Indian Journal of Community Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Work Ability Index and its Correlates among Police Officers in a District of South Kerala.","authors":"A V Gayathri, Jose Vincent, Aarya Serin Raju, Thekkumkara Surendran Anish","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_53_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_53_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Work ability, crucial for health and productivity, hinges on the balance between work demands and personal resources and is impacted by evolving factors. Effective occupational health practices and stress management significantly influence workforce well-being, especially in professions such as the police force. This study aimed to assess the work ability index (WAI) of police officers in a district of South Kerala and explore its correlation with the occupational stress index (OSI). The secondary objective was to find the sociodemographic factors associated with WAI and OSI. In this community-based cross-sectional study conducted from August 2018 to July 2019, 124 police officers in Kerala's Kollam district were selected via multistage cluster sampling. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on WAI and OSI and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. The study involved participants with a mean age (SD) of 44.56 (5.98) years, of whom 56.5% were males. It was found that 2.4% had poor, 33.1% moderate, 37.9% good, and 26.6% had excellent WAI. The mean OSI score was 141.2 (SD: 20.8), exhibiting a significant association with the WAI. Police officers identified strenuous working conditions, role ambiguity, overload, unprofitability, and low status as major stressors. The poor WAI was also linked to multimorbidity. The study found that subjects generally exhibited good work ability based on their average WAI score, which correlated negatively with high work stress levels. It underscores the importance of training police officers in communication skills and implementing preventive measures to enhance workplace health and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 Suppl 1","pages":"S109-S113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Salivary Flow Rate and Salivary PH in Subjects with Smoked, Smokeless, and Combined form of Tobacco Habits (Epidemiological-Based Study).","authors":"Kavleen K Sethi, Sunita Srivastava, Abhishek Sinha, Anuj Mishra, Haider Iqbal, Tanmay Srivastava","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_704_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_704_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Saliva is a complicated secretion of the oral cavity and is the first fluid to be exposed to the toxic components of tobacco products. Saliva undergoes structural and functional changes due to tobacco use throughout time. As a result, measurements of salivary flow rate (SFR) and pH were made in subjects with habit of smokeless, smoked, and combined forms of tobacco habits.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The study was conducted in a dental institute. Subjects with the habit of smoking, smokeless, and combined forms of habits were included in this study. Schirmer tear strips and pH strips were used to assess SFR and pH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On comparison of SFR between control and habit groups, a statistically significant reduction of SFR was observed in habit groups. On comparison of salivary pH, a statistically significant decrease was observed in smokeless and smoked form of tobacco usage group when compared with the control group. Duration, frequency, and exposure also alter SFR and pH. Significant gradual decline in resting salivary flow rate levels with increase in duration of tobacco usage and increase in number of packs consumed/day was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The role of salivary flow and pH is to maintain oral and dental health. Based on the results of this study, we concluded that long-term habits, whether smokeless, smoking, or combined tobacco habit, significantly reduce SFR and pH. These alterations can render oral mucosa more vulnerable to various oral diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 Suppl 1","pages":"S70-S75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Lingering Menace of Drug Abuse Among the Indian Youth-It's Time for Action.","authors":"Sudip Bhattacharya, G Shreekumar Menon, Suneela Garg, Ashoo Grover, Sheikh Mohd Saleem, Poonam Kushwaha","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_118_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_118_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The issue of substance abuse has emerged as a global public health crisis in the twenty-first century, affecting every country worldwide, as drug trafficking and addiction have become pervasive. Different local and global entities have documented an elevated occurrence of substance abuse among youths in comparison with earlier cohorts. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the harmful patterns of drug use. In India, there has been a concerning increase in drug abuse among the youth. The stress and pressures of modern life have made individuals more susceptible to substance abuse. Substance abuse not only affects individuals, families, and communities but also undermines various aspects of health, including physical, social, political, cultural foundations, and mental well-being. In this viewpoint, we have described the changing dynamics of drug abuse in India and possible interventions to revert this shadow pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 Suppl 1","pages":"S9-S12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Outbreak of the Vexatious Pediatric Illness: Threat to the Elimination Program.","authors":"Sameena Khan, Sahjid Mukhida, Rajashri Patil, Nikunja Kumar Das","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_239_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_239_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 Suppl 1","pages":"S142-S143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"B.G. Prasad Socioeconomic Scale 2024: An Update Using Conventional Approach and Linear