gogoi, Tulika Goswami Mahanta, Gourangie Gogoi","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_797_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_797_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medical Certification of Cause of Death (MCCD) is essential for generating reliable mortality statistics, while errors in medical certification can affect disease surveillance and health planning.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the quality of MCCD in Dibrugarh city, Assam.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, record-based study was conducted during 2024-2025 using MCCD records of deaths that occurred between January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2023.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Assessment of the quality of death certificates showed that the immediate cause of death was recorded in all certificates (100%), the antecedent cause in 73.8%, and other significant conditions in 18.7%. A complete causal sequence (immediate, antecedent, and other) was present in 18.5% of certificates, whereas only the immediate cause was documented in 25.9% and immediate + antecedent in 55.3% of certificates, indicating incomplete clinical documentation. Of 390 certificates, age was not recorded for 1.1% of certificates. No pediatric deaths were recorded during the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights deficiencies in the completeness and quality of MCCD, particularly in recording of causal sequences and essential variables. Strengthening training and standardization of certification practices is necessary to improve the reliability of mortality data for public health planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S704-S709"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Iron Supplementation in Indian Pregnant Women: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Urvish Joshi, Tejas Shah, Venu Shah, Bhargav Dave, Sheetal Shrimali, Margeyi Mehta, Sharon Baisil, B Sanjay Kini","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_73_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_73_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anemia prevalence in Indian pregnant women remains at 52.2% (The National Family Health Survey-5), necessitating rigorous comparison of standard versus newer iron formulations to optimize treatment in India. To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of oral and parenteral iron preparations in Indian pregnant women, focusing on hemoglobin and serum ferritin improvement. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) published up to 2024. Only RCTs from India were included. Data from 17 trials (<i>N</i> = 2,228) were synthesized using network meta-analysis to estimate mean differences (MDs) in hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels. Within oral formulations, newer salts significantly outperformed the standard of care; specifically, ferrous asparto glycinate demonstrated the highest hemoglobin improvement (MD: 1.21 g/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-2.38) (hypothesis-generating; small sample), followed by ferrous bisglycinate and iron polymaltose complex, compared to ferrous sulfate. Among parenteral formulations, iron sucrose emerged as the superior agent (MD: 0.76 g/dL; 95% CI 0.52-1.00) for hemoglobin recovery. While the comparison between modes confirmed the known superiority of parenteral over oral iron (MD: 0.88 g/dL at 4 weeks), the network ranking highlights that newer oral molecules offer significantly better efficacy than the current standard, ferrous sulfate. Iron sucrose shows the highest efficacy for rapid hemoglobin correction. Among oral options, ferrous asparto glycinate, ferrous bisglycinate, and iron polymaltose complex provide better hemoglobin improvement than ferrous sulfate. These findings support a review of iron-molecule choices within the Anemia Mukt Bharat strategy. <b>PROSPERO</b> Registration Number: CRD42024570537.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S601-S611"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Determinants, and Student-Perceived Remedies for Absenteeism among Medical Undergraduates in India: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Rashmi Bhujade, Gagandeep Kaur, Sugandhi Sharma, Anupama Shrivastava, Pankaj K Jain, Anil S Baghel","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_790_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_790_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) by the National Medical Commission (NMC) has a key consideration of active involvement among medical undergraduates. But, nowadays absenteeism has increased among them, adversely affecting the scholarly outcome, clinical proficiency and expertise.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the multi-factorial causes, significant correlates and student-suggested remedies responsible for absenteeism.</p><p><strong>Setting and design: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students of medical colleges across India.</p><p><strong>Methods and material: </strong>Pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire via Google Form was used to assess factors contributing to absenteeism and remedial suggestions among 5799 students. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was done by using IBM-SPSS v24.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most commonly reported causes of absenteeism were the availability of other learning options, 3413 (41.14%), followed by long college hours, 1842 (31.76%) and poor coverage of syllabus in classes, 1630 (28.1%). It was observed that 38.47% of the students reported less attendance than the recommended attendance by NMC, either in theory or practical classes. A statistically significant association was found between absenteeism and gender, marital status, area of residence, type of family, socioeconomic status, and joining MBBS by choice, having doctors in the family, bedtime, and duration of sleep. Reduction in college timing 3810 (65.70%), inclusion of more practical aspects 2588 (44.62%), and sharing attendance with parents 2584 (44.55%) were some the most commonly suggested measures for reduction in absenteeism among the students.