Indian Journal of Community Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the TB Mukt Gram Panchayat Program in Rajasthan: A Way toward Tuberculosis Elimination.","authors":"Pankaj Bhardwaj, Nitin Kumar Joshi, Vinod Kumar Garg, Pritish Baskaran, Manoj Gupta, Akhil D Goel, Alok Ranjan, Suman Saurabh, Bharat Meharda, Shishram Ola","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_74_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_74_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The TB Mukt Gram Panchayat program was launched by the National Health Mission in Rajasthan on August 15, 2022 to engage Panchayati Raj Institutions at the grass-root level to strengthen the fight against tuberculosis (TB). This study was conducted to assess the progress and achievements of this program in Rajasthan.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The methodology involved the collaborative development of assessment criteria by expert stakeholders to assess the TB-free status of Gram Panchayats (GPs)/Wards (WAs) in Rajasthan. Two stages were conducted: shortlisting based on specific criteria, including active case finding and treatment linkage, and final assessment using a standardized questionnaire. Indicators assessed included program delivery, active case finding, community awareness, community support, district capacity, and TB burden, each with defined qualifying criteria and achievement scores, yielding final scores for each GP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the context of the GP/WA TB-Free Declaration Status, the results depict a mix of statuses, including \"Progress toward TB-free status\" and \"Achieved TB-free status.\" Out of 51 GPs/WAs, 29 achieved TB-free status, 13 were in progress toward TB-free status, and the rest were not qualified, having incomplete coverage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the progress in Rajasthan's TB Mukt Gram Panchayat program and exemplifies stakeholder collaboration across sectors in developing a verification framework for TB Mukt Gram Panchayat claims. Moreover, this novel assessment framework offers a valuable tool for other states to monitor their progress toward TB elimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 Suppl 1","pages":"S30-S34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drones in Health Care-A Flying Potential.","authors":"Rashmi Agarwalla, Phulen Sarma, Ashok Puranik, Himashree Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_206_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_206_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of unmanned aerial vehicles or drone use is increasing in all sectors including the field of health sector. Its use in the health sector can be broadly classified under Public health and Disaster Relief, Medical Transport, and Telemedicine. The advantages of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles or drones in health care are immense as they can reach inaccessible areas, decrease travel time, and are unmanned which makes them appropriate to be used in disasters. As the challenges of payload capacity, flying range, and cost-effectiveness are expected to be met in near future, they could prove to be flying potential for various sectors in health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 Suppl 1","pages":"S6-S8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12430924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145065902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Childhood Health: A Rural Cross-Sectional Study of Nutritional Status among Under-Five Children in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu.","authors":"M Palanivel Sundaram, P Kaveri, R Kalaivanan, V V Anantharaman, Preethi Selvaraj","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_398_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_398_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malnutrition has emerged as a significant global concern, exacerbated by modernization and the pervasive influence of Western culture. Poor dietary habits and lifestyle shifts have rendered populations, particularly children, more vulnerable to both undernutrition and overnutrition. Alterations in dietary patterns among children under 5 years have contributed to a rise in the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases in adulthood, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. This research aims to assess the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition among children aged 6-59 months in the rural areas of Chengalpattu district.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was carried out on 420 children aged 6-59 months in the rural village of Chengalpattu. Multistage random sampling was employed to select participants, and data were collected using a pre-tested, validated semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and Chi-square tests were performed to assess the associations. The univariate analysis was followed by a multivariate logistic regression to identify significant predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall rate of malnutrition was 46.2%, with 30.2% stunted, 21% wasted, and 24.3% underweight. Malnutrition was statistically significant with gender, low socioeconomic status, breastfeeding initiation after 1 hour of birth, Integrated Child Development Services beneficiary, mode of delivery, birth order, and parental educational status of the children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study results indicate that undernutrition remains a significant health concern among children under 5 years of age. Addressing issues such as low living standards, hunger, malnutrition, illiteracy, inadequate antenatal care, and poor sanitary and housing facilities is crucial. Effectively implementing existing policies and initiatives aimed at improving these conditions is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":"621-628"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Distribution of Refractive Errors among School-going Adolescents: A Retrospective Analysis from Madhya Pradesh, India.","authors":"Kavita A Kawache, Mrunali Y Zode, Saurav