Regression Modelling.","authors":"Hem Nandani Pathak, G Jahnavi, Bijit Biswas","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_153_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_153_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 Suppl 1","pages":"S140-S141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Suspected Reproductive Tract Infection/Sexually Transmitted Infection among Women of a Reproductive Age Group (15-49 Years) in Rural Puducherry.","authors":"Karthika Ganesamoorthy, Venkatachalam Jayaseelan, Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy, Sonali Sarkar, Malathi Munisamy, Manikandanesan Sakthivel","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_789_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_789_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reproductive tract infection (RTI) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) comprise a hidden epidemic causing significant health and economic consequences. There is a paucity of literature on RTI/STI prevalence and health seeking behavior among South Indian reproductive women. Hence, we carried out this study in rural Puducherry to ascertain the prevalence, contributing factors, and treatment-seeking behavior of suspected RTI/STI among women of a reproductive age.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural field practice area of JIPMER, Puducherry, between September 2018 and January 2020. Symptoms suggestive of RTI/STI were assessed according to the syndromic approach guidelines devised by World Health Organization for RTI/STI. Point estimates were reported as proportions with 95% confidence interval (CI). Log binomial regression was performed to identify the factors associated with suspected RTI/STI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 370 reproductive age group women participated in the study. The prevalence of suspected RTI/STI was 29.2% (95% CI: 24.6%-34.1%). Vaginal discharge (96.3%) was the most common RTI/STI symptom. Nearly 40% had history of similar symptoms in the past. Nearly one third (30.9%) did not seek care in any health facility. In multivariable analysis, women aged 15-19 years had higher risk of having suspected RTI/STI (aPR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.02-4.25) when compared to women aged 40-49 years. Women using copper-T had 1.69 times higher risk of having suspected RTI/STI (aPR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.13-2.52) when compared to women using other forms of contraceptives.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Almost one in three reproductive age women had suspected RTI/STI in rural Puducherry. Almost one-third of them did not seek care from any health facility.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 Suppl 1","pages":"S83-S89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and Facilitators for Accessing Mental Health Care and Support for Adolescents in India - A Systematic Review.","authors":"Mukta K Gadgil, Shrinivas Darak, Snehal Jadhav, Bal Rakshase","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_307_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_307_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental health issues among adolescents are a significant public health concern globally. Overall, the unmet need for mental health care is high across the globe in different socio-demographic and ethnic populations. There have been efforts to understand the barriers to reducing the treatment gap globally and in India. It is evident that in different populations and countries, there are variations in barriers to accessing mental health care. A systematic understanding of barriers and facilitators to accessing care would be the first step toward bridging the gap in mental healthcare needs. This systematic review seeks to identify the factors that either enable or hinder adolescents in accessing care for their mental health concerns in India.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The electronic search was conducted in March 2023 on two databases: PubMed and Google Scholar. A detailed search strategy with relevant search terms was developed. The search yielded 1402 articles, which were further screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 242 such articles were thus screened for abstract, of which 26 articles were screened for full paper, and finally, five articles were included in the review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Barriers and facilitators to access to care are represented using the ecological model of behavior change. Facilitators at each level of this model help a person move closer to accessing health care, while barriers at each level take a person away from accessing health care. At the individual and interpersonal level, factors such as knowledge, awareness, and willingness to seek care, and treatment are predominant factors. At the institutional level, i.e., at the school level, awareness among teachers is an important facilitator, whereas stigma is a crucial community-level barrier to accessing health care. Most facilitators and barriers identified during this systematic review are related to policy-level issues such as quality of health care and Human Resource (availability, training, etc.), healthcare setup, Health Care Funding, etc.