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Absenteeism is a striking, multi-factorial issue where urgent institutional reform is required, including optimized schedules and enhanced practical engagement, for ensuring success of the CBME framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S662-S668"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Perspectives on Health Status and Non-Communicable Diseases among Tribals in Chhota Udepur District of Gujarat.","authors":"Anil Avhad, Jaiprakash Ram, Kiran Vinayak Kale, R Govind Reddy, Abha Sharma, Kalpana Kachare, Deepa Makhija, Narayanam Srikanth","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_207_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_207_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are 698 Scheduled Tribes in India, accounting for 8.6% of the country's population and covering 15% of its area. In Gujarat State, Scheduled Tribes constitute 14.75% of the total population. A comprehensive survey would provide essential data to design targeted healthcare interventions, improve access, and address disparities, ultimately enhancing health outcomes for the tribal population.</p><p><strong>Aim and objectives: </strong>This survey was aimed to explore the living conditions, dietary habits, sociodemographic profiles, the nature and frequency of prevalent diseases, and other information related to the health status of the tribes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among the scheduled tribe population of Chhota Udepur district of Gujarat for 9 months, from July 2021 to March 2022. Information about their sociodemographic characteristics, risk factor profile, and prevalence of non-communicable disorders was collected in a structured format by direct interview technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that 928 (57.14%) of houses were semi-pucca, 2225 (58.83%) of adults were illiterate, 169 (10.73%) of males and 68 (4.32%) of females had grade I hypertension, 105 (15.72%) of males and 148 (22.15%) of females had moderate anemia, 91 (12.28%) were pre-diabetic, and 317 (14.14%) of children had recurrent skin infections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings underscore socioeconomic hurdles due to poverty and other factors. Health issues like anemia, overweight, hypertension, and infections persist, influenced by factors such as poor hygiene and inadequate access to healthcare. Challenges require holistic approaches, including improved education, healthcare access, livelihood opportunities, and awareness programs focusing on hygiene and nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S696-S703"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Anemia and Its Associated Factors among Urban Indian Elderly Population: Findings from Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"T V Sanjay, K Saranya, R Lavanya, D Sudeepa","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_641_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_641_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anemia is a global public health concern with adverse effects on health and socioeconomic development. Among the elderly, it is often underdiagnosed and undertreated despite being a marker of physiological decline and morbidity. With India undergoing demographic transition, the burden among the elderly is expected to increase. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among the urban Indian elderly population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to June 2020 among 250 elderly individuals (≥60 years) in the urban field practice area of a medical college. Data on sociopersonal characteristics, dietary and personal habits, and comorbidities were collected using a pretested semistructured proforma. Hemoglobin was estimated using the HemoCue Hb 301 system, and anemia was classified as per WHO criteria. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, <i>t</i>-test, and multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of anemia was 38.4%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that increasing age, female sex, dependence in activities of daily living, and consumption of two or fewer meals per day were independently associated with anemia. Pallor was significantly associated with lower mean hemoglobin levels (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>More than one-third of the urban Indian elderly population had anemia. Increasing age, female sex, dependence in activities of daily living, and consumption of two or fewer meals per day were independently associated with anemia. These findings highlight the need for routine screening, nutritional assessment, and functional evaluation among the elderly population and support greater inclusion of elderly in national demographic and health surveys and future anemia prevention and control initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S655-S661"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco Industry's Corporate Diversification in the Evolving Landscape of Tobacco Control Laws in India - A Comparative Time-Series Analysis.","authors":"Anwita Khaitan, Shivam Kapoor, Amit Yadav, Chandravali Madan","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_938_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_938_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India has established a strong policy framework to curb tobacco use-a significant risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)-by enforcing Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) 2003 and ratifying WHO-Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) 2003. Within this regulatory context, India's tobacco companies have diversified business activities and adopted brand extension and other promotional strategies. This exploratory study examines these diversification and surrogate marketing practices and their relevance to tobacco control policy implementation and NCD prevention in India.