Basu","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_299_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_299_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of refractive errors in school going adolescents in the Dewas district of Madhya Pradesh, India. This secondary data analysis utilized data from school based vision screenings conducted in 2021-2022 in 33 schools in rural and urban regions of Dewas district under the National Program for Control of Blindness and Visual Impairment (NPCBVI). Refractive error was considered as unaided distant visual acuity of 6/9 or less which improved with a pinhole. Screening data of adolescents aged 10-19 years were analyzed using the STATA software, version 15.1. Among the 8071 adolescents studied, 601 (7.44%, 95% CI: 6.88%-8.04%) had refractive errors. Myopia was the most prevalent refractive error seen in adolescents (5.87%, 95% CI: 5.36%-6.40%). The prevalence of refractive errors was higher in females (8.76%) than in male adolescents (5.27%). No significant difference in the prevalence of refractive error was noted between rural and urban regions. In conclusion, a significant burden of refractive errors was observed among school going adolescents in a district of a central Indian state, with 7.44% affected, predominantly by myopia (5.87%), indicative of the need to strengthen cost effective vision screening programs. Future research should focus on identifying barriers and exploring strategies to enhance program delivery, ensure enhanced coverage, monitor adherence to wearing of spectacles, and evaluate outcomes for adolescent eye health.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":"705-708"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Clinico-Demographic Study of Mucormycosis Cases Admitted in a Tertiary Care Government Hospital in Western Maharashtra.","authors":"M S Anitha, Sagar Mitrajit Gaikwad, Gajanan M Jatti, Lagdir L Gaikwad, Hemlata G Rokade, Wasim A Bennishirur","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_137_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_137_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mucormycosis, caused by filamentous fungi, is a rare but potentially fatal fungal infection associated with high morbidity and mortality. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought renewed attention to this infection, with an increasing number of cases worldwide. To study the clinico-demographic characteristics and their association with outcomes in mucormycosis cases. A tertiary care government hospital in Western Maharashtra. A Descriptive Cross-Sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital analyzing information from all cases of mucormycosis admitted between January 2021 and December 2022. Data were collected from the medical record section encompassing demographic details, clinical features, treatment, and outcome. Proportion, standard deviation, Chi-square test were used to analyze data by using Microsoft Excel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Demographic analysis revealed a predominance of males 66.67%, and rural residents 73.53% among the mucormycosis cases. Co-morbidities were prevalent in 71.57% cases. The most common clinical presentation was rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (91.67%). Cortico-steroid use was seen in 58.82% cases. Among 270 cases, the case fatality rate was 24.45%. Older age, co-morbidities, COVID-19 status, delayed diagnosis, and delay in treatment were significantly associated with mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Demographic, clinical, and treatment-related factors influence mucormycosis outcome. Early diagnosis, aggressive treatment, and management of co-morbidities can mitigate morbidity and mortality associated with mucormycosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":"663-668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Status of Children and its Relation to Maternal Factors: An Endeavor Toward Better-Nourished Western Rural India.","authors":"Krishna M Jasani, Vibha V Gosalia, Shobha V Misra","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_501_231","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_501_231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Malnutrition has a direct impact on infant mortality rate and under-five mortality rates, which are prime indicators of the health status of a country. COVID-19 has also substantially affected the nutritional status of children. Hence, the objective is to highlight the magnitude of malnutrition and associated maternal factors in rural areas of Rajkot district.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to May 2022 among children up to six years of age registered in the Anganwadi centers (AWCs) of Rajkot district. To achieve the desired sample size of 504, a multi-stage sampling method was used. Statistical significance for all comparisons was based on the Chi-square test and factors with <i>P</i> value <0.05 were considered for binary logistic regression. For nutritional status assessment, a Z-score was obtained using WHO Anthro 2011 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the total 504 participants, 50.2% were female and 49.8% were male. The mean age of the participants was 32.43 ± 18.7 months Prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting was found to be 39.1%, 36.7%, and 30.5%, respectively. After adjustment by binary logistic regression, a significant correlation was found between different forms of malnutrition and the age of participants, education of the mother, type of family, socio-economic class, mother's age at the birth of participants, and birth weight. (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of acute malnutrition (wasting) is higher than the national, state, and regional average in this study. Thus, more emphasis should be given to better utilization of services such as nutritional supplementation, nutritional rehabilitation, and growth monitoring along with treatment of morbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":"641-646"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding Difficulties among Preschool Children in Udupi: A Cross-Sectional Survey.","authors":"Jevita Dsouza, Rupambika Sahoo, Sumita Rege","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_788_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_788_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feeding is an important task for young children essential for fostering sensory, motor, and social skills for their overall well-being and functional independence. Globally, feeding problems in typically developing children are reported to range from 17.5% to 49.2%. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of feeding difficulties in preschool children in Udupi. Also, the strategies used for children with feeding difficulties were identified. A cross-sectional study design was implemented in preschools of Udupi. The Behavioural Paediatric Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS) was administered to caregivers of 217 pre-schoolers of Udupi town to identify the prevalence of feeding difficulties. An open ended question about the strategies employed for feeding their children was also included in the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyse the data. The results showed a high prevalence of feeding difficulties i.e. 47.5% and 55.76% according to the Total Feeding Scores (TFS) and Total Problem Scores (TPS) respectively, based on the BPFAS. Parents used various behavioural and other strategies to feed their children. The findings of the study highlight the high prevalence of feeding issues among pre-schoolers. Thus, it is important to create awareness among caregivers of typically developing children and provide interventions to both the child as well as the caregivers involved in feeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":"684-688"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study to Assess the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Labor-Onset Hypertension among Women in Intranatal Period Admitted in Selected Hospital, Assam.","authors":"Ampi Tage, Monika Nongmeikapam","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_670_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_670_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Labor-on-set hypertension itself is a very new study, and it is an intriguing subject for researchers to understand its impact and outcome during labor. To assess the prevalence and risk factors of labor-onset hypertension among women in the intranatal period and also to find the association between prevalence and risk factors with the demographic variables.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The research design adopted in this study is a descriptive cross-sectional design. Data were collected using a non-probability convenience sampling technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that the prevalence of labor-onset hypertension among 219 women in the intranatal period was 67 (30.6%) who had stage II hypertension and 12 (5.5%) who had risk factors for labor-onset hypertension. The demographic variables occupation and dietary habits had shown a statistically significant association with the prevalence of labor-onset hypertension. The demographic variable age had shown a statistically significant association with risk factors for labor-onset hypertension.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concluded that most of the women in the intranatal period were recorded with stage II hypertension and the presence of risk factors among women in the intranatal period. There was also a significant association between the prevalence and risk factors of labor-onset hypertension and demographic variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":"587-591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Maternal, Infant, Young Child and Adolescent Nutrition in Medical Education in India.","authors":"Kapil Yadav, Meghna Singh, Tanisha Garg, Gargi Pandey, Ravneet Kaur","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_946_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_946_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":"545-549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Variations in the Risk Factors of Hypertension Across Different Age Groups in Indian Adults: Insights from the Fifth Round of NFHS (2019-21).","authors":"Anshu Mittal, Shilpi Gupta, Harsimranjit K Natt, Madhur Verma, Mrinmoy P Bharadwaz, Sonu Goel","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_748_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_748_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension (HTN) is the second leading risk factor for men, accounting for 125 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in men and 90 million in women making it the leading risk factor globally. The study was planned to determine the prevalence and patterns of different risk factors of HTN and how they vary across different stages of life in adulthood and to develop a comprehensive risk score to predict HTN and observe its variations across the other states of India.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study is based on secondary data analysis provided by the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), and the survey was conducted among women aged 15-49 years and men aged 15-54 years. Demographic details, history of smoking and alcohol intake, presence of other morbidities, measurement of physical parameters, and blood pressure (BP) were the critical information collected from the population. The comprehensive risk score was also developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age-wise prevalence of HTN was 34% among males older than 45 years and 28% among females of the same age. The presence of diabetes was also found to be a significant risk factor. Statistical HTN analysis has shown a significant correlation between BP values and total risk scores in males and females (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Assessing the risk factor profile can be highly beneficial as the two distributions are closely in sync, that is, where risk factor scores are lower, prevalence is higher.</p>","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":"50 4","pages":"654-662"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12364263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}