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evidence for access to mental healthcare-related barriers and facilitators for adolescents in India is very scanty. More research is needed to understand these aspects from varying socio-cultural and demographic backgrounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 Suppl 1","pages":"S22-S29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the Emotional Terrain: Exploring the Psychological Impact of Infertility on Women at a Tertiary Care Hospital.","authors":"Anita Yadav, Jyoti Baghel, Anusha Kamath, Shuchita Mundle, Charu Sharma, Avinash Prakash","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_69_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_69_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infertility affects one in four couples globally, with significant psycho-social implications. This study explores the psychological footprint of infertility on women's mental health in a tertiary care hospital, emphasizing the prevalence of distress and the need for targeted interventions to alleviate the emotional burden experienced by infertile women. This cross-sectional study, conducted from April to December 2020, enrolled 132 women with primary infertility (18-45 years) at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Participants completed a questionnaire covering socio-demographic details, reproductive history, social aspects, and the Psychological Evaluation Test (PET). Data analysis included descriptive statistics and inferential analyses using SPSS software, aiming to explore the psychological impact of infertility on women's lives and identify those in need of psychological support. Out of 132 participants, the mean Psychological Evaluation Test (PET) score was 33.5 ± 5.3, signifying notable psychological distress. Women aged 26-30 constituted the majority (43.2%), with 57.6% residing in rural areas. Primary infertility was prevalent, with a mean duration of 5.9 ± 4.9 years. Most received medical treatment (76%), and 59.8% reported spousal support. Emotional reasons dominated desires for children, while financial problems and infertility treatment were major stressors. The study reveals a high prevalence of psychological distress among infertile women, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. The study underscores the substantial psychological distress among infertile women, emphasizing the imperative for integrated psychological support. This holistic approach is crucial for enhanced infertility management and improved overall well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 Suppl 1","pages":"S103-S108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Practices Regarding Maternal, Infant, and Young Child Feeding (MIYCF) among Women Living in Tea Estates of Dibrugarh District: A Mixed-Method Study.","authors":"Tulika G Mahanta, Mridushman Saikia","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_803_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_803_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite global efforts, malnutrition remains a significant contributor to under-five mortality. Current study, aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices related to maternal, infant, and young child feeding (MIYCF) among women with children aged 0-23 months, working in tea estates of the Dibrugarh district.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Community-based cross-sectional study using mixed-method design conducted in 2022. The quantitative study involved 198 women selected through multistage sampling, while the qualitative segment included focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with healthcare providers. SPSS version 25 and Atlas Ti software are used for quantitative and qualitative data analysis, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A discernible gap between knowledge and practices highlighted the necessity for targeted behavioral interventions. Cultural norms, dietary restrictions, and traditional practices affecting MIYCF were documented in a qualitative study. Service providers identified economic conditions, ignorance, and reliance on traditional healers as contributing factors to malnutrition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Holistic, culturally sensitive interventions are pivotal to addressing the intricate interplay between knowledge, societal norms, and MIYCF practices in the tea estates of Dibrugarh.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 Suppl 1","pages":"S120-S124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Task Sharing for Diagnosis and Management of Dermatophytosis and Scabies in Periurban Community of Chandigarh.","authors":"Sankita Sandal, Kavita Kavita, Sushma Kumari Saini, Tarun Narang","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_479_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_479_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nurses can play a significant role to provide care to millions of patients with dermatophytosis and scabies. Thus, the study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of task sharing with nurses for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis and scabies.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>An interventional trial was conducted in two periurban communities of Chandigarh which were randomized to experimental and control groups. Survey Performa was used to identify patients already diagnosed with dermatophytosis and scabies. However, teleconsultation with the dermatologist was done for patients presenting with signs and symptoms for the confirmation of diagnosis. Nurse led intervention which included health education and counselling about prevention and management of dermatophytosis and scabies, i.e., its signs and symptoms, medication adherence, lifestyle modification, hygiene practices, application of medicine to treat scabies was given to intervention group participants with the help of booklet and flash cards. The control group received usual care. Endline assessment was done at 8^th week to assess the effect of intervention on medication adherence, quality of life, and self-reported cure rates. The trial was also registered under the Clinical Trials Registry-India with the CTRI no. CTRI/2022/07/043856.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed significant difference in the medication adherence among participants in experimental (20.51 ± 09.04) and control groups (28.56 ± 9.46) at the endline assessment. The mean score of quality of life (13.16 ± 7.30) was significantly lower than in experimental and control groups (18.83 ± 7.30) indicating better quality of life. There was significant difference in the self-reported cure rate among experimental and control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concluded that task sharing was effective in improving quality of life, medication adherence, hygiene practices, and self-reported cure rate among patients with dermatophytosis and scabies.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 Suppl 1","pages":"S41-S47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}