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A historical review and secondary data analysis were conducted using company reports, academic literature, and industry sources. Six tobacco companies-ITC Limited, Godfrey Phillips India Ltd. (GPI), DS Group, Pataka, Miraj, and Mangalore Ganesh Beedi Works-were analyzed for diversification timelines, brand strategies, and regulatory responses. Qualitative analyses and time-series mapping were undertaken.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ITC Limited emphasized brand stretching using its <i>Wills</i> ^® brand (<i>Wills</i> ^® Lifestyle, <i>Wills^®</i> India Fashion Week), while GPI used its <i>Red and White</i> ^® brand (<i>Red and White</i> ^® Bravery Awards). DS Group diversified into fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) and hospitality, with <i>Rajnigandha</i> ^® as its flagship brand. Pataka and Miraj expanded into pan masala and FMCG sectors. Ganesh Beedi, however, remained tobacco-centric, relying on scale and cultural imagery. These strategies circumvented COTPA's advertising restrictions and contravened WHO-FCTC Article 13.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Brand extension and surrogate marketing have sustained tobacco brand visibility within the current regulatory framework. Enforcing COTPA and WHO-FCTC Article 13 with more transparent oversight of corporate diversification may effectively restrict tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship and strengthen NCD prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S624-S630"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ergonomic Knowledge and Postural Behavior Among Healthcare Undergraduates: A Cross-Sectional Survey.","authors":"Erica A D'Costa, Soni Srikantaiah, Jahnavi Hariyani","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_52_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_52_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is increasingly common among healthcare students, primarily due to poor ergonomic behavior, static postures, and limited physical activity during academic and clinical tasks. Adequate ergonomic knowledge and appropriate postural behaviors may help reduce the risk of musculoskeletal pain during training and future professional practice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 421 undergraduate students from five healthcare disciplines (Dental, Medical, Nursing, Pharmacy, and Physiotherapy) at a private university, in Bengaluru, India. The validated adult version of the Aristegui questionnaire was administered online. Responses to knowledge and behavior were scored and categorized into Good, Fair, and Poor levels. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While 56.1% of students demonstrated good ergonomic knowledge, only 5.5% exhibited good ergonomic behavior. A significant association was observed between discipline and ergonomic knowledge (<i>P</i> = 0.033), whereas ergonomic behavior did not differ across disciplines (<i>P</i> = 0.520). MSP was reported by 68.2% of participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight a disconnect between knowledge and practice, reinforcing the need to integrate structured ergonomic education and hands-on training into healthcare curricula.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S716-S719"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Association of Domestic Violence And Its Effect on Mental Status Among Females in an Urban Slum of Chandigarh: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Komal Yadav, Kapil Goel, Krishan Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_525_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_525_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Domestic violence does not end when the physical harm stops-for countless women, it continues to live on as depression, anxiety, and psychological distress long after the violence has ceased. So, the main objective of this paper was to examine the prevalence of domestic violence and its impact on the mental health among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in an urban slum in Chandigarh, focusing on its effects on their mental health.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 279 females aged 15-49 years in Sector-25, Chandigarh, residing in urban slum areas. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a pretested questionnaire, including the Domestic Violence Questionnaire, Self-Harm Inventory, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. Ethical consideration was taken from the institute, and informed consent was taken from eligible females. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Fisher's exact test and multivariable logistic regression were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of domestic violence was found to be 30.1% (95% CI: 25.0-35.7%) among females in urban slums, with insulting behavior (94.0%) being the most prevalent. Other factors that were associated, such as type of residence, occupation of the participant, and the history of substance abuse, were significant contributors. Women who experienced domestic violence had significantly higher odds of anxiety symptoms compared to those who did not (odds ratio: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.21-4.57; <i>P</i> = 0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Females still experience violence, leading to poor mental health outcomes including depression, anxiety and stress. Targeted interventions are needed to address mental health issues associated with domestic violence.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"51 Suppl 4","pages":"S631-S637"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}